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Unit 3 Study Guide

The document is a study guide covering cell structure and function, including the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, organelles, and their functions. It discusses processes such as diffusion, osmosis, photosynthesis, and cellular respiration, along with the components of the cell theory. Additionally, it highlights the roles of ATP, the importance of chloroplasts and mitochondria, and the differences between autotrophs and heterotrophs.

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tpremanand
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2 views

Unit 3 Study Guide

The document is a study guide covering cell structure and function, including the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, organelles, and their functions. It discusses processes such as diffusion, osmosis, photosynthesis, and cellular respiration, along with the components of the cell theory. Additionally, it highlights the roles of ATP, the importance of chloroplasts and mitochondria, and the differences between autotrophs and heterotrophs.

Uploaded by

tpremanand
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 3:Study Guide

Part 1: Cell Structure and Function

A single-celled organism that does not contain a nucleus is [PROKARYOTIC or


eukaryotic

Label as being found in “eukaryotic” or “prokaryotic” cells or “both”:


Nucleus: EUKARYOTIC
Cell Membrane: BOTH
Cytoplasm: BOTH
Cell Wall: BOTH
Mitochondria: EUKARYOTIC
Vacuole: EUKARYOTIC

Label as being found in “plant”, “animal”, or “both” types of eukaryotic cells.


Nucleus: BOTH
Cytoplasm: BOTH
Mitochondria: BOTH
Cell Wall: PLANT
Cell Membrane: BOTH
Chloroplast: PLANT
Ribosomes: BOTH
Vacuoles: BOTH

Muscle cells use a lot of energy, therefore they have more of which type of
organelle? MITOCHONDRIA

What are the 3 components of the cell theory?


ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF CELLS.
A CELL IS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE.
ALL CELLS COME FROM OTHER CELLS.

If you put cells into salt water, why do the cells shrink?
Water moves out

Osmosis occurs when WATER moves from high concentration to low concentration
through a semi-permeable membrane.

What is homeostasis? INTERNAL BALANCE


Organize these from smallest to largest: cell, organ system, organ, tissue
CELL🡪TISSUE🡪ORGAN🡪ORGAN SYSTEM🡪

INDIVIDUAL RECEPTOR or PERIPHERAL proteins are found in the plasma membrane and
are used for receiving signals from other cells.

Food coloring spreading throughout a beaker of water is an example of: diffusion,


osmosis, or facilitated diffusion, active transport? DIFFUSION

In passive transport, molecules are moved from HIGH to LOW concentration


.
In active transport, molecules are moved from LOW to HIGH concentration and ENERGY
(in the form of ATP) is required.

Match the function with the organelle:

Chloroplast: F
Cell Wall: B
Cytoplasm: D
Golgi Complex: C
Lysosome: G
Mitochondria: J
Nucleus: E
Plasma Membrane: I
Ribosomes: A
Vacuoles: H

A. Synthesizes (makes) proteins; found in the cytoplasm


B. Provides structural support; contains cellulose
C. Packages & distributes proteins
D. Holds organelles
E. Contains DNA; control center
F. Uses solar energy to create sugar
G. Contains digestive enzymes
H. Stores water & nutrients
I. Controls what enters and leaves cell
J. Breaks down sugar to produce energy

B) Are exocytosis and endocytosis passive or active transport? ACTIVE TRANSPORT


C) Do they require energy? YES
D) Are they for transporting large or small molecules? LARGE MOLECULES
Label as associated with: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids

Fatty acid: LIPIDS


Sugars & Starches: CARBS
Amino Acids: PROTEINS
DNA & RNA: NUCLEIC ACIDS
Nucleotides: NUCLEIC ACIDS
Monosaccharides: CARBS
Enzymes: PROTEINS
Cellulose, Glycogen: CARBS

**SHAPE DETERMINES FUNCTION


*NERVE CELLS (NEURONS)=ELONGATED AND THIN TO TRANSMIT MESSAGES
*MUSCLE CELLS=LIKE RUBBER BANDS TO CONTRACT AND STRETCH/LOTS OF MITOCHONDRIA
*SPERM CELLS=FLAGELLA TO MOVE
*RED BLOOD CELLS=SMOOTH/FLEXIBLE/ROUND/LOSE THEIR NUCLEI TO FLOW EASILY THROUGH
VEINS/ARTERIES AND CARRY OXYGEN
*EUGLENA=FLAGELLA FOR MOVEMENT/ CHLOROPLAST FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS/ EYESPOT TO DETECT
SUNLIGHT/ CONTRACTILE VACUOLE TO REMOVE EXCESS WATER
*AMOEBA=PSEUDOPODIA FOR MOVEMENT AND CAPTURING PREY/CONTRACTILE VACUOLE TO REMOVE
EXCESS WATER
*PARAMECIUM=CILIA FOR MOVEMENT/ CONTRACTILE VACUOLE TO REMOVE EXCESS WATER

What 2 organelles produce ATP molecules?


*Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

What organelle changes energy from carbohydrates (ex. sugars) into ATP?
*Mitochondrion

What organelle produces the most ATP?


*Mitochondrion

What is ATP used for?


*Cellular activities/Energy storage

How many phosphate groups does ATP have?


*3

In which direction is energy released?:ATP 🡪 ADP + P


*Break the high-energy bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphates

In which direction is energy stored?:ADP + P 🡪 ATP

What would happen to a plant if its chloroplast did not function properly?
*Wouldn’t be able to make its food (autotroph)

A) What organelle uses CO2 and H2O?


*Chloroplast

B) What does it make?


*Glucose and Oxygen

C) What type of energy is required?


*Sunlight

D) What is the name of the pigment that traps this energy?


*Chlorophyll

What two products are produced from photosynthesis?


*Glucose and Oxygen

What is the name of the process for making energy without oxygen?
*Anaerobic (cellular) respiration=Fermentation

A) What is the name of the process that causes your muscles to ache during
strenuous exercise?
*Lactic Acid Fermentation

B) Why do your muscle cells have to use this process?


*No oxygen (anaerobic respiration)

How do autotrophs get their food?


*Use light or chemicals to make their own food
A. Plants/protists=photosynthesis (light)
B. Life at hydrothermal vents=chemosynthesis (chemicals)

How do heterotrophs get their food (energy)?


*Obtain energy from foods they consume

What type of organisms do photosynthesis: autotrophs


What type of organisms do cellular respiration: both?

All plant cells have Chloroplasts for making sugar in photosynthesis and
Mitochondria for breaking down sugar in cellular respiration.

What 2 substances are produced during photosynthesis that are used for completion
of cellular respiration?
*Glucose and Oxygen
What 2 substances are produced during cellular respiration that are used for
completion of photosynthesis?
*Carbon dioxide and Water

A) What are the 2 steps in photosynthesis?


*Light Reactions and Calvin Cycle

B) What organelle do they take place in?


*Chloroplast

A) What are the 3 steps in aerobic cellular respiration?


*Glycolysis🡪Kreb’s Cycle🡪Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

B) What organelle do they take place in?


*Mitochondrion

What process is this?: C6 H12O6 + 6O2 + ADP + P 🡪 6CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP


*Cellular Respiration (aerobic…with oxygen)

Chlorophyll appears green because it [absorbs or reflects?] green light.

When chlorophyll absorbs light energy, an electron gets excited and travels down
the thylakoid (photosystem).

What 2 gases are recycled during photosynthesis and cellular respiration?


*Carbon-dioxide and Oxygen

All organic molecules that contain carbon were ultimately from carbon dioxide from
the atmosphere.

Heterotrophs eat other organisms (including autotrophs) for food.

Autotrophs make their own food through photosynthesis. So, what is the ultimate
source of energy for all living things on Earth?
*Sun

What is the major byproduct of photosynthesis that allows us to breathe?


*Oxygen

How do these 3 factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?


Light intensity

Oxygen is released during the light reactions of photosynthesis. Where does that
oxygen come from?
*Water is split

The Calvin cycle of photosynthesis occurs: only in the light, only in the dark, or
in both?
*only in the light (it's called dark because no light is required)

When cells break down glucose and other foods, what happens to the energy?
*Energy is used for cellular activities and life processes.

Which is more efficient for making ATP: aerobic respiration or anaerobic


respiration?
*Aerobic respiration (with oxygen) is more efficient by making 36 ATP to anaerobic
respiration (fermentation…no oxygen) which makes only 2 ATP.

What process is used to make bread and alcoholic beverages?


*Alcoholic Fermentation (anaerobic..no oxygen)

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