1.

Concept of Factual Questions

The concept of factual knowledge refers to information that is objective, verifiable, and
can be proven true or false. This type of knowledge includes data, dates, definitions, and
established facts that can be confirmed through reliable sources. Factual knowledge serves
as the foundation for more complex understanding and reasoning in various fields,
including science, history, geography, and literature. It is essential for critical thinking and
informed decision-making.

1. What is the capital of France?

Concept of Factual Knowledge: Geographical knowledge—specific, verifiable
information about the location of countries and their capitals.
2. Who wrote "Romeo and Juliet"?
Concept of Factual Knowledge: Literary knowledge—information about authors
and their works, which can be verified through historical records.
3. What is the chemical symbol for water?
Concept of Factual Knowledge: Scientific knowledge—specific facts about
chemical substances and their representations.
4. When did World War II begin?
Concept of Factual Knowledge: Historical knowledge—information regarding
significant events in history, including dates and their implications.
5. What is the process of photosynthesis?
Concept of Factual Knowledge: Biological knowledge—specific processes and
functions within living organisms that can be scientifically validated.
 2. Concept of Direct Questions

Direct questions are inquiries that seek specific information and typically require a
straightforward answer. They are usually structured to elicit a clear, concise response, often
beginning with interrogative words such as who, what, where, when, why, and how. Direct
questions can also be formed using auxiliary verbs (e.g., is, are, do, does) at the beginning
of the sentence.

Examples of Direct Questions

1. What is your name?

(Seeks specific information about the person's name.)
2. Where did you go last weekend?
(Inquires about the specific location visited over the past weekend.)
3. Who is the current President of the United States?
(Requests the name of the person holding the office of the president.)
4. When does the meeting start?
(Asks for the specific time the meeting is scheduled to begin.)
5. Why are you studying English?
(Seeks the reason or motivation behind the person's decision to study the language.)
6. How do you get to the nearest train station?
(Seeks specific information about the directions or method to reach the station.)
7. Which book are you currently reading?
(Inquires about the title of the book the person is reading.)
8. How long does it take to complete the project?
(Requests specific information about the duration needed to finish the project.)
 3. List of time-related words and phrases

List of time-related words and phrases organized by present, past, present continuous,
present perfect, and future tenses, including expressions for hours, minutes, days, weeks,
months, years, centuries, and the prepositions in, at, and on:

Present Tense

1. Now - I am studying now.

2. Today - I am going to the park today.
3. This week - I have a meeting this week.
4. Currently - I am currently working on a project.
5. Always - I always wake up early.
6. Usually - I usually go to the gym on weekends.
7. Every hour - I check my emails every hour.
8. Every minute - I receive updates every minute.
9. Every day - I exercise every day.
10. On Monday - I will submit the report on Monday.
11. At noon - Let’s meet at noon.

Past Tense

1. Yesterday - I finished my homework yesterday.

2. Last week - We traveled last week.
3. Earlier - I saw him earlier.
4. In the past - In the past, I used to play soccer.
5. When I was a child - When I was a child, I lived in the countryside.
6. An hour ago - I called her an hour ago.
7. Two days ago - I met him two days ago.
8. Last month - We went on vacation last month.
9. On Friday - I went to the cinema on Friday.
10. At 5 PM - The meeting started at 5 PM.

Present Continuous Tense

1. Right now - I am eating right now.

2. This morning/afternoon/evening - I am meeting my friend this afternoon.
3. At the moment - I am studying at the moment.
4. For the last hour - I have been working for the last hour.
5. This week - I am focusing on my projects this week.
6. In the evening - I am going to a concert in the evening.

Present Perfect Tense

1. For - I have lived here for five years.

2. Since - I have known her since 2010.
 3. Already - I have already finished my homework.
4. Just - I have just arrived.
5. Ever - Have you ever been to Paris?
6. In the last few months - I have read several books in the last few months.
7. In the past year - I have traveled a lot in the past year.
8. At any time - You can call me at any time.

Future Tense

1. Tomorrow - I will call you tomorrow.

2. Next week - I will start a new job next week.
3. Soon - We will leave soon.
4. In the future - In the future, I want to travel more.
5. This time next week - I will be flying to Paris this time next week.
6. In a few hours - I will be working in a few hours.
7. Next month - I will start my new course next month.
8. In a year - In a year, I will graduate.
9. In the next century - Technology will advance significantly in the next century.
10. On Saturday - I will visit my grandparents on Saturday.
11. At 3 PM - We will meet at 3 PM.

Time Expressions for Hours, Minutes, Days, Weeks, Months, Years, and
Centuries

1. Hour - It takes one hour to complete the task.

2. Minute - I will be there in ten minutes.
3. Day - I usually work five days a week.
4. Week - I have a meeting every week.
5. Month - There are twelve months in a year.
6. Year - I graduated last year.
7. Decade - In the last decade, technology has changed rapidly.
8. Century - The 21st century began in 2001.

Summary of Prepositions

1. In - Used for months, years, centuries, and long periods.

o In December, in 2022, in the 20th century.
2. At - Used for precise times and holidays.
o At 5 PM, at Christmas, at noon.
3. On - Used for days and dates.
o On Monday, on July 4th, on my birthday.
 4. General Locations

1. Home - I am at home.
2. School - She is at school.
3. Office - He works at the office.
4. Park - They are playing in the park.
5. Library - I am studying at the library.
6. Store - We need to go to the store.
7. Restaurant - Let’s eat at a restaurant.
8. Gym - I exercise at the gym.
9. Beach - We will relax at the beach.
10. Airport - I will meet you at the airport.

Prepositions of Place

1. At - I am at the bus stop.

2. In - The dog is in the garden.
3. On - The book is on the table.
4. Under - The cat is under the chair.
5. Over - The plane flew over the city.
6. Between - The bank is between the supermarket and the post office.
7. Behind - The garage is behind the house.
8. In front of - The car is parked in front of the store.
9. Next to - The bank is next to the bakery.
10. Inside - The children are inside the house.

Specific Location Phrases

1. In the city - I live in the city.

2. In the countryside - They have a farm in the countryside.
3. By the river - We have a cabin by the river.
4. At the top of the hill - The view is beautiful at the top of the hill.
5. Near the station - There is a café near the station.
6. In the neighborhood - I have lived in this neighborhood for years.
7. On the corner - The bookstore is on the corner of Main Street.
8. At the crossroads - Meet me at the crossroads.
9. At the foot of the mountain - The village is at the foot of the mountain.
10. In the heart of the city - The hotel is in the heart of the city.

Directions and Distances

1. To the left - The park is to the left of the library.

2. To the right - The restaurant is to the right of the cinema.
3. Straight ahead - Go straight ahead for two blocks.
4. A short distance from - The school is a short distance from my house.
5. Far away - The beach is far away from here.
 6. Close to - I live close to the grocery store.
7. Just around the corner - The post office is just around the corner.
8. A few blocks away - The bank is a few blocks away.
9. Half a mile from - The hotel is half a mile from the airport.
10. Next door - My friend lives next door.

5. Offers, Requests, Opinions

List of words and phrases to convey offers, requests, and opinions. This can help you
express yourself clearly in various situations.

Offers

1. Would you like - Would you like some help?

2. Can I offer - Can I offer you a drink?
3. How about - How about I take care of that for you?
4. I can help - I can help you with your project.
5. Let me know if you need - Let me know if you need any assistance.
6. I’d be happy to - I’d be happy to show you around.
7. Feel free to - Feel free to ask any questions.
8. If you want, I can - If you want, I can send you the documents.
9. Shall I - Shall I pick you up at the airport?
10. I’d like to offer - I’d like to offer my support.

Requests

1. Could you please - Could you please pass the salt?

2. Would you mind - Would you mind closing the window?
3. Can you - Can you help me with this?
4. I would appreciate it if you could - I would appreciate it if you could send me the
report.
5. May I ask you to - May I ask you to help me with this task?
6. Could I have - Could I have a moment of your time?
7. Please let me know if - Please let me know if you can attend the meeting.
8. I’m looking for - I’m looking for someone to assist with this project.
9. Would it be possible to - Would it be possible to reschedule our appointment?
10. I need - I need your advice on this matter.

Opinions

1. I think - I think we should go with this plan.

2. In my opinion - In my opinion, this is the best option.
3. I believe - I believe this will work out well.
4. From my perspective - From my perspective, it makes sense to invest now.
5. I feel that - I feel that we need to take action quickly.
6. It seems to me - It seems to me that we are making progress.
7. As far as I’m concerned - As far as I’m concerned, this is the right decision.
8. I would argue that - I would argue that we need a new approach.
9. To my mind - To my mind, this proposal has its merits.
10. I would suggest - I would suggest considering alternative options.