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Web Matrix Developer s Guide 1st Edition John Paul
Mueller (Auth.) Digital Instant Download
Author(s): John Paul Mueller (auth.)
ISBN(s): 9781590590928, 1590590929
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 15.60 MB
Year: 2003
Language: english
 Web Matrix
Developer's Guide
JOHN PAUL MUELLER

APress Media, LLC

Web Matrix Developer's Guide

Copyright © 2003 by John Paul Mueller

Originally published by Apress in 2003

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, inc1uding photocopying, recording, or by any information
storage or retrieval system, without the prior written perrnission of the copyright owner and the
publisher.

ISBN 978-1-59059-092-8 ISBN 978-1-4302-1111-2 (eBook)

DOI 10.1007/978-1-4302-1111-2

Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every
occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the
benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.

Technical Reviewers: Shawn Nandi, Russ Mullen

Editorial Directors: Dan Appleman, Gary Cornell, Jason Gilmore, Simon Hayes, Karen Watterson,
John Zukowski
Managing Editor: Grace Wong
Project Manager: Tracy Brown Collins
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section.
This book is dedicated to the latest addition to our family, Sugar Plum. May her life
be jilled with as much joy as she has already given uso
 Contents at a Glance
About the Author .................................................... .xi
About the Technical Reviewer .................................... .. xii
Acknowledgments ................................................... .xiii
Introduction ........................................................ .xv
Part One Using Web Matrix ........................................ 1
Chapter 1 An Overview of Web Matrix ............................ 3
Chapter 2 Using Web Matrix ......................................27
Part Two Developing Applications with Web Matrix ........... .59
Chapter 3 Building a Simple Web Site .......................... 61
Chapter 4 Web Matrix and Security ........................... .105
Chapter 5 Web Matrix Database Development ................... 141
Chapter 6 Applications with
Custom Components and Controls .................... 193
Chapter 7 Web Matrix and XML ..................................241
Chapter 8 Web Matrix and Web Services ........................ 269
Chapter 9 Web Matrix Mobile Applications .................... 311
Chapter 10 Improving Performance wi th Web Matrix ............ 355
Part Three Glossary and Appendix ............................... .385
Glossary ............................................................ 387

Appendix ........................................................... .421

Index ............................................................... .427

v
 Contents
About the Author .................................................... .xi
About the Technical Reviewer .................................... ..xii
Acknowledgments ................................................... .xiii
Introduction ........................................................ .xv

Part One Using Web Matrix ...................................1

Chapter 1 An Overview of Web Matrix .....................3

What Is Web Matrix? ................................................. .4
Why Use Web Matrix? .................................................. 6
Web Matrix Features .................................................. 9
Wh at Web Matrix Can and Can t Do For You ........................ 14
I

Designing a Test Setup ............................................. 19

Summary ...............................................................24

Chapter 2 Using Web Matrix .................................27

Web Matrix Installation ............................................28
Microsoft Mobile Internet Toolkit Installation ................. 39
An Overview of Web Matrix IDE Elements .......................... 42
Using the Workspace ............................................... .48
Connecting to the Online Component Gallery ..................... 52
An Overview of Web Matrix File Types ............................55
Summary ............................................................... 57

Part rwo Developing Applications

wi th Web Matrix ....................................59

Chapter 3 Building a Simple Web Si te .................. 61

File Access Techniques ............................................. 63
Using the HTML Page ................................................ 69
Using a Text File ................................................... 87

vii
Contents

Using a Style Sheet ................................................ 89

A Simple HTML Example .............................................. 94
Using the ASP. NET Page ............................................. 95
Code Behind Versus Inline Code ................................... 99
Using WEB. CONFIG .................................................... 99
Using GLOBAL.ASAX ................................................. .102
Using the ASP. NET HTTP Handler Page .......................... .. 103
Summary ............................................................. .104

Chapter 4 Web Matrix and Security .................... .. 105

General Requirements for Web Site Security ................... .107
Using the Login Page .............................................. 111
Using the Logout Page ............................................. 115
Using the Config File Page ....................................... 118
Devising a Better Password Scheme .............................. .120
A General Security Example ....................................... 125
Windows-Validated Security ....................................... 132
Summary .............................................................. 139

Chapter 5 Web Matrix Database Development .......... 141

Configuring MSDE Using MSDE Query ............................... 144
Using the Web Matrix Code Builders .............................. 153
Using the SQL Script Page ........................................ 174
Using the Simple Stored Procedure ............................... 175
Using the DataList and Repeater Controls ....................... 179
Creating a Data Grid .............................................. 185
Data Reporting ..................................................... 185
Putting It All Together ........................................... 187
Limitations of the Web Matrix Approach ......................... 188
Summary .............................................................. 191

viii
 Contents

Chapter 6 Applications with Custom Components

and Controls ...................................... 193
Working with the .NET Framework Tools ........................... 195
Developing wi th Existing Components ........................... .203
Developing with Existing Controls ...............................215
Using the Class Page ..............................................232
Using an ASP. NET User Control ....................................237
Summary ............................................................. .240

Chapter 7 Web Matrix and XML .............................241

Understanding XML Support in Web Matrix ........................242
Working wi th Microsoft XML Notepad ..............................245
Using the XmlEdi tGrid Control ....................................248
Using the XML File ................................................ .255
Using the XSL Transform .......................................... .257
Using the XML Schema ..............................................263
Summary ..............................................................266

Chapter 8 Web Matrix and Web Services ................269

An Introduction to Web Services ................................. .270
Using the XML Web Service Page ................................. .280
Using the Simple Page .............................................286
Using the SOAP Headers Page ......................................286
Using the Custom Class Page ..................................... .301
Using the Output Caching Page ................................... .306
Summary ............................................................. .309

Chapter 9 Web Matrix Mobile Applications ...........311

Installing Mobile Device Emulation Support .................... 313
Understanding Mobile Support ..................................... 326
Using the Simple Mobile Page ..................................... 331
Enhancing the Simple Mobile Solution Example .................. 344
Using the Simple Mobile User Control .......................... .350
Making Your Mobile Secure Application .......................... 352
Summary ..............................................................353

ix
Contents

Chapter 10 Improving Performance

wi th Web Matrix ................................355
Unmanaged Component and Control Performance
Facts and Tips ................................................. 356
Downloadable Controls That Improve User Performance .......... 358
Working with the Performance Console ........................... 363
Understanding Output Caching ..................................... 375
Summary ..............................................................384

Part Three Glossary and Appendix ....................... 385

Glossary ..........................................................387

Appendix .......................................................... 421

Index .............................................................. 427

x
 About the Author
lohn Mueller is a freelance author and technical editor. He
has writing in his blood, having produced 56 books and
over 200 articles to date. The topics range from networking
to artificial intelligence and from database management to
heads-down programming. So me of his eurrent books include
a e# developer guide, a small business and horne office net-
working guide, and several Windows XP user guides. His technical editing skills
have helped over 31 authors refine the content of their manuscripts. John has
provided technical editing services to both Data Based Advisor and Coast
Compute magazines. He's also contributed articles to magazines like SQL Server
Professional, Visual C++ Developer, and Visual Basic Developer. He's currently
the editor of .NET eXTRA eNewsletter for Pinnacle Publishing. (Subscribe at
http://www.freeenewsletters.com/.)
When John isn't working at the computer, you can find hirn in his workshop.
He's an avid woodworker and candle maker. On any given afternoon, you can
find hirn working at a lathe or putting the finishing touches on a bookcase. One
of his newest craft projects is glycerin soap making, which comes in handy for
gift baskets. You can reach John on the Internet at [email protected]. John is also
setting up a Web site at http://www.mwt.net/-jmueller / . Feel free to look and
make suggestions on how he can improve it. One of his current projects is creat-
ing book FAQ sheets that should help you find the book information you need
much faster.

xi
 About the
Technical Reviewer
Russ Mullen has been involved in the computer field since the
early days of MS-DOS. He has technically edited or coau-
thored more than 40 titles. He has been a Web developer for
a large international company and the IT manager for an
insurance adjusting company. Russ has a consulting/appli-
cation development firm that does Web site design and
application development (see http://'iIiM •whoyouare. com for more information).
He enjoys getting up very early in the moming and coding with coffee in hand
long before the sun rises, and then retiring early to prepare for the next day's
activities. You can reach Russ by e-maU rmullen@bellsouth. net.

xii
 Acknowledgments
Thanks to my wife, Rebecca, for working with me to get this book completed
during an exceptionally difficult time. 1 really don't know what 1 would have done
without her help in researching and compiling some of the information that
appears in this book (especiallythe glossary). She also did a fine job ofproofread-
ing my rough draft and page proofing the final result.
Russ Mullen and Shawn Nandi deserve thanks for their technical edit ofthis
book. Both editors greatly added to the accuracy and depth ofthe material you
see here. 1 really appreciated the time the technical editors devoted to checking
my code for accuracy-especially the last minute checks of test utilities. Russ
also supplied some of the URLs you see in the book as wen as other helpful tips
andhints.
Finally, 1 would like to thank Karen Watterson, Tracy Brown, Ami Knox, and
the rest of the production staff at Apress for their assistance in bringing this book
to print. It's always nice to work with such a great group of professionals.

xiii
 Introduction
"I1's free!" That phrase emblazons many products. Everything from coupons in
your local grocery store to the trade paper you read this morning use that phrase.
Web Matrix is another product that uses the phrase "It's free!" However, unlike
many products for which free also me ans nonuseful, Web Matrix is an extremely
useful product. This is the editor you've always wanted on your desktop, but
never had before. By the time you finish this book, Web Matrix willlikely find
a permanent place in your toolbox because it does so many tasks weIl.
This book provides a complete view ofWeb Matrix-everything from gener-
ating simple Web pages, to developing Web Services, to performing database
development, and on to creating mobile applications. You'llieam how to use Web
Matrix to perform a variety of tasks and how to extend it to meet needs that the
original developers might not have envisioned. You'll also leam about places
where Web Matrix isn't the right tool for the job. This book presents an honest
evaluation of how you can use Web Matrix to improve your development envi-
ronment. As with many tools, Web Matrix helps you perform some tasks weIl, but
doesn't perform weIl in other areas.
Instead of taking a Microsoft-specific view of the product, I provide you with
a generic (you can use this for anything) view when appropriate. For example,
you'lliearn how to add your custom controls and components to Web Matrix and
develop applications using the same resources that you've always used. In
addition, you'lliearn how to add new templates to Web Matrix and even create
an environment where you can edit files created by other language products on
other platforms. In short, you'lliearn just how flexible Web Matrix is and why you
should participate in the community effort to improve it.

What's in This Book

What will you get from this book? The following descriptions tell you how Web
Matrix Developer's Guide will improve your Web Matrix experience. More impor-
tantly, you'lliearn a few tantalizing details about Web Matrix that you might not
have known about in the past.

Chapter 1: An Overview of Web Matrix

This chapter intro duces you to Web Matrix. We'll discuss what Web Matrix can
and can't do for you. You'll also learn about features in the IDE. Finally, this

xv
Introduction

chapter shows you how to create a test setup that you'lI find not only works with
Web Matrix, but proves useful for other types of development projects, as weIl.

Chapter 2: Using Web Matrix

This chapter begins with some installation details for Web Matrix and other
utilities that I think you'lI find helpful. You'lliearn a little more about the IDE ele-
ments and then we get to work. First, you'll find out how to use the Web Matrix
workspace. Web Matrix offers advantages that full-fledged products don't for per-
forming so me tasks very quickly. You'lI also learn how to connect to the Internet
to modify your projects online, and we'lI discuss how to download components
and controls from the Online Component Gallery.

Chapter 3: Building a Simple Web Site

Although Web Matrix was originally designed for teaching new developers how to
create ASP.NET applications, it includes a lot of support for standard HTML. You
can create a Web site that relies on standard HTML using just Web Matrix. This
chapter shows how you to create a simple HTML-based Web site. We also discuss
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). This chapter presents a number ofnewWeb Matrix
features such as how to use code snippets. Finally, this chapter shows your first
ASP.NET application and some of the support files it uses such as WEB.CONFIG.

Chapter 4: Web Matrix and Security

Security is essential on Web sites today. Fortunately, Web Matrix provides a num-
ber of solutions in this area, and this chapter discusses them all. Not only will you
learn about the two specialty pages that Web Matrix provides for logging into and
out ofWeb sites, but you'll also learn about other options that you have for secur-
ing your Web server.

Chapter 5: Web Matrix Database Development

Database management is a keystone of every business. In fact, I'm often sur-
prised at how many horne users rely heavily on databases as weIl. This chapter
provides a discussion of several types of database development. You'lIlearn how
to create a form view and a grid view, along with the reports that most people
need. This chapter also discusses the limits of creating database applications in
Web Matrix. You rnight be surprised at just how far this product can go, but it's
also important to realize it can't do everything.

xvi
 Introduction

Chapter 6: Applications with Custom Components and

Controls
This chapter helps you understand how to work with components and controls
in Web Matrix. First, we look at the tools you'H need to make working with com-
ponents and controls possible. All ofthese tools come with the .NET Framework,
so you already have them instalied on your machine. Next, we'H discuss how to
work with both unmanaged and managed components and controls.
Unmanaged components and controls are those created with pre-.NET technol-
ogy-managed components and controls rely on the .NET Framework. This
chapter also introduces you to a new tool, the ActiveX Control Pad. This utility is
another free download from Microsoft.

Chapter 7: Web Matrix and XML

You may not know that XML is used for a number of purposes other than pure
data transmission. One of those purposes is the presentation of data onIine at
Web sites. This chapter shows you how to work with XML in a number of ways.
We'H discuss how it's used to create Web sites, display data from databases, trans-
mit data, and store user configuration settings. This chapter also intro duces you
to Microsoft's XML Notepad-a great utiIity that helps you work with XML files
(and another free download).

Chapter 8: Web Matrix and Web Services

Web services provide a me ans for companies to share resources with partners
or to make code available for general use. This chapter helps you understand
the potential ofWeb services and shows you how to use Web Matrix to imple-
mentWeb service solutions. We'H discuss the Simple ObjectAccess Protocol
(SOAP)-a technology based on XML, which is used to describe programming
interfaces and acts as a data transmission package. You'll also leam about one
of the performance solutions that Web Matrix provides along with a wealth of
additional free tools (inc1uding one that vaIidates your SOAP messages).

xvii
Introduction

Chapter 9: Web Matrix Mobile Applications

Everyone wants to access their data on the road today. The devices used to access
this information get smaller all the time. Unfortunately, most developers are
accustomed to creating desktop applications. This chapter helps you understand
the requirements for creating mobile applications, shows you how to use emula-
tors to develop your applications, and then helps you develop several mobile
applications usingWeb Matrix.

Chapter 10: Improving Performance with Web Matrix

For many developers, performance is everything. They continue to tweak an
application until it speeds along like a racecar. Web Matrix offers two methods for
tuning your applications so they run faster. First, you can use special controls to
make the user interface friendlier and faster to use. Speeding up the user's access
to the application enhances the performance of the application as a whole.
Second, you can change the way that the Web server interacts with the appli-
cation-enhancing the handling of application data. This chapter discusses how
Web server performance ultimately helps the dient see better application perfor-
mance.

Glossary
The glossary indudes all the terms and acronyms used in the book.

Appendix: 52 Ways to Improve the Web Matrix

Experience
This appendix shows you 52 unique ways to make your Web Matrix experience
better. Each tip is an essential nugget of information that you can use to change
the way you view Web Matrix and what it can do for you. There's one tip for each
week of the year so that you can enhance your Web Matrix experience over time.

xviii
 Introduction

Who 15 the Audience for This Book?

This book has two audiences. The primary audience is developers who want to
learn more about ASP.NET. Web Matrix was originally designed to help develop-
ers learn about ASP.NET without having to purchase Visual Studio .NET. Web
Matrix provides a GUI similar to the one found in Visual Studio .NET (with
important limitations we'll discuss in the book). I'm assuming that you've already
read some information about ASP.NET and know how to use a language such as
C# orVisual Basic. This book is focused on intermediate to advanced developers.
Developers who want a tool that can perform quick edits fast will also want to
read this book. I provide a wealth ofhints and tips on howWeb Matrix can help
you become more productive. More importantly, I showyou howWeb Matrix can
bridge gaps. Instead of opening a multitude of development environments to fix
problems with your Web site, you can open this one text editor and still have an
incredibly friendly IDE. With the addition of a few templates, you can also per-
form a limited amount ofWeb site development with Web Matrix.

What You Need

Chapter 1 will tell you about the setup that I've used to write the book and why
I think that setup works so weIl for my development needs. Theoretically, all you
need is a machine running aversion ofWindows with the .NET Framework
instalIed. You don't need to buyanything-all of the products used in this book
are free for the price of a download. That's right, every tool in this book is accessi-
ble from a Web site, and all you need to do is download them to use them. Some
products are shareware or crippleware, which means the product authors would
love it if you purchased their product. I encourage you to try all of the products so
you can see what a great environment Web Matrix provides for so me develop-
mentneeds.

xix
Introduction

Conventions Used in This Book

It always helps to know what the special text means in a book. In this section,
we'll cover usage conventions. This book uses the following conventions:

CONVENTION DESCRIPTION
Inline Code Some code will appear in the text of the book to help explain
application functionality. The code appears in a special font
that makes it easy to see it. This monospaced font also makes
the code easier to read.
[Filename] When you see square brackets around a value, switch, or
command, it means that this is an optional component. You
don't have to include it as part of the command line or dialog
field unless you want the additional functionality that the
value, switch, or command provides.
<Filename> A variable name is a value that you need to replace with
something else. For example, you might need to provide the
name of your server as part of a command line argument.
Because I don't know the name of your server, I'li provide
a variable name instead. The variable name you'li see usually
provides a clue as to what kind of information you need to
supply. In this case, you'li need to provide a filename.
File> Open Menus and the selections on them appear with the right
arrow symbol. "File> Open" means '~ccess the File menu
and choose Open."
URls URLs will normally appear highlighted so that you can see
them with greater ease. The URLs in this book provide
sources of additional information designed to make your
development experience better. URL soften provide sources
of interesting information as weli.

Input All user input is in bold type to make it easy for you to see.
If you see some text in bold type, make sure you type it
precisely as shown in the book.

Term Sometimes you'li run across a special term in the book. Such
terms appear in italic type so that you can see them easier
and find them faster the next time you want to locate them.
Whenever you see a term in italics, pay special attention to it.

xx
 Introduction

Icons
This book contains many icons that help you identify certain types of
information. The foUowing paragraphs describe the purpose of each icon.

NOTE Notes tell you about interestingfacts that don't neces-

sarily affect your ability to use the other information in
the book. I use notes to give you bits ofinformation that I've
picked up while using Web Matrix, ASP.NET, CH, Visual Basic
.NET, Windows 9x, Windows 2000, or Windows XP.

TIP Everyone likes tips because they tell you new ways of
doing things that you might not have thought about before.
Tips also provide an alternative way ofdoing something that
you might like better than the first approach I provided. In
most cases, you'll find newsgroup and Web site URLs in tips as
weil. These URLs are especially important because they usu-
ally lead to products or information that help you perform
tasks faster.

CAUTION The Caution icon means watch outf Cautions

almost always tell you about some kind of system or data
damage that'll occur ifyou perform a certain action (or fail to
per/orm others). Make sure you understand a caution thor-
oughly before you follow any instructions that come after it.

xxi
 PartOne

Using Web Matrix

Other documents randomly have
different content
The Project Gutenberg eBook of The History of
the Rise, Increase, and Progress of the
Christian People Called Quakers
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.

Title: The History of the Rise, Increase, and Progress of the

Christian People Called Quakers

Author: William Sewel

Release date: May 31, 2018 [eBook #57241]

Language: English

Credits: Produced by Emmanuel Ackerman and the Online

Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file
was
produced from images generously made available by
The
Internet Archive)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE HISTORY OF

THE RISE, INCREASE, AND PROGRESS OF THE CHRISTIAN PEOPLE
CALLED QUAKERS ***
 THE

HISTORY
OF THE

RISE, INCREASE, AND

PROGRESS,
OF THE

CHRISTIAN PEOPLE CALLED

QUAKERS.
INTERMIXED WITH
SEVERAL REMARKABLE OCCURRENCES.
WRITTEN ORIGINALLY IN LOW DUTCH,
AND ALSO TRANSLATED BY HIMSELF INTO ENGLISH.

BY WILLIAM SEWEL.

A NEW EDITION.
TO WHICH IS APPENDED,
AN INTERESTING NARRATIVE OF THE SUFFERINGS OF WILLIAM
MOORE, JOHN PHILLY, AND RICHARD SELLER.
 IN TWO VOLUMES.
VOL. I.

PHILADELPHIA:
URIAH HUNT, No. 19 NORTH THIRD STREET.

1832.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS.
VOLUME I. 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 2
DEDICATION. 3
THE PREFACE. 5
THE FIRST BOOK. 1415-1650. 13
1415-1623. 13
1624-1641. 19
1642-1645. 20
1646. 23
1647. 24
1648. 28
1649. 34
1650. 37
THE SECOND BOOK. 1651-1653. 52
1651. 52
1652. 62
1653. 82
THE THIRD BOOK. 1654-1655. 97
1654. 97
1655. 124
THE FOURTH BOOK. 1656-1658. 146
1656. 146
1657. 184
1658. 198
THE FIFTH BOOK. 1659-1660. 224
1659. 224
 1660. 258
THE SIXTH BOOK. 1661-1664. 296
1661. 296
1662. 337
1664. 367
THE SEVENTH BOOK. 1662-1663. 374
1662. 374
1663. 409
APPENDIX to VOL. I. 435

VOLUME II. 1
THE EIGHTH BOOK. 1664-1667. 3
1664. 3
1665. 46
1666. 61
1667. 69
THE NINTH BOOK. 1668-1676. 77
1668. 77
1669. 85
1670. 92
1671. 114
1672. 116
1673. 117
1674. 120
1675. 133
1676. 137
THE TENTH BOOK. 1677-1688. 161
1677. 161
1678. 173
1679. 174
1680. 178
 1681. 180
1682. 182
1683. 186
1684. 193
1685. 193
1686. 202
1687. 210
1688. 216
THE ELEVENTH BOOK. 1689-1702. 232
1689. 232
1690. 235
1691. 244
1692. 247
1693. 249
1694. 259
1695. 263
1696. 265
1697. 276
1698. 277
1699. 279
1700. 282
1701. 282
1702. 283
THE TWELFTH BOOK. 1702-1717. 297
1702-1704. 297
1705-1707. 309
1708-1709. 311
1710-1712. 320
1713. 321
1714. 322
 1715. 325
1716. 326
1717. 328
ADDENDA. 331
THE LIGHT UPON THE CANDLESTICK. 331
APPENDIX. 339
INDEX. 363

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
 TO

GEORGE,
KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND, &c.
PRINCE ELECTOR OF BRUNSWICK, LUNENBURG, &c.

GREAT AND MIGHTY PRINCE,

As there is a great variety in the inclinations of men in general, so it
is particularly remarkable in those who addict themselves to the
studies of nature and human literature: for some with great
eagerness inquire into the operations of nature; and the natural
causes of things: some endeavour to dig up antiquities from the
dark, by searching out the signification of statues, the inscriptions of
antique stones, and old and almost worn out medals; and others
peruse with unwearied diligence, the histories both of modern and
ancient times; and not without good cause; for history is not
unjustly called the looking-glass of human life; not only because it
showeth unto us matters of fact, which are either commendable or
reproveable, and we behold therein that which is past, as if it were
present; but also because from things which have already happened
we may learn what is best for us to do, and what we ought to avoid.
And, therefore, great benefit may be reaped from the reading of
histories, besides the pleasure which the variety of transactions
affords to our senses, when matters are accompanied with singular
circumstances, and unexpected events.
Now, since the reading of historical treatises was one of the most
pleasant diversions of my youth, this drew me when I attained to
some maturity of age, to inquire after many things that had
happened in thy kingdoms and dominions, which by many were
almost forgotten. And having gathered great store of very
remarkable cases, which I thought worthy to be kept upon record,
and not buried in oblivion, I was induced to compose an history,
which contains such rare occurrences, and unusual matters as I
believe are not easily paralleled.
And after a long and difficult labour, having at length finished the
work, so far as to expose it to public view; and then thinking to
whom I should dedicate it, it presently came into my mind, that this
could not be done more suitably to any, than to the king of these
countries, which are the chief theatre of this history; and the rather,
because therein is described the rise of a people, who are no small
part of his faithful subjects, (for so I may safely call them,) since
they never, how much soever wronged and oppressed, offered any
resistance to the government; and when for conscience-sake they
could not comply with what was required of them, by patient
suffering they showed their subjection and obedience to the higher
power. Nay, when opportunity was offered to revenge themselves of
their enemies, even then they would not, but left it to the Lord: and
thus at all times they behaved themselves like a peaceable people.
And since I have also had occasion in this history to mention some
illustrious branches of thy royal family, to whom could I with more
justice offer this work, than to thee, O King of Great Britain, who,
having already made thyself gloriously renowned by thy eminent
clemency, bestowed even upon such who by their unnatural rebellion
had forfeited it, didst rather choose to establish thy throne thereby,
than by severity, and thus effectually to observe this lesson of the
wisest of kings, “Mercy and truth preserve the king, and his throne is
upholden by mercy.”
All this hath emboldened me, great king, to dedicate this work to
thee, with due regard, and in a way of humble address to approach
thy royal presence. Be pleased, therefore, according to thy wonted
goodness to excuse this modest freedom; and to know, that though
it be offered by a foreigner, yet it proceeds from him who heartily
wisheth that God may vouchsafe thee long to reign in peace and
tranquillity over thy subjects; and when removed hence from an
earthly and perishing diadem, to grant thee an heavenly and
incorruptible crown of glory: which is the unfeigned desire of,
Great and mighty Prince,
Thy affectionate and sincere well-wisher,
WILLIAM SEWEL.
 THE PREFACE.
After a labour of more than five and twenty years, this history at
length appears in public view; to the compiling of which I was
induced from the consideration that the rise and increase of that
religious society, which in this work I have given a circumstantial
account of, is indeed so rare and wonderful a thing, that I think few
will be met with in modern histories, which in the like respect may
be compared therewith; because the Quakers, so called, are become
a great people, under such heavy oppression as is herein after
mentioned: and that not by any human power, or making resistance,
but merely by an harmless deportment, and the exercising of
patience; for bearing arms and resisting the wicked by fighting, they
always have counted unlawful, and contrary to the doctrine of our
Saviour. Thus they who had no king, prince, nor potentate to protect
them; and who in the beginning had not among themselves any
man of renown or literature, but relying on their integrity, and
trusting to God alone; have at length triumphed over the malice of
their opposers, by suffering, (which rose to that degree that it was
at the expense of the lives of many of them,) under violent
oppression from high and low, and the opposition of learned and
unlearned.
All this after much search, being found out by assiduous diligence,
appeared so wonderful to me, that I resolved to give a relation
thereof, notwithstanding the great labour I soon perceived this work
required. To this may be added, that when I considered that several
authors, both Germans and others, had published books and
accounts of this people stuffed with gross untruths, I was the more
spurred on thereby to set down in due order, for my countrymen’s
sake, what I knew of the matter; for it seems indeed to be of small
advantage that when any thing is well known to us, we keep that
knowledge only to ourselves,[1] without imparting it to others.
 [1] Scire tuum nihil est, nisi te scire hoc sciat alter.—Pers. Sat. 1.
Now how difficult soever I found it, yet having made a beginning, I
resolved to go on; and so I did, though often stopped by several
accidents, and also other work: for during this labour I have not only
translated several bulky books into Dutch, besides Rennet’s
Antiquities of Rome, but also composed several treatises of moment,
and among these my great dictionary, English and Low Dutch. And
notwithstanding all these impediments, I continually resumed this
work by intervals so often, that I have written it almost thrice to
make it complete; for doubting of somethings, and finding others
defective, it made me write to England for better information; which
having gotten at length, after much pains and long writing, I was
several times obliged to lay aside part of my former description and
make a new one; which happened so often, that had I not been
supported by an unwearied application, the difficulty of the labour,
which had been much greater in Holland, than if I had composed the
work in England, would have made me give it over. But I went on,
and so finished this history in that form as it now appears.
And I am not without thoughts, that I was prepared to be
instrumental for such a work as this: for several remarkable things I
have made use of, I had noted down before ever I thought of
composing such a history; and even in my young years, when I was
in England, I copied out from manuscripts several pieces and letters,
which are inserted in this history: it may be hardly to be found
elsewhere.
At the first sight perhaps some will be ready to think that I might
have superseded this labour, since the learned world hath long ago
seen a book written by Gerard Croese, with the title of Historia
Quakeriana. But be it known to the reader, that though the author
got the chief contents thereof from me, yet that relation which he
gives of the rise and progress of the Quakers, is very imperfect and
defective; and that he presumed to relate things of which he had no
true knowledge. I gave him indeed many things in writing, but not
all I had collected; besides having since that time written to my
acquaintance in England, I got narratives of many remarkable
occurrences given forth in print there, and many authentic pieces in
manuscript. Now though this collection was, as Ovid calls the chaos,
‘Rudis indigestaque moles,’ ‘a rude undigested heap;’ yet from
thence, and from my own collection of matters known to me, I have
compiled the greatest part of this history: but as to the life and
transactions of G. Fox, who is largely treated in this work, I took
them chiefly from his journal; and the greatest part of other
occurrences, or the lives and transactions of others, I have taken
from the works of deceased authors; and out of abundance of small
books published in print not long after the things happened, and not
contradicted by whatever I could learn.
Thus I have endeavoured to assert nothing but what I had good
authority for; which in regard of some circumstances, would have
been yet far more difficult after the expiration of some years: for
now time gave opportunity to be informed of many things, which
some ancient people had yet remembrance of, and which after their
decease perhaps would have been buried in oblivion.
I cannot well omit here publicly to acknowledge the signal kindness
and diligence of my well-beloved and much esteemed friend
Theodore Ecclestone, of London, who hath furnished me with
abundance of materials, not only very useful, but also absolutely
necessary for the compiling of this work: from him I had intelligence
on that account, and have exchanged a multitude of letters. And
thus by a long continued correspondence I came to be acquainted
with many things and circumstances, which after some years might
have been more difficult to obtain.
Add to this, that I have described several things well known to me,
which few besides myself within these thirty or forty years had
better knowledge of. I have also mentioned several remarkable
cases, which I noted down from the mouths of credible persons who
have been dead many years, and thought not that at any time I
should have published them in print. In the meanwhile I took
account of what seemed to me worthy to be left upon record, and
collected a great quantity of books, wherein many occurrences
mentioned in this history were related. Of such kind of relations and
accounts I have made use of, without taking from thence all that
was remarkable; for it hath not been for want of matter that this
history hath not run out further, since I could have made it thrice as
big, if I had been minded so to do. But as I was unwilling to extend
my work any further than my strength and health in all probability
should permit, so I would not glut my reader with many things of
one and the same nature: but have endeavoured by variety of
matter, to quicken his appetite; and therefore have intermixed the
serious part sometimes with a facetious accident.
Yet I have not thought myself bound to take notice of every odd
case that may have happened among the Quakers, so called: for
there have conversed among them such who acted some particular
things that were not approved of by those of that society. And if any
one, swayed by human passion, commits any excess which is
disapproved of by his fellow members of the church, such an act
may not be duly imputed to the people he makes profession with.
Among such particulars may be reckoned the case of one Hester
Biddle, which Croese makes mention of about the end of his history.
For though it was told him from the relation she gave of it at
Amsterdam, not with any intention that he should publish it, yet this
was a particular case which she herself must be responsible for;
since experience hath taught that imagination sometimes works so
powerfully on the mind, that one thinks himself obliged to do a thing
which were better left undone.
Yet for all that, it is true, that men fearing God, may mistake, and
through ignorance do something, which others not without reason
might judge not commendable. Also it may happen that some again,
from a godly fear, have omitted what others, no less pious, would
not have scrupled. And though some among the Quakers, in the
beginning of their rise, for fear of transgressing Christ’s command,
“Be not ye called Rabbi, for one is your Master, even Christ,”
speaking to persons in authority, called them by the name of Friend;
yet others of the same persuasion have not therefore thought
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