VOCAB TASK 1

CHART ( show -> overall -> nxet biểu đồ)

Chiếm: occupied/account for/consisted of/contained/comprise + %
Tăng: increase/rise/grow/go up/climb/rocket
Tăng nhanh: soar/leap/jump
Giảm: go down/decrease/reduce/decline/drop/fall/fall down/diminish
Giảm mạnh: plunge/slump/dive/plummet/dip
Tăng giảm bất thường: fluctuate/vary/wave/oscillate
Ổn định: remain/stay stable/stay unchanged/stabilize/to be unchanged
Đạt đỉnh: reach a peak/reach the highest point/hit the highest point
Xu hướng tăng: upward trend – Xu hướng giảm: downward trend
Miêu tả tốc độ
- Thay đổi đáng kể, nhiều, nhanh:
dramatically/sharply/enormously/substantially/considerably/significantly/rapidly/
tremendously/remarkably/noticeably/moderately
- Thay đổi bình thường, ổn định: constantly/progressively
- Thay đổi ít, ko đáng kể: slightly/marginally/minimally/steadily/slowly/gradually
Show = represent = illustrate = reveal = depict = describe = give information
The figure = the number = the amount
The rate = the percentage = the proportion
In general, = overall = generally
In case of = in terms of = regarding…for
We can see that = It can be clearly seen that = it is interesting to note that = The
initial impression from the chart
Soar more than double: tăng hơn 2 lần
Mark a noticeable + N: đánh dấu một điều gì đó đáng chú ý
An overwhelming figure: một con số áp đảo
Looking at the detail, As it is presented in (bắt đầu vào BODY)
Respectively: tương ứng
MAP
Mở rộng: expanded/enlarged/extended/developed/made bigger
Chuyển đổi: demolished/knocked down/pulled down/removed/torn down
Cắt cây: cleared/cut down/chopped down
Thêm vào: constructed/build/erected/added/planted (Tree)/opened up/set up (facilities)
Thay đổi: converted/redeveloped/replaced/made into/renovated/relocated
PROCESS
MỞ BÀI: The diagram shows/describes/illustrates…
OVERVIEW: Overall/In general, there are...main steps/stages in the process of…
beginning with… and ending with
The…involves…main steps/stages beginning with…and finishing with…
BODY: To begin with/in the first step/at the first step of… -> at the following
stage/following that/following by/the second step is that/in the next step/after that -> the
process continues with/then
Nếu các step diễn ra cùng lúc: at the same time/while/thereby
END: The last step/the process finishes with/the process concludes with

TASK 1
BAR CHART: CAM 12 TEST 5 TASK 1
The bar chart compares the proportions of Australian in both genders and various age
groups who exercise regularly in 2010
Overall, higher percentages of females did physical activities than males in that year.
While the participation of 15-to-24-year-old males in this sport was highest among six
age brackets, the largest figure for females was recorded in the 45 to 54 age group.
Regarding people aged 15 to 24, 52.5% of males took up regular physical activities in
2010, 5.1% higher than that of females. Turning to the two remaining groups, 48.9%
of females at the age between 25 to 34 exercised on a regular basis, whereas the figure
for the opposite sex in the same age group was only 42.2%. While the former decreased
with age to 39.5% when they reached 38 to 44 years old, the latter showed a marginal
increase to 52.5%
When people grew older, taking physical activities became quite popular among females,
attracting about 53% of people in the 45 to 54 and 55 to 64 age groups. The figures for
males were much lower, at 43.1% and 45.1% respectively (tuong ung). A striking
feature is the participation of males and females aged 65 and over was nearly equal, at a
rough 47% each
Proportion = percentage
Age bracket = age group
The former… the latter: cai nhac trc, cai nhac sau
Marginal: small and not important
Striking: interesting and unusual enough to attract attention (dang chu y)
MAP: CAM 12 TEST 6 TASK 1
The diagrams illustrate some proposed changes to the central area of the town of Islip
It is clear that the principal change to the town will be the construction of the ring road
around the center. Various other developments with regard to shops and housing will
accompany the building of this road
Looking at the map of Islip as it is now, we can see that the main road runs through its
center from east to west. The second map shows the planned pedestrianization of this
road. Traffic will be diverted onto a dual carriageway that will form a ring around the
town center
Currently, there is a row of shops along either side of the main road. However, it
appears that the shops along the north side of the new pedestrian street will be
demolished to make way for us a bus station, shopping center, car park, and new housing
area. The shops along the south side of the street will remain, but it seems that the town’s
park will be reduced in size so that more new houses can be built within the ring road
Propose = suggest a plan/idea for pp to think about and decide on (đề xuất)
Principal = main
With regard to = in regard to: Liên quan đến, về mặt nào đó
Accompany: đi kèm, đi cùng
Pedestrianization: the process of making a street or part of a town into an area that
is only for people who are walking, not for vehicles
diverted onto: make sb/sth change direction (chuyển hướng)
along: dọc theo
demolish: knock down a building, destroy sth
PROCESS: CAM 12 TEST 8 TASK 1
The diagram describes the operation of a geothermal power plant to generate
electricity.
Overall, there are five main steps in the procedure of generating electricity in this plant,
starting with pumping cold water into the ground and ending with transferring power to
users
The production of Earth’s internal thermal energy initiates by pumping cold water down
to a geothermal zone at 4.5km under the ground through an injection well. In this hot
reservoir, water temperature increases quickly because of hot rocks playing the role of
the heat source, then high-temperature water is pumped up to the surface via a production
well, constructed on the opposite side from the first one, into a condenser placed on the
ground
At the fourth step of the process, the steam vaporizes from the condenser rotates a
turbine, which operates the generator to produce electricity. Finally, the resulting power
is transmitted to an electricity national grid for distribution
Generate electricity = produce electricity
Initiate: make sth begin
Reservoir: a natural or artificial lake where water is stored be4 it is taken by pipes
to houses (hồ chứa)
Vaporize: to turn into gas (bốc hơi)
Electricity national grid: mạng lưới điện quốc gia
TWO MAPS: CAM 13 TEST 1 TASK 1
The two maps depict different ways to approach a city hospital in two years, 2007 and
2010
Overall, after only three years, this city hospital was more approachable to patients.
Besides changing road design with more roundabouts, there were more facilitators of
access to this site, including a closer bus station and separate car parks
In 2007, this hospital was circled by a ring road, which reduced traffic. The first way for
the public to reach the city hospital was by bus because a bus stop was located on each
side of Hospital Road, within a walking distance. For those who moved by private
transport, they could enter City Road, turn into Hospital Road, which was sheltered by
two ranges of bus stops, and park before entering
Three years later, the bus station was relocated to the southwestern corner, with two
narrow roads leading to two roundabouts – one was at the intersection between city road
and hospital road and the other was right before the hospital entrance. Another
roundabout was constructed in the old bus stop’s position. The staff of the hospital was
able to park at the existing car park, but the public had to park at a new car park erected
on the right side
Depict = show = describe
Shelter: che chắn
Erect: xây dựng
PIE CHART – 2 PIE: CAM 11 TEST 2 TASK 1
The two pie charts compare the percentage of British students in a university who could
communicate in different languages in two years, 2000 and 2010.
Overall, students in this university who were able to speak English only accounted
for the highest proportion. Furthermore, the percentage of British students who
were multilingual increased after 10 years
In 2000, 30% of students were capable of using the mother tongue only, followed by 20%
who could speak Spanish. The percentages of students using French or another language
were equal, at 15%, while 10% of participants could interact in French or two other
languages.
After a decade, English-speaking students still dominated in this school, with 35% of
them using this language only, compared to a rise of 5% in the proportions of another or
two other language speakers. French and Spanish users, however, occupied lower
percentages in 2010, with their figures declining by 5% each. Only the percentage of
German speakers stayed static over time
Dominated: chiem so luong lon
LINE GRAPH
The line chart illustrates the amount of oil produced and consumed in China over the 24-
year course from 1982 to 2006
The initial impression from the chart is that China generally consumed more oil than it
could actually produce over the given period. It is also clear that both figures experienced
overall increases, despite the fact that oil production underwent around 8 years of
stability
In 1982 around 1.8 million oil barrels were consumed and 2 million were produced. Over
the next 12 years, whilst oil production rose gradually to 3 million in 1986 and
subsequently stagnated at this point until 1994, oil consumption underwent a steady
rise, with its figure increasing to 3.5 million in 1994
From this point onwards, the amount of oil produced maintained its upward streak,
albeit at a moderate level, and eventually, it reached its high of 3.8 million in 2006. The
figure for oil consumed, meanwhile, surged with an exponential gradient, making a
more than two-fold leap in the last year alone, by which time it had reached almost 6.1
million barrels, relatively higher compared to the figure for oil production
subsequently stagnated at this point: sau đó bị đình trệ ở thời điểm này
undergo: trải qua
From this point onwards: từ thời điểm này trở đi
upward streak: đi lên
albeit at a moderate level: mặc dù ở mức độ vừa phải
two-fold leap: bước nhảy vọt 2 lần
MIX: CAM 15 TEST 4 TASK 1
The pie chart shows the career paths of graduates with Anthropology degrees, and the
table shows the salaries of anthropologists after five years of employment
Overall, most of the graduates found full-time employment, and the highest proportion of
the top-earning anthropologists worked for the government
The pie chart illustrates that a little over half of the graduates were in full-time
employment, followed at quite a distance, by part-time employment at 15% and
unemployment at 12%. Those in postgraduate studies or unknown occupations accounted
for 8%, respectively. The fewest, at only 5%, each, were those doing both part-time work
and postgraduate study
The table reveals that graduates working in private businesses have the lowest salaries as
almost half were earning salaries from $25-74,999, 25% received $75-99,999, and only
30% were being paid over $100,000. Both freelancers and government employees had
5% earning $25,000-49,999, 15% making $50-74,999 and then the other 80% on salaries
of $75,000 to over $100,000
TABLE – 2 BẢNG: CAM 10 TEST 2 TASK 1
The tables compare the amounts of money gained from selling coffee and bananas in two
years, 1999 and 2004 in five countries in Europe.
Overall, sales of those goods mostly increased between two years, except for the figures
for bananas in Sweden and Denmark. The UK earned more money from both coffee and
bananas than any other country in 2004.
Looking at coffee’s turnover, Switzerland earned 3 million euros from selling this
commodity in 1999, followed by around 1.5 and 1.8 million euros in the UK and
Denmark respectively. The lowest figure was recorded in Sweden at that time, with 0.8
million euros. After five years, the UK became the biggest earner from purchasing coffee,
with its figure reaching 20 million euros. The other data climbed by about 0.2 to 3 million
euros only.
Regarding bananas’ sales, the UK always ranked top, recording 15 million euros in 1999
which rose threefold after five years. Switzerland and Belgium also experienced growth
in their sales, to 5.5 and 4 respectively, but the opposite was true for Sweden and
Denmark whose figures decreased by about 1 million euros over the period.

VOCAB TASK 2
Some people think:
- It is widely believed that
- Many argue that
- A considerable number of individuals assert that
- It is a common perception that
In conclusion:
- In summation
- To conclude, it can be stated that
- To bring this to a close, it is evident that
There are many advantages
 - A myriad of benefits can be observed in
- There exists a multitude of advantages associated with
- The numerous merits of … cannot be overstated
Is the cornerstone of = is fundamental to : là nền tảng của
Get accustomed to sth = get used to = adapt to : quen với cái gì
Get a clear perspective of : có cái nhìn rõ ràng về …
Assume the responsibility for : đảm nhận trách nhiệm cho …
Acquire knowledge/skills: thu nhận kiến thức/kỹ năng
Strike a balance between A and B: duy trì sự cân bằng giữa A và B
Strengthen family ties: tăng cường tình cảm gia đình
Is accompanied with: đi kèm với
Be confronted with sth: đối mặt với …
Sth impels sb to: thúc đẩy ai đó làm gì
Is the root cause of: là nguyên nhân gốc rẽ của…
Run contrary to: trái ngược với
Be vulnerable to: dễ bị tổn thương bởi
Has a profound impact on: có một tác động sâu sắc lên

TASK 2
ADVANTAGES OR DISADVANTAGES
Opening:
- Paraphase
- In this essay, I would evaluate both the pros and cons before proposing whether or
not the positive aspects outweigh their drawbacks
Body 1: On the one hand, it can be said that … has some noteworthy positive effects.
 - The first significant merit of … is that …
- For instance, … (lay vi du cho uu diem tren)
- An additional strong point of … would be…
Body 2: On the other hand, despite the aforementioned benefits, several drawbacks do
exist.
- The serious disadvantage of … is…
- One additional disadvantage of … would be …
- Lay vi du
Conclusion:
- In conclusion, after assessing both the positive and negative implications of the
measure that … I think that the benefits outweigh the negative aspects.

1. In some countries, there has been an increase in the number of parents who
are choosing to educate their children themselves at home instead of sending
them school. Do advantages of home education outweigh the disadvantages?
Advantages:
- Chủ động nuôi dưỡng con cái theo cách mình muốn
- Kiểm soát được những thứ họ dạy để tránh con cái tiếp cận với những nội
dung tiêu cực
Disadvantages:
- Không có môi trường phù hợp để phát triển
- Không có cơ hội để tiếp xúc, phát triển mối quan hệ
In certain nations, many parents tend to prefer to educate their children at home rather
than enrolling them in traditional schools. In this essay, I would evaluate both the pros
and cons before proposing whether or not the positive aspects outweigh their drawback.
On the one hand, it can be said that homeschooling has some noteworthy positive effects.
The first significant merit of educating their children themselves at home is that parents
can nurture their youngsters in the way they believe is best. For instance, a parent who
loves science can create lessons that include fun experiments, helping their child
comprehend the subject better. An additional advantage of homeschooling is that children
are protected from various harmful influences.
Despite these aforementioned benefits, several drawbacks do exist. The serious
disadvantage of homeschooling is that children may not have an environment suitable for
developing different aspects of their personality and perspectives. Additionally, being
educated at home limits their opportunities to interact with peers from diverse
backgrounds and grow their networking skills, which can have a significant impact on
their future. Children educated at home might miss out on crucial social experiences,
such as participating in team sports or school clubs, which help develop teamwork and
communication skills.
In conclusion, after assessing both the positive and negative implications of the measure
that the increasing number of parents who decide to educate their kids at home in lieu of
enlisting them in schools. I think that the drawbacks outweigh the positive aspects. While
homeschooling allows for personalized education and protection from negative
influences, it limits social interactions and essential developmental experiences.
2. Some people think that we should invent a new language for international
communication. Will the benefits of this outweigh the problems associated
with it?
Advantages:
- Dễ dàng giao tiếp với mọi người đến từ những quốc gia khác nhau, khônh
phải lo sợ mỗi khi phải giao tiếp với người nước ngoài
- Mở rộng cơ hội hợp tác quốc tế, những quốc gia hàng xóm có thể tìm được
tiếng nói chung dễ dàng hơn và giảm thiểu sự căng thẳng giữa họ
Disadvantages:
- Tốn thời gian để học ngôn ngữ mới, đặc biệt đối với nguời già, tốn ngân sách
để phát triểm thêm một ngôn ngữ mới
- Sự tuyệt chủng về ngôn ngữ, khi ngôn ngữ mới được sử dụng phổ biến ở một
đất nước nào đó, thì sự biến mất của ngôn ngữ mẹ để là điều không thể tránh
khỏi
A considerable number of individuals assert that a new language should be yielded for
global communication. In this essay, I would evaluate both the pros and cons before
proposing whether or not the positive aspects outweigh their drawbacks.
On the one hand, it can be said that creating a new language has some noteworthy
positive effects. The first significant merit of developing a new language is that people
can communicate easily without any language barrier. For instance, Vietnamese people
are constantly afraid of speaking foreign language with citizen from another countries.
However, with the development of a completely novel language system for international
communication, they would be able to interact freely with people from around the world.
An additional strong point of a new language is that the global cooperation will improve.
The tension between the neighboring nations may diminish, making it easier for these
countries to find common ground on important issues such as territorial disputes.
(=agreement)
On the other hand, despite the aforementioned benefits, several drawbacks do exist. First,
learning new language can be time-consuming. It typically takes a minimum of three
months to communicate at a basic level, especially for older individuals, who often
require more time to learn than younger generation. Additionally, creating a new
language could has negatively impact on the preservation of mother tongue. If citizens in
a country prefer to utilize the new language in lieu of native language, the decline of their
heritage language is inevitable.
In conclusion, after assessing both the positive and negative implications of the measure
that people need to create a new language for international communication. I believe that
the drawbacks outweigh the positive effects. While developing a new language allows
people to communicate across the globe without any barriers, it also has a negative
impact on preserving the beauty of each nation’s heritage language.
3. More and more tasks we do at home and at work these days are done by
robots. Is this a positive or negative development?
Advantages:
- At home: robot làm việc nhà sẽ tăng thời gian được nghỉ ngơi, được quây quần
bên gia đình
- At work: giảm áp lực công việc, robot sẽ như một người đồng nghiệp có thể giúp
bạn san sẻ khối lượng công việc
Disadvantages:
- Làm việc nhà cũng là một cách để vận động giúp nâng cao sức khoẻ. Nếu để robot
tác động quá nhiều vào việc làm việc nhà -> dần ỷ lại, thụ động, lười biếng
- Trong công việc, nếu công việc được làm bởi robot quá nhiều, thì sẽ trở nên thiếu
sáng tạo, thiếu năng suất và không có động lực để thăng tiến và phát triển sự
nghiệp
A considerable number of individuals assert that there is a growing trend in which
robots are helping human with housework and tasks at work. In this essay, I would
evaluate the pros and cons before proposing whether it is a positive aspect or a
significant drawback.
On the one hand, it can be said that the assistance of artificial equipment has some
noteworthy positive effect. The first significant merit of robot assistance is that
humans will not only have more time to relax after a long week, but they will ale to
spend time with their family in lieu of being buried in a pile of documents. For
instance, instead of holding the mop and cleaning the floor, a vacuum cleaner can
handle that task. Another strong point of having robots support work is that the
employees’ workloads will be reduced People can see the robot as artificial
intelligence colleagues with whom they can share their heavy workload.
On the other hand, despite the aforementioned benefits, several drawbacks do exist.
First, doing housework is a good way to stay fit and improve health. When people
depend too much on robot assistance, they tend to become passive and lazy, which
negatively impact their physical and mental well-being. If households use robotic
vacuum cleaners, family members might stop being interested in physical chores like
sweeping or gardening. Over time, this reduction in activity can lead to weight gain
and related cardiovascular. Additionally, in the workplace, if the labor force relies
heavily on robotic equipment, they may struggle to be productive and creative enough
to excel in their professions. Human may lose motivation to improve and advance
their promotion ladder. For example, nowadays, many Vietnamese students rely too
much on Chat GPT instead of completing their assignments independently. This
reliance can lead to dependence on artificial intelligence, which has a serious
drawback for their education and their cognitive development.
In conclusion, after assessing both positive and negative implications of the increasing
reliance on robots to perform tasks instead of humans doing themselves, I believe that
the drawbacks outweigh the positive aspects. While relying on robotic assistance can
provide more spare time to unwind and reduce stress, it also have negative impacts
human’s productivity and creativity.

4. In some cities, public parks and open spaces are being changed into gardens
where local residents can grow their own fruit and vegatables. Do the
advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
 5. *Differences between countries are becoming less evident. Nowadays people
are watching the same films, fashion, brands, advertisements and TV
channels. To what extent do the disadvantages of this outweigh the
advantages.
6. With growing number of population in cities, many people are living in small
homes that don't have outdoor spaces. Is this a positive or negative
development?
7. In many cities, planners tend to arrange shops, schools, offices and homes in
specific areas and separate them from each other. Do you think the
advantages of this policy outweigh the disadvantage?
8. *In the past, knowledge was stored in boos. Today, people stored knowledge
on the internet. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantage?
9. *In some countries, it is illegal for companies to reject job applicants for their
age. Is this a positive or negative development?

10. At the present time, the population of some countries includes a relatively
large number of young adults, compared with the number of older people. Do
the advantages of this situation outweigh the disadvantages?
It is well known that some countries have a population with more young people than old
people. Even this fact could have both advantages and disadvantages. In my opinion, the
positive implications of having a youthful population outweigh the negative ones. This
essay will discuss the advantages and disadvantages, giving examples to support both
points of view
On the one hand, it is undeniable that a society with a large number of young people
might embody many disadvantages. A profound lack of experience in work and life is a
serious consequence of this issue. The young are not often furnished with enough
essential soft skills to have adaptability as the old, so the ability to resolve problems is
not as flexible as senior citizens. Also, the young population can be considered to be the
main reason why the proliferation of social evils and youth-related crimes. Evidence
suggests many young people have a superficial understanding in terms of matters in
life and most of them have an appetite for showing themselves in a negative way.
Therefore, their society might endure a high incidence of social problems such as
crimes of murders, sex, and robbery
On the other hand, a society with many young people may take advantage of this
situation’s benefits. Initially, almost all the juvenile people these days have the
enthusiasm and they are open-minded about many issues. This is because they are willing
to embrace new ideas, and have forayed into new challenges in lieu of erring on the
side of caution when facing them. Besides, the creativity of the juvenile generation is
directly proportional to their success in their careers and their contribution to the
community. This helps pave the way for the rejuvenation of pivotal fields in a modern
society like the economy, science, technology, and intellectual properties
In conclusion, for the reason mentioned above, it is worthwhile to consider that the
young population is more beneficial than the aging population
Embody = contain: bao gồm
Furnish with sth: trang bị cái gì đó
Senior citizens = the old people
The proliferation of sth: sự gia tăng của
A superficial understanding: sự hiểu biết nông cạn
Have an appetite for sth = have a desire for sth/to V: có niềm đam mê vs cái gì đó
Endure = suffer
High incidence of sth: tỷ lệ cao của
Juvenile = young people
Embrace = đón nhận
Have foray into sth: thử sức
In lieu of = instead of
Err on the side of caution: quá cẩn thận thay vì nên chấp nhận rủi ro
Be directly proportional to: có tỷ lệ trực tiếp đến
Pave the way for sth: mở đường cho
Rejuvenation: sự trẻ hóa
Intellectual property: sở hữu trí tuệ
It is worthwhile (đáng giá)
AGREE OR DISAGREE:
Opening:
- Paraphase
- From my point of view, I partly agree with this suggestion based on some major
reasons that are explained in this essay.
Body 1: On the one hand, there are some persuasive rationales that support the claim that
…
Body 2 : On the other hand, there are several arguments against the statement that…
Conclusion:
- In conclusion, the facts mentioned above have created a dilemma for those
evaluating the impact of this issue, making it a controversial topic.
- From my perspective, both positive and negative impacts exist, and people should
consider this matter further.

1. *Some people say in order to prevent illness and disease, governments should
focus on reducing environmental pollution and housing problems. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
Agree: tập trung vào giảm ô nhiễm môi truờng và vấn đề nhà ở cũng có ánh hưởng
tích cực đến việc giảm thiểu và ngăn ngưag dịch bệnh. Ví dụ: giảm ô nhiễm môi
truờng, không khí sạch, có ích cho người bị lao phổi. vấn đề nhà ở giảm, cũng giảm
việc nhập cư và gia tăng dân số, vì vây tỉ lệ nhiễm bệnh cũng sẽ giảm
Disagree: thay vì tập trung quá nhiều vào 2 vấn đề này, thì nên tập trung hơn vào
phát triển y tế, tăng cường ý thức của người dân về ảnh hưởng của con người đến
môi trường nếu muốn tập trung vào bảo vệ môi trường vì nguyên nhân gốc rẽ của
việc ô nhiễm là do con người.
It is widely believed that government should focus on diminishing environmental
pollution and housing problems. From my point of view, I partly agree with this
suggestion based on some major reasons that are explained in this essay.
On the one hand, there are some persuasive rationales that support the claim that
decreasing environmental damage and housing issues can protect human health. First,
focusing on reducing air pollution and dwelling problems can positively impact the
prevention of health disorders. For instance, when the environment has fresh air, it
benefits individuals with lung disorders. Additionally, the reduction of housing issues has
a positive impact on human. The decline of housing problems may reduce immigration
and population growth, which can lead to a lower infection rate.
On the other hand, there are some several arguments against the statement of focusing on
reducing the habitat damages and housing problems. In lieu of concentrating solely on
these issues, the government should focus on developing the medical facilities and
investing more in medical equipment. While it is undeniable that protecting the
environment is a crucial for preventing further destruction of our planet, raising public
awareness is also important, as humans are often the root cause of pollution. People need
to be more conscious of environmental damage if they want to contribute to saving the
earth.
In conclusion, the facts mentioned above have created a dilemma for people evaluating
the impact of this issue, making it a controversial topic. From my perspective, both
positive and negative impacts exist, and people should consider this matter further.

2. Students should pay the full cost for their own study, because university
education benefits individuals rather than society. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
Disagree:
- Hỗ trợ tài chính, học phí -> đến trường nhiều hơn, được học hỏi và trau dồi
cả về học thức lẫn đạo đức -> cơ hội tốt để dễ dàng kiếm việc làm -> giảm tỉ lệ
thất nghiệp -> giảm tỉ lệ tội phạm vì vô học và thất nghiệp là nguyên nhân gốc
rễ của tệ nạn
- Hỗ trợ học phí giúp sinh viên cos thêm động lực, nỗ lực để phát triển , có
thêm nhiều thời gian để học thay vì lo lắng làm soa để cân bằng giữa việc làm
thêm và việc học. đối với những sinh viên khó khăn, hỗ trợ tài chính chính là
một cơ hội vàng để con đường tương lai của họ được rộng mở hơn, và họ có
thể dễ dàng tiếp cận vào con đường học thức
It is believed that students have to cover all expenses for their education as the university
brings about advantages to the students rather than benefiting society as a whole. From
my point of view, I totally disagree with this suggestion based one some major reasons
that are explained in this essay.
There are several arguments against this statement that students should bear the burden
of their tuition fee. Firstly, when the student financial aid is provided, many
undergraduates gain access to higher education. As a result, they will have a better
chance for seeking a job, leading to a lower unemployment rate. It is undenied that the
root cause of crime is a lack of employment opportunities. The lower the unemployment
level, the higher the overall social safety.
Secondly, if universities share the responsibility of covering some expenses, students are
likely to feel more passionate, productive and motivated to broaden their horizons and
pursue their dreams. Many underprivileged students have to take on part-time jobs to pay
for their tuition, which creates a struggle to balance between earning money with their
studies. Receiving scholarships or financial aid from universities is a golden opportunity
for students from disadvantaged backgrounds, allow them to access higher education.
In conclusion, the facts mentioned above have created a dilemma for people evaluating
the impacts of this issue, making it a controversial topic. From my perspective, providing
subsidies for higher education not benefits students but also has positive effect on society
by decreasing criminal activity and increasing student participation in voluntary work.

1. The tendency that news is reposted in media focus on problems and

emergencies rather than on positive developments is harmful for individuals
and the society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

2. For many people, the reason they work hard is to earn money. To what extent
do you agree or disagree?
3. Too much emphasis is given for education of the young. More government
money should be spent to free time activity of young people. To what extent
do you agree or disagree?
4. Space exploration is too expensive and money should be spent on more
important things. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
5. It is a good idea for people to continue working in their old age, if it is
possible for them to do so. Do you agree or disagree?
6. *Many people believe that the best way to produce a happier society is to
ensure that there are only small differences in earning between the richest
and the poorest members. To what extent do you agree or disgree?
7. The values that we learn from our parents and family have greater influence
on our future success than knowledge and skills we learn at school. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
8. Group or team activities can teach more important skills for life than those
activities which are done alone. Do you agree or disagree?
9. Some people think that it will be one of the best ways to solve the
environment problems to increase the cost of fuel for cars and other vehicles.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
10. *The only way to improve safety in our roads is to give stricter punishment
for driving offenses. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
11. Some people say that a lot of scientific research done today is a waste of time
and money. To what extent do you agree disagree?
12. Some people think that the modern communication technology is having a
negative effect on a social relationship. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
13. *Full-time students should spend a lot of time on studies, but they should be
involved in other activities too. To what extend do you agree or disagree?
14. *Differences between countries are becoming less evident. Nowadays peoples
are watching the same films, brands, advertisements, and TV channels. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
15. Art classes, such as painting and drawing, as important to child’s
development as other subjects, so it should be compulsory in high schools. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
16. Some people think it is more important to spend money on roads and
motorways than on public transport systems such as railways and trams. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
17. Some people think that the main purpose of schools is to turn children into
good citizens and workers, rather to benefit them as individuals. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
18. *Governments should focus their spending on public services rather than on
the arts (eg. music and painting). To what extent do you agree or disagree?
19. *When asked to choose between a life without work and working most of the
time, people would always choose not to work. Do you agree or disagree with
this statement?
20. Some people say that all people should stay in full-time education until they
are at least 18 years old. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
21. Some people say that too much attention and too many resources are given to
protect wild animals and birds. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
22. Living in a country where you have to speak a foreign language can cause
serious social problems, as well as practical problems. To what extent do you
agree or disagree with this statement?
When it comes to dwelling in a country where we use a foreign language in place of our
mother tongue. Many people opine that this could be the reason for problems in terms of
both society and practicality. In my point of view, I subscribe to this opinion.
On the one hand, being a denizen of a foreign country could make us be in face of
practical adversities in communication. Indeed, evidence suggests that multilingual
communication has made us have trouble understanding indigenous people. This
could lead to a misunderstanding about certain matters in daily life and work. Besides,
the worst-case scenario could happen in respect of faux pas or socially acceptable
cultural norms in a foreign country where we are living. A good example of this practice
is in Israel, we must wash meat dished with a special sponge whilst in Canada or almost
all other countries, it is fine with a normal sponge.
On the other hand, some serious social problems we would suffer in an overseas country
seem to result from the foreign language we have to speak. In essence, we could have a
sense of isolation and inferiority when contacting our neighbors and colleagues, friends.
The aforementioned language barrier might make it difficult for us to engage in activities
as a means of fitting in a new community and being on intimate terms with its
members. Moreover, once living in that country, we are liable to contribute to
establishing a cosmopolitan community, which could cause serious troubles.
Specifically, discrimination on the grounds of race and culture is inevitable for both
foreign students and workers in the host country.
For the reason mentioned above, I concur with the opinion that dwelling in a country
where we have to speak another tongue could be the reason for some social and practical
problems.
In place of = in stead of= in lieu of
Dwell: ở, trú ngụ
Opine: phát biểu ý kiến
Denizen = citizen = resident = inhabitant
Adversity = difficulty = trouble = circumstance
Multilingual communication: giao tiếp đa ngôn ngữ
Have trouble = have difficulty in
Indigenous people = native = local people
Faux pas: tình huống hiểu lầm do khác biệt về văn hóa, tín ngưỡng
In essence: cần thiết nhất
Sense of isolation and inferiority: cảm giác cô lập và tự ti
Engage in = take part in = join in = attend = partake in = participate in
A means/ medium/ways of
On intimate terms with sb = have/be in harmony with sb
Be liable to = be likely to
Cosmopolitan community: cộng đồng đa văn hóa
The discrimination on the grounds of: sự phân biệt đối xử trên cơ sở…
Concur with = agree with

DISCUSSION
Opening:
- It is widely believed that … while many argue that …
- Although both schools of thought offer merit, I agree more with the view that +
your view.
Body 1: On the one hand, there are some persuasive rationales that support the claim that
…
Body 2: On the other hand, …
Conclusion:
- In conclusion, the facts mentioned above have created a dilemma for those
evaluating the impact of this issue, making it a controversial topic.
- From my perspective, I put more highlight on the idea that …

1. Some people think that success in life comes from hard work and
determination, while others think that there are more important factors such
as money and appearance. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
 - Chăm chỉ và nỗ lực: một số cá nhân kém may mắn vẫn đạt được mục đích
nhờ sự chăm chỉ và cố gắng theo đuổi ước mơ. Thành công hiếm khi ddến dễ
dàng với những người lười biếng và không kiên trì. Người làm việc chăm chỉ
và kiên trì có thể tíhc luỹ được nhiều kỹ năng và kinh nghiệm, giúp con
đường nghề nghiệp trở nên thăng tiến hơn. Những người chăm chỉ và kiên trì
có thể thành công ở bất cứ lĩnh vực nào miễn là lĩnh vực họ đam mê theo
đuổi.
- Tiền tài và ngoại hình: một số công việc đặc thù như thư ký, lễ tân thường có
yêu cầu về ngoại hình. Đặc biệt, ngoại hình rất quan trọng với những cá nhân
hoạt động trong lĩnh vực nghệ thuật, sân khấu. Nếu một cô ca sĩ hoặc người
mẫu có vẻ ngoài thu hút, cô ấy có thể thu hút thêm rất nhiều sự chú ý từ
người hâm mộ và khán giả và dễ dàng đạt được thăng tiến trong sự nghiệp .
Những người sinh ra có nền tảng gia đình khá giả thì con đường sự nghiệp sẽ
dễ dàng hơn, họ có thể tự mở donah nghiệp mà không cần vay nợ ngân hàng.

It is widely believed that a resilient mindset and determination are the two aspects that
lead to the success in life. While many argue there are more essential elements which
help human become successful in life such as financial stability and having an attractive
appearance. Although both schools of thought offer merit, I agree more with the view that
hard work and determination are more significant to become successful.

On the one hand, there are some persuasive rationales that support the claim that financial
stability and appearance are two key elements that mainly contribute to individual
success. Some specific job such as secretaries, receptionists, and especially people who
work in the entertainment business, often have a high requirement about outlook
attractiveness. For instance, if a female singer has a stunning look, she will attract more
audiences, which helps her enhance status in the industry and widen her career path with
ease. Additionally, some individuals were born in a wealthy family that has a stable
financial background, they can start their own business without borrowing money from
the bank. It is undeniable that having adequate capital is always better for entrepreneur.
Thus, having a huge amount of money and a gorgeous appearance may be beneficial for a
person’s career.

On the other hand, others argue that hard work and determination are two irreplaceable
elements on the journey to a successful life because the success are less likely to come to
idle individuals easily. With determination and diligence, everyone can achieve their
dream job, develop their career ladder and also help them build up knowledge and skills
in the field they pursue. If an underprivileged individual has enough determination and
diligence, it is undoubtedly that she will overcome most of her challenges in her
professional life and achieve goal regardless of appearance and financial status.
Particularly, Ha Lade is a renowned influencer on Tiktok platform who has carried many
successful items in the fashion industry, started her business with limited savings at
home. Therefore, she become well-off due to her determination and excellent strategies in
sales and marketing.

In conclusion, the facts mentioned above created a dilemma for people evaluating the
impact of this issue, making it a controversial topic. From my perspective, I put more
highlight on the idea that hard work and determination are two most important traits that
help people achieve success in life.

- With ease: một cách dễ dàng

2. Some people say that what individuals do to protect cannot make difference,
others say that individuals can protect environment Discuss both these views
and give your own opinion.
- View 1: vấn đề môi trường như nóng lên toàn cầu, băng tan, ô nhiễm hay thậm chí
là tuyệt chủng giống loài là những vấn đề mang tính chất toàn cầu và chúng thật sự
là những thử thách rất lớn nếu con người muốn bảo vệ trái đất loài người an toàn.
Bởi vì việc bảo vệ môi trường này yêu cầu rất nhiều máy móc đặc biệt, những
thiết bị công nghệ và thậm chí cả những quy định, chính sách về môi trường và đó
là nhiệm vụ của chính quyền nhà nước. ví dụ như, phải tốn rất nhiều thế kỉ để các
nhà khoa học phân tích và tìm ra vấn đề và nghĩ ra những bước hiệu quả để đối
mặt với những vấn đề đó. Vì vậy, mọi người thường nghĩ bảo vệ môi trường
không phải nhiệm vụ của mình và để mặc nó cho chính quyền giải quyết thảm hoạ
đó
- View 2: hành động của mỗi cá nhân có thể tạo nên sự khác biệt trong việc bảo vệ
môi trường. Nếu những hành động nhỏ được góp nhặt bởi nhiều người, thì những
thay đổi tích cực sẽ sớm xảy ra. Ví dụ, mọi người bắt đầu sử dụng những sản phẩn
thân thiện với môi trường, hạn chế sử dụng túi nilong khi đi mua sắm thay vào đó
sử dụng những chiếc túi có thể tái sử dụng. Bởi vậy, những hành động của họ
không chỉ tạo nên sự thay đổi trong việc bảo vệ môi trường mà còn rèn luyện thói
quuen tiêu dùng bền vững
It is widely believed that protecting the earth’s environment is not a human’s
responsibility. While many argue that even a small action by individual can make a
positive contribution to environmental protection. Although both schools of thought
offer merit, I agree more with this view that individuals can protect environment.
On the one hand, there are persuasive rationales support that claim that what people
do to protect environment cannot make any differences. Environment issues, such as
global warming, deforestation, pollution or even extinction of species are worldwide
concern, these problems are extreme challenges for those people who want to save
their surroundings safe. Because the environmental protection is required specific
equipment, technology devices, even polices, regulations about environment and this
is a duty and responsibility of higher authorities. For instance, it takes many centuries
for scientists to seek and analyze the problem sources and take effective steps to cope
with these problems. Therefore, people constantly think that protecting environment is
not their duty and leave this issue for government to handle this disaster.
On the other hand, even a small action by individual can make a huge difference in
preventing earth from several disasters. If people join hands to take small actions to
protect the environment, positive changes are likely to be imminent. For example,
people start to use eco-friendly products, curb the nylon bag usage in lieu of using
recycled bags for shopping. Thus, these actions not only create positive impacts on
environmental protection, but also practice sustainable consumption habits to
everyone.
In conclusion, the facts mentioned above created a dilemma for people evaluating the
impacts of this issue, making it a controversial topic. From my perspective, I put more
highlight on the idea that everyone should take action immediately to protect
environment before it is too late. It’s better to take small but positive actions than to
do nothing at all.
3. Some people believe that it is important for parents to tell or read stories for
their children. Others think that parents don't have to do this because there
are many sources for children to read like books, TV and movies. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.

4. Some people believe that watching TV is bad for children, while others claim
it has positive effects for children as they grow up. Discuss both views and
give your own opinion.
 5. Some people think that children should start school at a very early age, but
others believe that children should NOT go to school until they are
older. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
6. Some people think that Olympic games are exciting events that bring other
nations together. Others say Olympics is a waste of money and the money
could be better spent on other things. Discuss both views and give your own
opinion.
7. Scientists agree that many people eat too much junk food and it is damaging
their health. Some people think that this problem can be solved by educating
people, while others believe that education will not work. Discuss both views
and give your own opinion.
8. Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a
successful career, while others believe that it is better to get a job straight
after school. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

9. Some people think that strict punishments for driving offenses are the key to
reducing traffic accidents. Others, however, believe that other measures
would be more effective in improving road safety. Discuss both these views
and give your own opinion.
People have differing views with regard to the question of how to make our roads safer.
In my view, both punishments and a range of other measures can be used together to
promote better driving habits.

On the one hand, strict punishments can certainly help to encourage people to drive
more safely. Penalties for dangerous drivers can act as a deterrent, meaning that people
avoid repeating the same offense. There are various types of driving penalties, such as
small fines, license suspension, driver awareness courses, and even prison sentences. The
aim of these punishments is to show dangerous drivers that their actions have negative
consequences. As a result, we would hope that drivers become more disciplined and alert
that they follow the rules more carefully.

On the other hand, I believe that safe driving can be promoted in several different ways
that do not punish drivers. Firstly, it is vitally important to educate people properly before
they start to drive, and this could be done in schools or even as part of an extended or
more difficult driving test. Secondly, more attention could be paid to safe road design.
For example, signs can be used to warn people, speed bumps and road bends can be
added to calm traffic, and speed cameras can help to deter people from driving too
quickly. Finally, governments or local councils could reduce road accidents by investing
in better public transport, which would mean that fewer people would need to travel by
car.

In conclusion, while punishments can help to prevent bad driving, I believe that other
road safety measures should also be introduced.

10. CAM 19 TEST 1: Some people think that competition at work, at school and
in daily life is a good thing. Others believe that we should try to cooperate
more, rather than competing against each other. Discuss both these views and
give your own opinion.

Some individuals are of the opinion that competition in the workplace, schools, and
everyday life is beneficial while others argue that fostering cooperation is more important
than competing with one another. Although both schools of thought have valid points, it
is crucial to weigh their merits and drawbacks before forming a definitive view.

On the one hand, there are some persuasive rationales that support the notion that
competition plays a vital role in environments such as workplaces and schools. In a
business setting, competition can boost workforce productivity to outperform their
colleagues and strive for rewards, recognition or faster promotion. In academic contexts,
students may push themselves harder to achieve higher grades, which also enhances their
overall learning. In daily life, competitive sports and games can improve both physical
fitness and mental sharpness.

On the other hand, collaboration in the workplace often results in more creative and
effective solutions, as diverse ideas are brought together and refined. Schools that
emphasize teamwork may help students develop essential soft skills that are crucial for
success in life. In everyday life, cooperation fosters a sense of community and ensures
resources are used more efficiently.

In conclusion, the above-mentioned facts have created a dilemma when evaluating the
impacts of this issue, and it is still a controversial matter. Personally, I place more
emphasis on the idea that a balance between competition and cooperation is essential.
While competition can drive excellence, the importance of working together cannot be
understated. Collaboration efforts often lead to more sustainable and meaningful success,
especially when combined with healthy competition.

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

Paragraph 1: Introduction

- Paraphase
- In this essay, I would explain the reasons leading to this tendency before
proposing some effective solutions

Paragraph 2: Problems: 2

- There are some major reasons that explain …

Paragraph 3: Solutions: 2

- Fortunately, several measures could be taken to prevent this problem.

- The first problem would be …
- A second measure would be …

Paragraph 4: Conclusion

- In conclusion, it is clear that there are various reasons for … and steps need to be
taken to tackle this problem

1. Nowadays, more and more people from different cities are spending more
time away from their families. What are the possible reasons and the effects
on the people themselves and their families?
2. Population in cities is growing rapidly. What are the effects of it? What
solutions can you give to maintain a good quality of life in urban areas?
3. In many countries, the number of animals and plants is declining. Why do
you think this is happening? How can this issue be solved?
4. Nowadays eating habits of people around the world are changing, causing
them many health problems including obesity. Why do people tend to eat so
badly? What can be done to improve their eating habits?
 5. In many countries, more and more people choose to buy imported food rather
than food produced locally. Why people buy imported food? What could be
done to encourage to buy local food?

6. The internet has transformed the way information is shared and consumed,
but it has also created problems that did not exist before. What are the most
serious problems associated with the internet and what solutions can you
suggest?

The foremost problem caused by sea levels creeping up is the flooding of peoples’
residences. Millions of people all over the world live in coastal areas and if the sea rises
by even a few feet, they will be inundated with water and lose their property. The shelter
is one of the most basic of human needs and widespread flooding would cause millions of
people to become homeless, not to mention losing all of their possessions. The
devastation brought about by this was clear for all to see during the 2011 Tsunami in
Japan, in which millions of people were displaced. Climate change is among the principal
dangers facing people this century and ocean levels are increasing dramatically. This
essay will first suggest that the biggest problem caused by this phenomenon is the
flooding of homes and then submit building flood protection as the most viable solution.

A possible solution to this problem would be to build flood barriers. Flood defenses, such
as dikes, dams, and floodgates, could be built along coasts and waterways, thereby
stopping the water from reaching populated areas. The Netherlands is one of the most
populated areas in the world and also one of the most vulnerable to flooding and they
have successfully employed various flood defense systems.

To conclude, stemming the rising tides caused by increasing global temperatures is one
of the foremost challenges we face and it will ultimately lead to many of the worlds’
cities being left underwater, but a possible solution could be to utilize flood prevention
techniques already used by countries like Holland. It is predicted that more and more
countries will be forced to take such measures to avoid a watery catastrophe.

2 PART QUESTIONS
Open:
- Paraphase
 - There are many reasons behind this phenomenon and I believe this brings more
harm than good to people/ brings more good than harm to people.

Body 1 (Trả lời câu hỏi thứ nhất)

 Topic sentence: Khái quát nội dung của đoạn

 Đưa ra idea 1
 Lập luận, chứng minh, phát triển idea 1.
 Đưa ra idea 2
 Lập luận, chứng minh, phát triển idea 2

Body 2 (Trả lời câu hỏi thứ hai)

 Topic sentence: Khái quát nội dung của đoạn

 Đưa ra idea 1
 Lập luận, chứng minh, phát triển idea 1.
 Đưa ra idea 2
 Lập luận, chứng minh, phát triển idea 2

In some countries, people spend long hours at work. Why does this happen? Is it a
positive or negative development?

Nowadays, working overtime is increasingly common for employees in many different

parts of the world. There are many reasons behind this phenomenon and I believe this
brings more harm than good to people.

There are two main reasons for the extension of working hours among people. Firstly,
people want to earn more money, which will satisfy their demand of affording their lives.
In this day and age, the living cost is much higher than before, not only in metropolises
but also in rural areas. This puts a large financial burden on employees, especially ones
who are the breadwinner in the family. As a result, people have to work extra hours to
feed themselves and their families, and also to increase their living standards. Secondly,
people have to cope with a heavy workload these days, which makes them spend long
hours at work. If people do not extend their working hours, they may not meet the
deadlines and be unable to finish given tasks, which prevents them from climbing the
career ladder.

Despite the benefits that this trend may bring to people, I believe it is negative due to
two major reasons. One is that it causes a lot of detrimental health effects when people
spend too much time working. Overworking gives people little time to rest, and if this
situation continues for a long time, it may cause some physical diseases relating to the
back, neck, eyes, and even heart. Moreover, dealing with a high volume of work
continuously also makes people suffer from mental problems such as stress, sleep
disorders, or even depression. Another negative impact of this trend is people cannot get
a work-life balance. Many people tend to spend more than half a day working, which
makes it impossible for them to spend enough time for themselves and their beloved ones
including family and friends. This leads to the fact that people may find no fun in life
because they have no time for family and their relationships are also likely to be broken.

In conclusion, the tendency of working extra hours is caused by the increasing living
expenses and overwhelming workload. Personally, I believe this brings more negative
impacts to individuals.

1. Today more and more people want things instantly (immediately) (e.g: goods,
service, news). Why is this? Is it positive or negative development?
2. In the past, people used to travel abroad to look for many differences from
their home country. Nowadays, cities throughout the world are becoming
more and more similar. What are the reasons? Do the advantages outweigh
the disadvantages?