Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Schools Division of Rizal
DON JOSE M. YNARES SR. MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

MODIFIED LEARNING PACKET (LeaP)

Week 3 WORK, POWER & ENERGY
Most Essential Learning Competencies:
1. explain energy transformation in various activities / events (e.g., waterfalls, archery, amusement rides)
2. perform activities to demonstrate conservation of mechanical energy.
3. infer that the total mechanical energy remains the same during any process.

What is Mechanical Energy?

Mechanical energy the sum of the kinetic and potential energy in a system.
Mechanical Energy = Kinetic Energy + Potential Energy
What is Potential Energy? Kinetic Energy?
Kinetic energy is energy possessed by a body by virtue of its movement. Potential energy is the
energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or state. While kinetic energy of an object is relative to
the state of other objects in its environment, potential energy is completely independent of its environment.
PE = mgh 𝒎𝒗𝟐
KE = ½ mv2 or KE = 𝟐
Where:
m = mass Where:
g = gravitational acceleration (9.8m/s2) m = mass (kg)
h = height v = velocity (m/s)
Different forms of Mechanical Energy
A. Potential Energy - energy at rest; also called stored energy

B. Kinetic Energy - energy in moving matter and wave

Below are some of the objects/activities that possess Potential Energy or Kinetic Energy:
Objects/Activities that have Potential Energy: Objects/Activities that have Kinetic Energy:
A mango fruit high up in a tree A mango falling down a tree
A large stick of dynamite An exploding dynamite
A set of double “A” batteries in a remote control A ball rolling down a hill
Standing on the stage Dancing on the stage
A stretched rubber band A stretched rubber band when released
Water behind the dam (stored water) A paper airplane flying through the air
A book on the table before it falls An asteroid falling towards the earth
A yoyo before it is released A swinging yoyo
Milk (chemical potential energy) Raindrop falling
LEARNING TASK 1: Identify if it has Kinetic Energy or Potential Energy.
1. a. The mango in the tree has __________ energy.
b. The mango falling in the tree has _________ energy.
2. a. unstretched rubber band has _________ energy.
b. stretched rubber band has_________ energy.
3. a. when you hold a yoyo in your hand, it has ________ energy.
b. once the yoyo is released, it has _________ energy.
4. a. when the roller coaster is at the top, it has _______ energy.
b. when the roller coaster moves downward, it has ______ energy.

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Conservation of Mechanical Energy
According to the principle of conservation of mechanical energy, the total mechanical
energy of a system is conserved i.e., the energy can neither be created nor be destroyed; it can
only be internally converted from one form to another if the forces doing work on the system are
conservative in nature. Consider the ice skater on a ramp. Answer the questions based on the figure
and the table.
POINT PE (J) KE (J) MET = PE + KE

A 50 000 J 0J 50,000 J

B 30,000 J 20,000 J 50,000 J

C 15,000 J 35,000 J 50,000 J

D 20,000 J 30,000 J 50 000 J

E 0J 50,000 50,000 J

Guided Questions and Answers:

1. At which point is the Potential Energy at its maximum? Answer: At Point A, the PE is at its
maximum due to its height or position.
2. Why is there zero Kinetic Energy at Point A? Answer: Because the skater is not moving yet.
3. As the skater starts to go down the ramp, what happens to the PE and KE? Answer: The
PE decreases since the height also decreases, while the KE increases since the skater is moving.
There is a loss in PE but a gain in KE. The PE is transformed to KE.
4. At what point is the PE at its minimum? Answer: At Point E, the PE is zero (minimum) since
the skater stopped moving and the (position) height is zero.
5. What happens to the PE and KE as the skater starts to go up the ramp? Answer: The PE
increases because of the increase in height, while the KE decreases because the skater slows
down. The KE is transformed to PE.
6. Is the principle of conservation of mechanical energy shown in the example? Answer: Yes.
Any loss of potential or kinetic energy will result into a gain in kinetic or potential energy. There is
no loss of energy in the system and energy is conserved. Therefore, the total mechanical energy
at any point is constant.

Consider the following problems:

1. A ball dropped from the top of building has a 2. The potential energy of a 4-kg rock on top of
mass of 2 kg and a potential energy of 400 J. a hill is 50 J. What is its velocity in m/s just
What is the approximate velocity (in m/s) of the before it hits the ground?
ball just before it hits the ground?
Solution:
As the ball drops down the building, its PE (400 PE = KE (formula of KE: KE= ½ mv2)
J) is converted to KE, allowing us to solve for PE = ½ mv2
the velocity, v.
50 J = ½ (4 kg) (v)2
Solution: 50 J = 2 kg  v2
PE = KE (formula of KE: KE= ½ mv ) 2 50 = 2  v2
PE = ½ mv2 50
400 J = ½ (2 kg) (v) 2 = v2
2
400 J = 1 kg  v2 25 = v2 → √25 = v → 5 m/s = v
400 = 1  v 2

400
= v2 → √400 = v → 20 m/s = v
1

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LEARNING TASK 2: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise.
____ 1. Mechanical energy consists of two types, the potential energy and kinetic energy.
____ 2. Given PE is 50 J and KE is 10 J, MET is 40 J.
____ 3. ME is the product of PE and KE.
____ 4.The object's kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy or vice versa.
____ 5. When Potential Energy decreases as it swings down, Kinetic Energy increases as it gains speed.
____ 6. At a point, Potential Energy is zero while Kinetic Energy is at its maximum.
____ 7. The total mechanical energy of a swinging bungee jumper is constant.

Energy Conversion
Energy conversion, also termed as energy transformation, is the process of changing one form of
energy into another. Energy conversion occurs everywhere and every minute of the day. There are
numerous forms of energy like thermal energy, electrical energy, nuclear energy, electromagnetic
energy, mechanical energy, chemical energy, sound energy, etc. On the other hand, the term
Energy Transformation is used when energy changes forms from one form to another. Whether the
energy is transferred or transformed, the total amount of energy does not change, and this is known
as the Law of Conservation of Energy.

There are various types and forms of energy. Some examples of everyday energy conversions are
provided below.
Scenario Energy conversions involved
Rubbing both hands together for warmth Kinetic Energy →Thermal Energy
A falling object speeding up Gravitational Potential Energy → Kinetic Energy
In the battery: Chemical → Electrical Energy
Using battery-powered torchlight
In the bulb: Electrical → Radiant Energy
In Geothermal Power Plant Heat Energy → Electrical Energy
In Thermocouple Heat Energy → Electrical Energy
In Hydroelectric Dams Gravitational potential energy → Electric Energy
In Electric Generator Kinetic energy / Mechanical work → Electric Energy
In Windmills Wind Energy → Mechanical Energy or Electric Energy
Using Microphone Sound Energy → Electric Energy
Photosynthesis in Plants Solar Energy → Chemical Energy
In Electric lamp Electric Energy → Heat and Light Energy
Burning of wood Chemical energy → Heat and Light Energy
In Fuel cells Chemical Energy (from fuel) → Electric Energy
In steam engine The heat energy → Mechanical Energy
In Electric heater Electric Energy → Heat

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 The diagram shows how different forms of energy can be converted to another form of energy.
Source: https://byjus.com/physics/energy-conversion/

LEARNING TASK 3: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which sequence of energy transformation best describes what happens when you prepare
homemade mayonnaise using an manual eggbeater (not powered by electricity)?
A. Mechanical Energy → Electrical Energy → Sound Energy
B. Chemical Energy → Mechanical Energy → Sound Energy
C. Mechanical Energy → Chemical Energy → Sound Energy
D. Chemical Energy → Electrical Energy → Sound Energy
2. Which sequence of energy transformation happens in Angat Hydro Electric Power Plant located
in Bulacan?
A. electrical energy → mechanical energy → electrical energy
B. heat → mechanical energy → electrical energy
C. nuclear energy → heat → electrical energy
D. gravitational potential energy → kinetic energy → electrical energy
3. Which event is explained in the sequence of energy changes: Chemical Energy → Heat →
Mechanical Energy (with wasted heat)?
I. gasoline burns to run a jeepney II. toy car powered by battery
III. a turbine spins IV. electric current powers a radio
A. I and II B. III only C. I, II and III D. I, II, III and IV
4. Which event does NOT describe potential energy being changed into kinetic energy?
A. A cart rolling down a hill. C. A student lets go a stretched rubber band.
B. A twig falling from a branch. D. A rubber foam being compressed.
5. A book fell off the table. Considering the presence of air, how does the kinetic energy (K) of the
book just before striking the ground compare to its potential energy (U) on the table?
A. K is less than U. B. K is equal to U. C. K is greater than U

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