Triangle Congruence

Learning Module in Mathematics 8

Quarter 3 • Module 2 • Week 3

CRISPHER D. EDIONG
DEVELOPER

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

i
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BENGUET
Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet

Published by:
Learning Resource Management and Development System

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum
through the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)—Learning Resource
Management and Development System (LRMDS). It can be reproduced for
educational purposes and the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work
including creating an edited version, an enhancement or a supplementary work are
permitted provided all original work is acknowledged and the copyright is attributed.
No work may be derived from this material for commercial purposes and profit.

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 PREFACE

This module is a project of the Curriculum Implementation Division particularly

the Learning Resource Management and Development Unit, Department of
Education, Schools Division of Benguet which is in response to the implementation of
the K to 12 Curriculum.

This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education- CID,

Schools Division of Benguet. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically in
Mathematics.

This learning module focuses on a competency that can be delivered online,

modular, print or digitalized materials and applicable from home schooling or home
study, needing enough supervision from parents or adult or brother or sister.

Date of Development : November 2020

Resource Location : SDO BENGUET
: LA TRINIDAD, DISTRICT
Learning Area : MATHEMATICS
Grade Level :8
Learning Resource Type : Module
Language : English
Quarter/Week : Q3/W3
Learning Competency/Code : Illustrates triangle congruence. M8GE – IIId - 1

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The developer wishes to express his gratitude to those who helped one way or
another in the development of this learning material. The fulfillment of this learning
material would not have been possible without these people who wholeheartedly gave
their support, helping hand and cooperation.

Above all, to the Lord almighty for giving me the wisdom and protection.

To my family for their care, love and understanding.

To my co – developers and co – teachers, for their support, insights and

selflessness towards the improvement of this module; and

To the Education Program Supervisor of Mathematics (EPS – Math) of Benguet

Sir Wilfred C. Bagsao for the encouragement and support together with the Benguet
LRMDS and CID team for initiating this endeavor for the continuous development of
our learners even these trying times.

DIVISION LRMDS STAFF:

MELVIN L. ALFREDO ANTIONNETE D. SACYANG

Librarian II Project Development Officer II

SONIA D. DUPAGAN, Ed.D.

EPS-LRMDS

CONSULTANTS:

WILFRED C. BAGSAO
Education Program Supervisor – Mathematics

RIZALYN A. GUZNIAN, Ed.D.

Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

NESTOR L. BOLAYO
Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

BENILDA M, DAYTACA Ed.D, CESO VI

Schools Division Superintendent

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Copyright Notice …………………………………………………..……...…..…. ii
Preface …………………………………………………………………...…….… iii
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………. …….…... iv
Table of Contents……………………………………………………….……. … v
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………. 1
What I Need To Know……………………………...……………………………. 2
What I Know…………………………………………...………………….……… 2
What’s In …………………………………………………………………………. 3
What’s New…………………….…………………….……………….………….. 4
What’s In It…………….…………………………...…………………………….. 4
What’s More 6
Activity 1…………………………………………………………………… 6
Activity 2…………………………………………………………………… 6
What I Have Learned …………………………………………………………… 7
What Can I Do…………………………………………………………….……… 7
Post-Assessment …………………...…………………………………………… 8
Additional Activities…………...…………………………………………………. 9
Answer Key……………………………………………………………………….. 10
Reference Sheet…………………………………………………...…….…….… 10

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Triangle Congruence
Learning Module in Mathematics 8
Quarter 3 • Module 2 • Week 3

CRISPHER D. EDIONG
DEVELOPER

1
 What I Need to Know
This module helps you understand about triangle congruence specifically the
relationship among the corresponding parts of congruent triangles such as sides and
angles. Furthermore, this module will also help you determine and name the
corresponding parts of congruent triangles.

Learning Objectives
1. Illustrates congruent Triangles
2. Name the corresponding parts of two congruent triangles
3. Name two triangles that are congruent

What I Know
Direction: Read and analyze each question, then write the corresponding letter of your
answer.

For items 1 to 3,
consider the illustrations
at the right.

̅̅̅̅ ?
1. Which of the following segments is congruent to 𝐷𝐹
̅̅̅
a. 𝐾𝐽 ̅
b. 𝐽𝐼 ̅̅̅
c. 𝐾𝐼 ̅̅̅̅
d. 𝐸𝐹

2. Which angle is congruent to ∠E?

a. ∠K b. ∠J c. ∠I d. ∠F

3. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. ∆DEF ≅ ∆ KJI c. ∆DEF ≅ ∆JIK
b. ∆EFD ≅ ∆ KIJ d. ∆EFD ≅ ∆ IJK

4. Given that ∆ABC ≅ ∆CDE, which side is congruent to ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐶 ?
̅̅̅̅
a. 𝐶𝐷 ̅̅̅̅
b. 𝐶𝐸 ̅̅̅̅
c. 𝐷𝐸 d. ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
5. Which of the following is correct if 𝑆𝐸 𝑀𝐴, 𝐸𝑇 ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝑇
̅̅̅̅ , 𝑆𝑇
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑀𝑇
̅̅̅̅̅?
a. ∆SET ≅ ∆MAT c. ∆SET ≅ ∆TEA
b. ∆STE ≅ ∆MAT d. ∆TES ≅ ∆TEA

6. If ∆GOT ≅ ∆FIX, which of the following angles is congruent to ∠X?

a. ∠G b. ∠O c. ∠T d. ∠F
7. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the figures below?
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑀𝐿
a. 𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅
b. ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑀
c. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑁
d. ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝑀

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For items 8 to 10, refer to the figure below.

8. Which angle is congruent to ∠FED?

a. ∠ECD b. ∠CDE c. ∠DEC d. ∠FDE
̅̅̅̅
9. Which of the following is congruent to 𝐶𝐷
a. ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐷 b. ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐶 c. ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐷 d. ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐸
10. Which triangles are congruent?
a. ∆ECD and ∆DFE c. ∆DCE and ∆DFE
b. ∆CDE and ∆EFD d. ∆CED and ∆DEF

What’s In
In this section, we will recall how to name a triangle. We can simply name a
triangle using its vertices. Let’s try it using the figure below.

P
𝑃, 𝑄, and 𝑅 are the vertices of the triangle.

The triangle can be named as ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅.

Q R

The given triangle can be named in different ways using the vertices. Each
triangle can actually be named starting at any vertex and goes either clockwise or
counterclockwise.
Thus, each triangle can be named in six different ways. Now, list the remaining
five possible names of the given triangle.

1. ______________
2. ______________
3. ______________
4. ______________
5. ______________

You are encouraged to check immediately your answer before you proceed to
the next part of the module.

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 What’s New

In the illustration at the right, ∆SAD

coincide with ∆JOY in such a way that the
vertices of ∆SAD fit exactly over the vertices
∆JOY. A correspondence between the vertices of
the two triangles are as follows:

a. S ↔ J It is read as “vertex S corresponds to vertex J”.

b. A ↔ O It is read as “vertex A corresponds to vertex O”.
c. D ↔ Y It is read as “vertex D corresponds to vertex Y”

Therefore, we can then say that the following angles and sides of the triangles
corresponds to each other.

Corresponding Angles Corresponding Sides

∠S ↔ ∠J ̅̅̅̅ ↔ 𝐽𝑂
𝑆𝐴 ̅̅̅
∠A ↔ ∠O ̅̅̅̅ ↔ 𝐽𝑌
𝑆𝐷 ̅̅̅
∠D ↔ ∠Y ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 ↔ ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑌

Is ∆SAD congruent to ∆JOY? What are congruent triangles? These questions

will be answered in the lesson proper.

What’s In It

Lesson: Triangle Congruence

Congruent Triangles:

• Two Triangles are congruent if and only if their vertices can be paired so that the
corresponding sides and angles are congruent. Thus, two triangles are
congruent if they have the same shape and size.
• The word congruent could mean identical. We indicate congruency using this
symbol ≅.

Based from the definition, we have no basis to conclude that ∆SAD is congruent
to ∆JOY. The two triangles are congruent if and only if their corresponding sides and
angles are congruent. To learn more on congruent triangles, let us consider the
following examples.

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Example 1. Using the illustrations below, perform the given tasks.

a. Name the pairs of congruent angles.

b. Name the pairs of congruent sides.
c. Name the two congruent triangles.

Solution: Angles and sides with the same hash marks indicates congruency.

a) Congruent Angles b) Congruent Sides c) Congruent Triangles

∠E ≅ ∠S ̅̅
FE̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑇
∠D ≅ ∠R ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑆𝑅
ED ̅̅̅̅ ∆FED ≅ ∆TSR
∠F ≅ ∠T ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑅𝑇
FD ̅̅̅̅

Note: The arrangement of the vertices plays a crucial role in naming the congruency of the
triangle. It is a must that we observe the correspondence of the vertices of the triangles. Other
possible answers in naming the congruent triangles are as follows:

∆EDF ≅ ∆SRT, ∆EFD ≅ ∆STR, ∆FDE ≅ ∆TRS, ∆DFE ≅ ∆RTS, ∆DEF ≅ ∆ RST

Example 2. Name the corresponding sides and

angles that are congruent in the figure at the right
if ∆CBD ≅ ∆CLD. Complete the figure by putting
hash marks to the corresponding sides and
angles that are congruent.

Solution:

Step 1. Establish the correspondence among the

vertices of the two triangles.
C↔C
B↔L
D↔ D

Step 2. Name the congruent sides and angles.

Congruent Angles Congruent Sides Note: the number of hash marks of the
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐿
̅̅̅̅ sides and angles may vary as long as
∠BCD ≅ ∠LCD CB the corresponding parts of the triangles
∠B ≅ ∠L ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐿𝐷
BD ̅̅̅̅ that are congruent should contain the
∠CDB ≅ ∠CDL ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐷
̅̅̅̅ same number of hash mark.
CD

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Example 3. Name the two triangles that are congruent if the corresponding
congruent sides are ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ , 𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐵 & 𝐷𝐸 ̅̅̅̅ & 𝐷𝐹
̅̅̅̅ , and 𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅ & 𝐸𝐹
̅̅̅̅ .

Solution: Based from the congruent sides, A ↔ D, B ↔ E, and C ↔ F.

Thus, the two congruent triangles are ∆ABC and ∆DEF.

*Again, there are five other ways of writing the corresponding congruent triangles.

What’s More?
Activity 1: Complete the needed information on each table using the given figures.

1. ∆QRP ≅ ∆PDQ
CONGRUENT SIDES CONGRUENT ANGLES
̅̅̅̅̅
𝑄𝑃 ≅ _______ ∠ R ≅ ___________

̅̅̅̅
________ ≅ 𝐷𝑄 ______≅ ∠DPQ
______ ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝐷 ∠RPQ ≅ ______

2. ∆LMK ≅ ∆LST
CONGRUENT SIDES CONGRUENT ANGLES

Activity 2: Name the congruent triangles using the given information.

1. 2.
CONGRUENT CONGRUENT
SIDES ANGLES
̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑃𝐸
𝑀𝐴 ̅̅̅̅̅ ∠𝑀 ≅ ∠𝐷
̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑋 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑇 ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐸
̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑋 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑇 ∠𝑋 ≅ ∠𝑇

∆ _______ ≅ ∆ ________ ∆ _______ ≅ ∆ ________

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 What I Have Learned
1. How do we name the congruent parts of a triangle?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_________

2. How do we determine the name of the triangles that are congruent?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_________

What I Can Do
Show that the given triangles are congruent using hash marks. Then write the
congruent sides, angles, and triangles on the table provided.

Congruent sides Congruent angles Congruent triangles

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 Post Assessment
Direction: Read and analyze each question, then write the corresponding letter of
your answer.

For items 1 to 3, use the figure below.

1. Which segment is congruent to ̅̅

𝐻𝐽̅̅?
̅
a. 𝐽𝑆 ̅̅̅
b. 𝐽𝑇 ̅̅̅̅
c. 𝑇𝑆 ̅
d. 𝐼𝐽
2. Which of the following angles is congruent to ∠I?
a. ∠IHJ b. ∠TJS c. ∠JST d. ∠JTS
3. Which of the following is a correct statement for the two triangles?
a. ∆IHJ ≅ ∆TSJ c. ∆JHI ≅ ∆SJT
b. ∆HJI ≅ ∆JST d. ∆HIJ ≅ ∆TJS
4. If ∆WAX ≅ ∆BED, which of the following segments is congruent to ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝐴?
̅̅̅̅
a. 𝐵𝐸 ̅̅̅̅
b. 𝐷𝐵 ̅̅̅̅
c. 𝐸𝐷 ̅̅̅̅
d. 𝐷𝐸
5. If ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑈 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐴, ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑇 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵, ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝑈 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐴, what are the two congruent triangles?
a. ∆PUT ≅ ∆CAB c. ∆UTP ≅ ∆ABC
b. ∆TUP ≅ ∆CBA d. ∆UPT ≅ ∆CBA
6. ∆MAD ≅ ∆RED, which of the following corresponding sides are correct?
a. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐷 , ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐴 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝐸 , ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐷 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝑅 c. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑀 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝑅 , ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝐸 , ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐷 ≅ ̅̅̅̅𝐸𝐷
̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑅𝐷
b. 𝑀𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ , 𝐴𝐷
̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐷 , 𝑀𝐴 𝑅𝐸 ̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐷𝑅
d. 𝐷𝑀 ̅̅̅̅ , 𝐸𝐷
̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷, 𝑀𝐴̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑅
7. What are the congruent triangles given its congruent parts?
Sides Angles a. ∆PQR ≅ ∆XYZ
̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑄 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑌 ∠𝑃 ≅ ∠𝑋 b. ∆PRQ ≅ ∆YXZ
̅̅̅̅
𝑄𝑅 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑍 ∠𝑄 ≅ ∠𝑌 c. ∆PUT ≅ ∆CAB
̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑅 ≅ 𝑋𝑍̅̅̅̅ ∠𝑅 ≅ ∠𝑍 d. ∆PUT ≅ ∆CAB

8. If ∆WAS ≅ ∆THO, then ∆SWA is congruent to _______.

a. ∆OTH b. ∆OHT c. ∆HOT d. TOH
9. If ∆MIX ≅ ∆FUR, which segment is congruent to ̅̅̅
𝐼𝑋?
̅̅̅̅
a. 𝐹𝑅 ̅̅̅̅
b. 𝐹𝑈 c. ̅̅̅̅
𝑈𝑅 ̅̅̅̅
d. 𝑅𝐹
10. If ∆SAD ≅ ∆JOY, which of the following angles is congruent to ∠D?
a. ∠J b. ∠Y c. ∠O d. ∠S

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For items 11 to 14, refer to the figure below.

11. Which of the following angles is congruent to ∠IRS?

a. ∠STR b. ∠RST c. ∠TSR d. ∠RTS
̅̅̅̅?
12. Which of the following segments is congruent to 𝑅𝑆
a. ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑇 b. ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑅 c. ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑇 ̅
d. 𝐼𝑆
̅̅̅̅?
13. Which of the following segments is congruent to 𝑅𝑇
̅
a. 𝑆𝐼 ̅̅̅̅
b. 𝑅𝑆 ̅̅̅
c. 𝐼𝑅 ̅̅̅̅
d. 𝑆𝑇
14. Which of the following triangle congruency statements is true?
a. ∆SIR ≅ ∆STR c. ∆RIS ≅ ∆STR
b. ∆RIS ≅ ∆RTS d. ∆ISR ≅ ∆TSR
15. Which of the following is false regarding the figure found below?

a. ̅̅̅
𝐼𝐾 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑅
b. ∠𝐼 ≅ ∠𝑆
c. ̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐼𝐽 𝑇𝑆
d. ∠𝐾 ≅ ∠𝑇

Additional Activities
Direction: Illustrate two congruent triangles using the given conditions. Use hash
marks to indicate congruency of corresponding parts.

1) with common side 2) with common vertex

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 ANSWER KEY
What I Know What’s In

1) c 6) c 1. ∆QRP
2) b 7) b 2. ∆RPQ
3) a 8) b 3. ∆PRQ
4) b 9) d 4. ∆RQP
5) a 10) a 5. ∆QPR

What’s More: Activity 1

(1) (2)
CONGRUENT SIDES CONGRUENT ANGLES CONGRUENT SIDES CONGRUENT ANGLES
̅̅̅̅̅
𝑄𝑃 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑷𝑸 ∠ R ≅ ∠D ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑄𝑃 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑇 ∠Q≅ ∠S
𝑹𝑷 ̅̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐷𝑄 ∠RQP ≅ ∠DPQ ̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑆𝑅
𝑄𝑅 ̅̅̅̅ ∠P ≅ ∠T
̅̅̅̅̅
𝑸𝑹 ≅ 𝑃𝐷 ̅̅̅̅̅ ∠RPQ ≅ ∠ DQP ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑇𝑅
𝑃𝑅 ̅̅̅̅̅ ∠QRP ≅ ∠ SRT

What’s More: Activity 2

1) reference answer: ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐸𝐷𝐶 2) reference answer: ∆𝑀𝐴𝑋 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐸𝑇

What I have learned: Answers may vary.

What I can do: Possible answer

CONGRUENT SIDES CONGRUENT ANGLES

̅̅̅̅̅
𝑈𝑉 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸 ∠U≅ ∠D
̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑉𝑊 ≅ 𝐸𝐹̅̅̅̅̅ ∠V ≅ ∠E
̅̅̅̅̅
𝑈𝑊 ≅ 𝐷𝐹̅̅̅̅̅ ∠W ≅ ∠ F

∆UVW ≅ ∆DEF

Post Assessment

1) a 6) b 11) c
2) d 7) a 12) b
3) b 8) a 13) a
4) c 9) c 14) c
5) a 10) b 15) d

Additional Activities: Answers may vary.

REFERENCES
https://www.onlinemath4all.com/images/xcongruenceandtriangles4.png.pagespeed.i
c.G2TR7-9sZ6.png
https://cdn.kutasoftware.com/Worksheets/Geo/4Congruence%20and%20Triangles.p
df

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For inquiries or feedback, please write of call:
Department of Education-Schools Division of Benguet
(Office Address, Wangal, LTB)
Telefax: (074) – 422 – 6570 or 422 – 2001
Email Address: [email protected]

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