PREBOARD EXAMINATION - III (January-2025)

Name: Date:

Grade: XII SEC:A&B

Subject: Psychology Duration: 3 hrs

Paper code : 037 Max. Marks: 70

General Instructions:
Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them:
1. All questions are compulsory except where internal choice has been given.
2. Question Nos. 1 -15 in Section A carry 1 mark each.
3. Question Nos. 16-21 in Section B are Very Short Answer Type-I questions carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 30 words.
4. Question Nos. 22-24 in Section C are Short Answer Questions Type-II carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 60 words.
5. Question Nos. 25-28 in Section D are Long Answer Type I questions carrying 4 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 120 words.
6. Question No. 29-30 in Section E is a Long Answer Type II question carrying 6 marks. Answer to this question
should not exceed 200 words.
7. Question Nos. 31-34 in Section F are based on two cases given. Each case has two questions carrying two marks
each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
 SECTION – A (15X1=15M)
1.Suryakant Nayar, a trained Ayurveda Doctor lives in Kerala is known for his knowledge
of ancient medicines and always encourages people to opt for traditional methods of
medicines and treatment, as
mentioned in `Charak Samhita’.
Identify which types of people are classified into it.
I. Vamdosha
II. Pittadosha
III. Vatadosha
IV. Kaphadosha
(a) I and II
(b)II and III
(c) II, III and IV
(d)II and IV

2. Logo therapy is given by________.

(a) Victor Frankl
(b)Sigmund Freud
(c) Ivan Pavlov
(d)Carl Rogers

3. Assertion (A) In systematic desensitisation client asked to think about the least anxiety-
provoking situations.
Reason (R) The client hence, learns to deal with fearful situations.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion(A)
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false
(d)Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true

4. A teacher influence student to develop a strong preference for a specific subject

because of
I. Positive association between a teacher and a student.
II. Negative association between a teacher and a student.
III. Neutral association between a teacher and a student.
(a) I and II
(b)II and III
(c) II only
(d) I and III

5. Assertion (A) Social behaviour is a necessary part of human life, and being social means
much more than merely being in the company of others.
Reason (R) Because of social influences, people form views, or attitudes about people, and
about different issues in life, that exist in the form of behavioural tendencies.
(a)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion(A)
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation
ofAssertion(A)
 (c)Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false
(d)Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true

6. Which among the following is one of the end resultant effect through the addictive meal
behaviour?
(a) Hallucination
(b) Obesity
(c) Phobia
(d)Low BMI

7. Lena transformed from being a rambunctious and disorganised person to a stable and
sensible individual. She achieved this by implementing specific changes within herself.
What is the most effective method for bringing about drastic changes in certain aspects of
one self ?
(a) Observation of own behaviour
(b)Self-instruction
(c) Observation of other’s behaviour
(d)Self-reinforcement

8. Tendency of respondent to endorse items in a socially desirable manner is known as

(a) Acquiescence
(b)Self-report
(c) Socially desirability
(d)Halo effect

9. Identify the disorder, where an individual gets irrational fears related to specific objects,
interactions
with people and also fear of situations.
(a) Generalised Anxiety Disorder
(b) Specific Phobia
(c) Panic Phobia
(d) Mental Anxiety Disorder.

10. Which psychologist believed that there is a common structure on which people differ
from each other?
(a) Gordon Allport
(b) Raymond Cattell
(c) Sigmund Freud
(d) HJ Eysenck

11. Assertion (A) An individual intelligence test is one which can be administered to one
person at a time.
A group intelligence test can be administered to several persons simultaneously.
Reason (R) Individual tests allow people to answer orally or in a written form or manipulate
objects
as per the tester’s instructions. Group tests generally seek written answers usually in a
multiple-choice
format.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and, Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion(A)
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true

12. Rama and Garima are sisters and are equally good at studies in school. Their
behaviour, likes and
dislikes are also quite similar. It becomes at times difficult for their people to distinguish
between the
two. How do psychologists determine individual personalities and traits?
(a) Trait Approach
(b) Type Approach
(c) Personality Approach
(d) Post-Freudian Approach

13. _______is the disorder where people eats large amounts of food with a loss of control
over the eating and then trying to get rid of the extra calories in an unhealthy way.
(a) Anorexia nervosa
(b) Anorexia nervosa
(c) Bulimia nervosa
(d) Binge eating.

14. In the ______ stage, the parasympathetic nervous system calls for more cautious use of
the body’s
resources.
(a) alarm reaction
(b) resistance
(c) exhaustion
(d) adaptation

15. How can we measure the level of positivity or negativity in attitude?

(a) Extremeness
(b) Simplicity
(c) Centrality
(d) Valence

SECTION -B (6X2=12M)
16. Describe any two features of personality.
1. It has both physical and psychological components.
2. Its expression in terms of behaviour is fairly unique in a given individual.
3. Its main features do not easily change with time.
4. It is dynamic in the sense that some of its features may change due to internal or external situational demands. Thus,
personality is adaptive to situations.
17. Define the term Abnormality.
A. The four D's of abnormality are deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger. These are used to characterize
psychological disorders and abnormal behavior.
 Deviance
 A deviation from accepted norms in a society or culture
 Something that is different, extreme, unusual, or bizarre
Distress
 Something that is unpleasant and upsetting to the person and to others
 A cause of significant distress
Dysfunction
 Something that interferes with the person's ability to carry out daily activities in a constructive way
 An ongoing dysfunctional pattern of thought, emotion, and behavior
Danger
 Something that could lead to serious injury or death.

18. Explain any two features of Self-Report Measures Test.

Strengths
Self-report measures can be inexpensive, quick, and easy to collect data from a large sample. They can also provide more
information than observation alone.

Limitations
Self-report measures can be subject to bias, such as social desirability bias, response bias, and sampling bias .

19. ‘An individual’s response to a stressful situation largely depends upon the perceived events and how they
are interpreted or appraised.’ Do you agree with this statement with reference to Lazarus’ theory? State a
reason for your answer.
Yes, you can agree with the statement that an individual's response to a stressful situation depends on how they
appraise it, as this is a key part of Richard Lazarus' theory of stress.
Explanation
 Lazarus' theory of stress appraisal states that how people think about a situation and the emotions it evokes determine
whether it causes stress.
 Lazarus' theory also states that people go through two mental processes when faced with a stressful situation: primary
appraisal and secondary appraisal.
 Primary appraisal: How a person perceives a situation as positive, neutral, or negative
 Secondary appraisal: How a person assesses their coping abilities and resources
20. Differentiate between the source traits and surface traits.
Source traits are the underlying building blocks of personality, while surface traits are the observable characteristics
that reflect these traits.
 Source traits
These are the underlying variables that determine multiple surface traits. They are less visible to others and are
inferred using statistical techniques like factor analysis.
 Surface traits
These are the observable characteristics that are a result of source traits. They are more obvious and can be easily
identified by others.

21. Prashad is a much-disciplined person who cares about his family and gives proper
time and equally
passionate about his work. Although his colleagues get involved in recreational gatherings
and party but
Prashad prefers his own duties towards his family and work. Which type of personality
Prashad has? Define.
 Prashad has self-regulation personality. According to this personality, behaviour is guided by a motivational system’ of
setting goals, developing and enacting strategies to achieve those goals, evaluating progress and revising goals and actions
accordingly.

SECTION -C (3X3=9M)
22. Explain how Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) is beneficial low-risk to the treatment of stress
and PTSD.
The Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) is a rapid breathing techniques to induce hyperventilation. It is a beneficial, low-risk,
low-cost adjunct to the treatment of stress, anxiety, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, stress-related
medical illnesses, substance abuse and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.
The SKY has been used as a public health intervention technique to alleviate PTSD in survivors of mass disasters. This
yoga techniques enhance well-being, mood, attention, mental focus and stress tolerance.
23. Discuss the components of Therapeutic relationship, in psychotherapy.
Therapeutic Alliance
Trust
Confidentiality
Genuinity
Informed consent etc
24. Rani, a 10 years girl was diagnosed with moderate level of self-skill and speech
related problem.
Medical treatment proved unsuccessful to bring her into mainstream life. Describe some
characteristics of individuals with different levels of intellectual disability.
OR
Differentiate between obsessive and compulsive behavior with relevant examples.

 Learning: Difficulty learning new information, following instructions, or reasoning and logic
 Communication: Difficulty with nonverbal communication, speech patterns, and social skills
 Memory: Difficulty remembering information, especially short-term memory
 Attention: Difficulty focusing or paying attention
 Social skills: Difficulty making and maintaining friendships
 Self-care: Difficulty learning how to do chores or other common tasks
 Behavior: Aggression, self-injury, withdrawal from social activities, or attention-seeking behavior
 Emotional state: Depression, low self-esteem, or low tolerance for frustration
 Physical characteristics: Short stature or facial abnormalities
Intellectual disability is a neurodevelopmental disorder that appears early in childhood. It's characterized by significantly
sub average intellectual functioning and limitations in adaptive functioning.
Levels:
Mild IQ 52–69

Moderate IQ 36–51

Severe IQ 20–35

Profound IQ 19 or below

OR
  OCD : Obsessions
Unwanted, recurring thoughts, images, or urges that cause anxiety. These can include fear of contamination, losing
something, or harm coming to oneself or others.
 Compulsions
Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that people with OCD feel compelled to perform. These can include excessive
cleaning, hand washing, checking things, or counting. Some examples.

SECTION -D (4X4=16M)
25. Every behaviour needs to be analysed for appropriate intervention, discuss behaviour analysis that is
conducted before behaviour modification.
MAM – Maitenance factors
Antecedent Operations
Malfunctioning behaviours
With examples.
26. What is the role of ‘Arousal-Attention’ in PASS Model of Intelligence? Explain with
some of its characteristics.
PASS MODEL: Planning, Attention, Simultaneous and Successive processing!!!! With
examples.
27. As a child, Anita internalised feelings of inadequacy and worthlessness. She exaggerated her flaws and
overlooked her strengths. Her self-critical thoughts manifested statements such as "I'm a failure," "I'll never be
happy," and "Nobody cares about me." These distorted thoughts reinforced her feelings of hopelessness and
contributed to her ongoing depressive state. Which therapy would be most suitable for Anitha’s distress.
Elaborate.

RET: Rational emotive therapy

Rationalising the thoughts
Non directive Questioning

28. Ruhani and Suhani are two sisters, who studied in the same school and also joined
in the similar IT Professional sector. However, both have different nature and future
goals in life. How psychologists define such different personalities through type and trait
approaches?
OR
Shanta has an IQ of 140. She has recently won an award for the ‘Best Author’ as well. Will she be gifted
or talented? Elaborate on giftedness and its characteristics.

To equate giftedness with brilliant academic performance is not correct. Athletes who show superior psychomotor ability
are also gifted. Each gifted student possesses different strengths, personalities and characteristics.
Some important characteristics of gifted children are :
• Advanced logical thinking, questioning and problem solving behaviour.
• High speed in processing information.
• Superior generalisation and discrimination ability.
• Advanced level of original and creative thinking.
• High level of intrinsic motivation and self-esteem.
• Independent and non-conformist thinking.
• Preference for solitary academic activities for long periods.

SECTION -E (2X6=12M)
29. What do you understand by projective techniques? Discuss in detail any four of them.
Also known as Indirect techniques.
Sentence completion test
Rorschach ink blot test
Thematic apperception test
Rosenwig’s picture frustration study
With examples .
 OR
Differentiate between information processing and psychometric approach to understand intelligence. Explain any
four theories of psychometric approach.
Psychometric approach
 What it measures: Intelligence as a single index of cognitive abilities
 How it measures: Through mental tests, such as number tests, reasoning tests, and memory tests
 What it reveals: A candidate's logical processes, problem-solving skills, and ability to analyze data
 What it can also reveal: A candidate's personality traits and integrity
 What it's used for: To ensure a candidate has the skills and cognitive ability to perform a job role
Information processing approach
 What it measures: How people take in and interpret information
 How it measures: By examining how people receive, process, and learn information from their environment
 What it's based on: The idea that the human brain works in a set sequence, similar to a computer
 What it's used for: To explain how people encode information into memory.
Few of the Psychometric approaches are :

Unifactor
Two factor
Levels of processing
Structure of Intellect Model with examples

30. Every individual is different from their abilities in terms of perceiving things differently at different
situations. Explain multiple intelligences theory in detail with appropriate examples.
Howard gardener’s multiple intelligences theory:
Naturalistic
Linguistic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Musical
Etc

SECTION -F (6M)
Read the case and answer the questions that follow: -
Gary is a 19-year-old who withdrew from college after experiencing a manic episode
during which
he was brought to the attention of the Campus Police. He had changed his stream from
engineering to
philosophy. He spends his nights on phone, talking to his friends about life and reality. He
had been
convinced about the importance of his ideas, stating frequently that he was more learned
and advanced
than all his professors.
He also increased a number of high-risk behaviours - drinking and engaging in sexual
relations in a way
that was unlike his previous history. At the present time, he has returned home and has
been placed on a
mood stabiliser (after a period of time on an antipsychotic), and his psychiatrist is
requesting adjunctive
psychotherapy for his disorder. The patient’s parents are somewhat shocked by the
diagnosis, but they
acknowledge that Gary had early problems with anxiety during pre-adolescence, followed
by some
periods of withdrawal and depression during his adolescence. His parents are eager to be
involved in
treatment, if appropriate.
31. Identify the disorder with which Gary has been diagnosed.
Mania- Symptoms of euphoria and extremities in his behavioural presentations.
32. What is Bipolar disorder? Mention few symptoms of it.
Episodes of depression followed by a normal mood and experiencing mania symptoms

Read the case and answer the questions that follow: -

The Negative symptoms are ‘pathological deficits’ and include poverty of speech, blunted
and flat affect,
loss of volition, and social withdrawal. People with schizophrenia show alogia or poverty of
speech, i.e.
a reduction in speech and speech content.
Many people with schizophrenia show less anger, sadness, joy, and other feelings than
most people do.
Thus they have blunted affect. Some show no emotions at all, a condition known as flat
affect.
Also patients with schizophrenia experience avolition, or apathy and an inability to start or
complete a
course of action. People with this disorder may withdraw socially and become totally
focused on their
own ideas and fantasies.

32. Why schizophrenia is considered as the most challenging mental disorder across the
world?
Schizophrenia causes psychosis and is associated with considerable disability and may affect all areas of life
including personal, family, social, educational, and occupational functioning.
34. What do you understand by ‘pathological deficits’?
Pathological deficits are abnormal functions in the body caused by medical conditions. They can manifest as physical,
psychological, or behavioral changes.