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Lesson 9 Logic

The document is a student activity sheet for a philosophy and logic course focusing on the Square of Oppositions, specifically on contradictory and contrary propositions. It outlines lesson objectives, activities for understanding logical opposition, and skill-building exercises to determine truth-values of propositions. Additionally, it includes guidelines for teacher-led activities and considerations for both face-to-face and at-home learning sessions.

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Mackie Morales
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1 views

Lesson 9 Logic

The document is a student activity sheet for a philosophy and logic course focusing on the Square of Oppositions, specifically on contradictory and contrary propositions. It outlines lesson objectives, activities for understanding logical opposition, and skill-building exercises to determine truth-values of propositions. Additionally, it includes guidelines for teacher-led activities and considerations for both face-to-face and at-home learning sessions.

Uploaded by

Mackie Morales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHI 002: Introduction to Philosophy & Logic

Module #9 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______


Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson title: Square of Oppositions: Contradictory and Materials:


Activity Sheet, TV, Whiteboard Marker
Contrary References:
Hinacay, Marionito L. & Hinacay, Ma. Belen
S.E. Logic: A textbook-workbook for college
Lesson Objectives: students. Iligan City: Vitasophia Book Center.
2007
Bachhuber, Andrew H. S.J. Introduction to
1. Understand the relationship among A, E, I, and O Logic: New York: Appleton, Inc. 1995.
propositions.
2. Determine the truth-value of opposite propositions by
applying the
rules of opposition.

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW

1) Introduction (2 mins)

SQUARE OF OPPOSITIONS

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION


Page 1
PHI 002: Introduction to Philosophy & Logic
Module #9 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______


Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

B. MAIN LESSON

1) Activity 1: Content Notes (13 mins)

Logical Opposition/ Aristotelian Square–it refers to the relationship existing between two
proposition having the same subject and the same predicate but differ in quantity or in quality or
both quantity or quality. Simply, it refers to the relationship among A, E, I propositions, and O.

Kinds of Opposition

1. Contradiction –Propositions having the same subject term and same predicate term but are
different in both about their quality and quantity.
Rules of Contradictories:
▪ If one is true, the other is false.
This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION
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PHI 002: Introduction to Philosophy & Logic
Module #9 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______


Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

▪ If one is false, the other is true.

▪ Ex. Given Proposition: Resulting Proposition:


(A): All lawyers are dishonest (O): Some lawyers are not dishonest.

2. Contrary – when proposition have the same subject term, the same predicate term, and are all of
universal qualities yet are different in quality.
Rules of Contrary:
▪ If one is true, the other is false.
▪ If one is false, the other is doubtful.
▪ Both can be false at the same time, but never true at the same time.

● Ex. Given Proposition: Resulting Proposition:


(A): All lawyers are dishonest. (E): All Lawyers are not dishonest

2) Activity 2: Skill-building Activities

Direction: Give the contradictory and contrary proposition of the following by changing the given
statements below.

Proposition Contradictory Contrary

Ex. All monkeys are primate. Some monkeys are not primate. No monkeys are primate.

No whales are reptiles.

No Christians are Muslims.

All police are arrogant.

No Cocians are Ateneans.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION


Page 3
PHI 002: Introduction to Philosophy & Logic
Module #9 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______


Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

3) Activity 3: Skill-building Activities

Directions:

A. Change the given proposition into their opposites as either A, E, I or O.


B. Write their oppositional relations( contrary or contradictory)
C. Identify their corresponding truth-value in relation to the given.

1. All candidates are professionals.(False)

A B C
E

2. No animal rights are human rights. (True)

A B C
A

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

You are done with the session! Let's track your progress

Period 1 Period 2 Period 3


P3
1 2 3 4 5 6 P1 Exam 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 P2 Exam 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Exam

Thinking about your learning


This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION
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PHI 002: Introduction to Philosophy & Logic
Module #9 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______


Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Give your three (3) most useful takeaways from the lesson?
1. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

KEY TO CORRECTION

Activity 2:
Proposition Contradictory Contrary

Ex. All monkeys are primate. Some monkeys are not primate. No monkeys are primate.

No whales are reptiles. Some whales are reptiles. All whales are reptiles

No Christians are Muslims. Some Christians are Muslims. All Christians are Muslims.

All police are arrogant. Some police are not arrogant. No police are arrogant.

No Cocians are Ateneans. Some Cocians are Ateneans. All Cocians are Ateneans.

Activity 3:
(Answers may vary)
TEACHER-LED ACTIVITIES

A. If this session happens to be a face-to-face, in-classroom learning session:


1) Collect completed work in the SAS.
2) Allocate your contact time with students to individual or small group mentoring, monitoring,
and student consultations.
3) You may administer summative assessments (quizzes, demonstrations, graded recitation,
presentations, performance tasks) during face-to-face sessions.
4) You may also explore supplementary activities that foster collaboration, provided that social
distancing is observed.
This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION
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PHI 002: Introduction to Philosophy & Logic
Module #9 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______


Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

5) You may provide supplementary content via videos, etc.

It is important to remember that students who cannot make it to face-to-face, in-classroom


sessions for health and safety reasons, should not be given lower grades for missing in-class
activities and should be given alternative summative tests.

B. If this session happens to be an at-home learning session for the students:


1) Check and grade collected SAS and other input from students.
2) Schedule phone calls/virtual calls/virtual chats to individual students or small groups of
students to monitor work, provide guidance, answer questions, and check understanding.

Thank you for your cooperation!


Stay safe always

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION


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