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Explosive

The document provides an overview of explosives, categorizing them into primary, low, and high explosives, and detailing their characteristics and applications. It discusses the differences between low and high explosives, as well as specific types such as nitroglycerin, dynamite, and TNT, highlighting their uses in military and industrial contexts. Additionally, it touches on improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and the components involved in their construction.

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saadahamedlearn
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8 views

Explosive

The document provides an overview of explosives, categorizing them into primary, low, and high explosives, and detailing their characteristics and applications. It discusses the differences between low and high explosives, as well as specific types such as nitroglycerin, dynamite, and TNT, highlighting their uses in military and industrial contexts. Additionally, it touches on improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and the components involved in their construction.

Uploaded by

saadahamedlearn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Explosive

A chemical explosive is a reactive substance that contains a


great amount of potential energy that can produce an explosion
if release suddenly usually accompanied by the production of
light heat sound and pressure.
This potential energy storage in an explosive material may be
chemical energy, Pressurized gas or nuclear energy.
Types of Explosives

Primary Explosives

Low Explosives

High Explosives
CLASSIFICATION
EXPLOSIVES

LOW EXPLOSIVES HIGH EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNIQUES

PRIMARY SECONDARY
Primary Explosives
• Initiating explosive detonators
• Their highly sensitive explosives who is explode on receiving a slight
shock or by fire
Examples are:
• lead azide
• Mercury fulminate
• Tetracene
• Diazo dinitro phenol
• Silver Azide
Low Explosives
• They simply burn and do not explode suddenly
• The chemical reactions taking place in such explosives are comparatively
slow and their burning proceeds from the surface inward in layers at an
approximate rate of 20 cm per second.
• Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) +charcoal +sulfur(75:10:15)- Gun Powder
• Sodium nitrate + charcoal + sulfur
• Potassium Chlorate+ sulfur
• Potassium Chlorate +Arsenic sulphide +sulfur
• Potassium Chlorate + Sulphuric Acid
High explosives (HE)
• High explosives (HE, or high order explosives) are explosive materials
that detonate, meaning that the explosive shock front passes through
the material at a supersonic speed. High explosives detonate with
explosive velocity of about 3–9 kilometres per second For instance, TNT
has a detonation (burn) rate of approximately 6.9 km/s, detonating cord
of 6.7 km/s (22,000 feet per second), and C-4 about 8.0 km/s (26,000
feet per second). They are normally employed in mining, demolition,
and military applications. The term high explosive is in contrast with the
term low explosive, which explodes (deflagrates) at a lower rate.
• Countless high-explosive compounds are chemically possible, but
commercially and militarily important ones have included NG, TNT, TNP,
TNX, RDX, HMX, PETN, TATP, TATB, and HNS.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LOW AND HIGH EXPLOSIVE
LOW HIGH
1. LESS SHATTERING EFFECT 1. MORE SHATTERING EFFECT
2. WIDE DIAMETER CRATER 2. SMALL DIAMETER BUT DEEPER
3. GRADUAL SLOPING 3. SLOPE VERY STEEP
4. BIGGER FRAGMENTS 4. SMALLER FRAGMENTS
5. INTENSE HEAT EFFECT, LITTLE OR 5. SEVERE BLAST EFFECT
MODERATE BLAST EFFECT 6. INDEPENDENT OF CONFINEMENT
6. DEPENDENT ON CONFINEMENT 7. CUTTING EFFECT
7. BENDING EFFECT 8. Detonation
8. Deflagration
Industrial Explosives: Nitroglycerin and Dynamite

• Nitro glycerin is an Ester, not a nitro compound and should be called


glycerol trinitrate. It was the first High explosive to be employed on
large scale. It was manufactured by slowly adding very pure glycerin
to mixed acid having 59.5% sulphuric acid 40% nitric acid 0.5% water
at (10-25)℃

H2SO4
+ 3 HNO3 + 3H2O
Industrial Explosives: Nitroglycerin and Dynamite
❑Nitroglycerine is a poisonous heavy oil and is highly sensitive to shock.
It explodes very violently on detonation. to make nitro- glycerin easier
and safer to handle it is usually manufactured into dynamite.
❑Original dynamite was a mixture of 75% nitro glycerin and 25%
kieselguhr (a porous siliceous earth). Modern dynamites use wood flour,
Ammonium Nitrate or sodium nitrate as the absorbing agent for
nitroglycerine. An oxidizer is also added sometimes.
❑ Dynamite is easy to handle. it is high explosive used for rock blasting
and Gold mining. A jelly like mixture of 7 to 8% nitrocellulose and 92-93%
nitroglycerine is an exceptionally powerful high explosive commonly
known as gelatin dynamites or blasting gelatin. It can also be handled
safely.
Military explosives: TNT
2,4,6- trinitrotoluene in commonly known as TNT has become the principal
military explosive since 1920.
I. It is most widely used explosive because of its economic and safe
preparation process
II. Low sensitivity to impact
III. High explosive power,
IV. Comparatively low toxic effects and its low melting point (80.8℃).
It is manufactured by three stage Nitration of toluene with mixed acid.
Military explosives: TNT
Military explosives: Picric Acid
Explosive Emulsions
• Nipak: Amonnium nitrate + Sodium
nitrate+microballons+nitromethane+polyurethane+carbon
tetrachloride
Pyrotechnics
• Art of firework
• Signaling
• Illumination
• Smoke
• Incendiary effect
USE OF EXPLOSIVES
• MILITARY PURPOSE

• CIVIL ENGINEERING

• MINING

• AGRICULTURE
DETONATORS
• ELECTRICAL DETONATOR

• NON ELECTRICAL DETONATOR


What is an IED
Today bombs are popularly known as Improvised explosive devices. Then
how is it different ???
• It could be in any shape and size
• May be operated electrically or mechanically
•Designed to explode while handling or
•by use of delay mechanism or
•ambient condition or
•By remote control devices
Component of IED or bomb mechanism

An standard IED or bomb mechanism consists of

• Explosive

• Detonators

• Power Sources

• Switches
Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose, also called cellulose nitrate, a mixture of nitric esters of


cellulose, and a highly flammable compound that is the main ingredient
of modern gunpowder and is also employed in certain lacquers and
paints.
Nitrocellulose
Nitrocellulose

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