Pangasinan State University -Asingan Campus

Course Title: Entrepreneurship

Instructor: Dr. Jeanlyn V. Domingo, CPA
Module 1&2: Introduction to Entrepreneurship

 Definition and importance of entrepreneurship.

 Characteristics of an entrepreneur.
 Types of entrepreneurs (social, corporate, and small business entrepreneurs).
 Relevance of entrepreneurship to education professionals.

Course Content for Module 1-2: Introduction to Entrepreneurship

Topic 1: Definition and Importance of Entrepreneurship

Definition:
Entrepreneurship refers to the process of identifying opportunities, developing ideas, and
turning them into viable business ventures. Entrepreneurs are individuals who take the
initiative to innovate, take risks, and manage resources to create value, often filling gaps in
the market.

Importance:

 Economic Growth: Entrepreneurs contribute to job creation and innovation, which

drive the economy forward.
 Problem-Solving: Entrepreneurship helps address social and economic challenges,
such as the lack of access to education in remote areas.
 Personal Empowerment: Developing entrepreneurial skills enhances independence
and problem-solving abilities.

Examples:

 Tony Tan Caktiong: Founder of Jollibee, who identified a demand for locally
flavored fast food and grew the business into a global brand.

https://youtu.be/kkAyW5Ilmso?si=JJsoxmogzrEYRyyE

 Eduardo “Danding” Cojuangco Jr.: Founder of San Miguel Corporation, which has
significantly impacted food, beverage, and agribusiness industries in the Philippines.

Topic 2: Characteristics of an Entrepreneur

Key Traits of Entrepreneurs:

1. Innovative: Always looking for creative solutions to problems.

o https://youtu.be/K70SXRie_aA?si=PRLFuUBtWZjk-TFT
 o
o Example: Rey Bufi of "The Storytelling Project," who introduced storytelling
as a way to foster reading among children in rural areas.
2. Risk-Taker: Willing to take calculated risks to achieve goals.

https://youtu.be/JlsVMSPBxvM?si=ihgU3Tmnj1lNV5uD

o Example: Socorro Ramos, who risked her savings to start National Book
Store, now the largest bookstore chain in the Philippines.
3. Persistent: Entrepreneurs remain dedicated even in the face of challenges.
o Example: A Filipino teacher creating online tutoring services to continue
education during the COVID-19 pandemic.
4. Visionary: Sees potential opportunities that others might miss.
o Example: Gawad Kalinga founder Tony Meloto, who envisions ending
poverty through community-driven initiatives.
o https://youtu.be/hmp9OvPzFdw?si=MB_zB73MbzXS3-nl

Topic 3: Types of Entrepreneurs

1. Small Business Entrepreneurs

o These entrepreneurs establish local businesses to meet community needs.
o Example: Sari-sari store owners or those who start tutorial centers for students
in rural barangays.
2. Social Entrepreneurs
o Focused on solving social problems through sustainable business models.
o Example: Hapinoy, a program empowering women entrepreneurs by
supporting sari-sari stores in underserved communities.
o https://youtu.be/eusenykfCRc?si=_MmbZ_JJedqGr-ym
3. Corporate Entrepreneurs
o Employees within organizations who innovate and create new opportunities.
o Example: Ayala Corporation’s initiatives to promote affordable housing
projects.
o https://www.ayalaland.com.ph/residences/bella-vita/

Topic 4: Relevance of Entrepreneurship to Education Professionals

Key Areas of Impact:

1. Innovative Teaching Methods: Educators can apply entrepreneurial thinking to

create unique teaching tools.
o Example: A Filipino teacher developing an interactive learning app for K-12
students based on Filipino cultural values.
2. Supplementary Income Opportunities: Educators can create businesses such as
tutorial services, e-learning platforms, or curriculum development.
 oExample: Teachers selling personalized educational materials or offering
online workshops.
3. Addressing Gaps in Education: Entrepreneurial educators can start projects like
community-based literacy programs.
o Example: “A Liter of Light” initiative in the Philippines, which uses recycled
materials to bring light to underserved classrooms.
o https://youtu.be/cQCHvO2H0_0?si=Eq0Vp7H_T4vQz29Q

Activities for Week 1-2

1. Interactive Lecture: Discuss definitions, traits, and types of entrepreneurs with

Philippine examples.
2. Case Study Discussion: Analyze the success story of Jollibee or Gawad Kalinga to
identify entrepreneurial traits.
3. Group Activity: Students brainstorm local education-related entrepreneurial ideas
and present them in class.

Entrepreneurship: Definitions, Traits, and Types with Philippine Examples

Definition of Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is the process of identifying opportunities, innovating solutions, taking

risks, and managing resources to create and sustain a business or social venture. It involves
turning ideas into reality while creating value for society and generating profit or impact.

Key Points to Remember:

 It is both an art and a science—requiring creativity and systematic planning.

 Entrepreneurs are the driving force behind innovation, economic growth, and social
progress.

Key Traits of Entrepreneurs

Entrepreneurs share several common traits that enable them to succeed. Below are key traits
with Philippine examples:

1. Innovative
o Entrepreneurs think creatively to solve problems or meet needs in new ways.
o Philippine Example:
Rey Bufi of The Storytelling Project used storytelling as an educational tool in
remote areas to improve literacy among children.
2. Risk-Taker
o They embrace uncertainty and are willing to take calculated risks to achieve
their goals.
 o Philippine Example:
Socorro Ramos, founder of National Book Store, started the business during
World War II and rebuilt it after losses to establish the leading bookstore chain
in the Philippines.
3. Visionary
o Entrepreneurs can foresee potential opportunities others may miss.
o Philippine Example:
Tony Tan Caktiong, the founder of Jollibee, saw an opportunity to create a
fast-food chain catering to Filipino tastes, growing it into a global brand.
4. Persistent
o Success rarely comes easy, so entrepreneurs persevere through challenges and
failures.
o Philippine Example:
Aisa Mijeno, co-founder of SALT (Sustainable Alternative Lighting), faced
technical and funding challenges but persisted in developing a lamp powered
by saltwater to address energy needs in remote areas.
5. Problem-Solver
o Entrepreneurs identify problems and develop practical solutions.
o Philippine Example:
Illac Diaz, founder of Liter of Light, created eco-friendly solar lamps from
recycled plastic bottles, providing light to underserved communities.

Types of Entrepreneurs

1. Small Business Entrepreneurs

o They start and run local businesses to cater to specific community needs.
o Philippine Example:
Sari-sari store owners, tutorial centers, or a barangay-based daycare facility.
2. Social Entrepreneurs
o Focused on addressing social or environmental challenges through sustainable
ventures.
o Philippine Example:
Tony Meloto, founder of Gawad Kalinga, builds homes for the poor while
empowering communities.
3. Corporate Entrepreneurs
o Innovators within large organizations who create new products or initiatives.
o Philippine Example:
Ayala Corporation's initiatives like affordable housing and sustainable urban
development projects led by entrepreneurial teams within the company.
4. Tech Entrepreneurs
o Focus on leveraging technology to address needs or create new markets.
o Philippine Example:
Paul Rivera, co-founder of Kalibrr, developed an AI-powered recruitment
platform to connect job seekers with employers efficiently.
5. Agripreneurs
o Entrepreneurs engaged in agriculture-based ventures, adding value to raw
materials or improving agricultural processes.
 o Philippine Example:
Farmers turning raw produce into organic products, such as the creators of
Malagos Chocolate from Davao, which exports premium cacao products
globally.

Why Entrepreneurship Matters in the Philippines

Entrepreneurship is crucial in the Philippines for several reasons:

1. Economic Growth: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) account for over 99% of
businesses in the country, significantly contributing to the economy.
2. Job Creation: Entrepreneurs generate employment opportunities across industries.
3. Social Change: Social entrepreneurs address pressing issues such as poverty,
education, and environmental degradation.
4. Empowerment: Entrepreneurship enables Filipinos, including marginalized groups,
to achieve financial independence and uplift communities.

Case Study Analysis: Success Story of Jollibee and Gawad Kalinga

1. Jollibee: A Story of Vision and Innovation

Background:
Jollibee, a Filipino fast-food giant, was founded by Tony Tan Caktiong in 1978. Originally a
small ice cream parlor, the business transitioned into a fast-food chain serving Filipino-
flavored meals like Chickenjoy and Jolly Spaghetti. Today, it has expanded globally, with
thousands of branches in multiple countries.

Entrepreneurial Traits Identified:

1. Visionary
o Tony Tan Caktiong saw a gap in the fast-food market for Filipino-style
cuisine. While Western fast-food chains dominated, Jollibee tailored its menu
to local tastes, creating an emotional connection with Filipinos.
o Example: Introduction of the sweet-style Jolly Spaghetti, a uniquely Filipino
twist on pasta.
2. Innovative
o Jollibee adapted Western fast-food concepts but infused them with Filipino
culture and preferences.
o Example: Developing iconic menu items such as Chickenjoy and Halo-Halo
Sundae.
3. Risk-Taker
o Transitioning from an ice cream parlor to a fast-food chain involved
significant risk. Tony Tan Caktiong invested in research, rebranding, and
expansion despite strong competition from global brands like McDonald’s.
4. Persistent
 oJollibee faced early challenges, including competition and financial
constraints. However, Tony Tan Caktiong persisted by innovating and
focusing on customer satisfaction.
5. Customer-Centric
o By listening to customer preferences, Jollibee created a brand that resonated
deeply with Filipino values of family and joy.
o Example: Jollibee’s marketing campaigns often highlight family bonding,
making the brand culturally relevant.

2. Gawad Kalinga: Social Entrepreneurship at its Finest

Background:
Gawad Kalinga (GK), founded by Tony Meloto, is a Philippine-based movement aiming to
eradicate poverty by building empowered communities. GK provides affordable housing,
education, and livelihood programs, transforming the lives of thousands of underprivileged
Filipinos.

Entrepreneurial Traits Identified:

1. Socially Responsible
o Tony Meloto's primary goal was not profit but the empowerment of
communities and the eradication of poverty.
o Example: Constructing sustainable homes for impoverished families and
promoting livelihood projects to ensure long-term community growth.
2. Innovative
o GK created a unique model of partnership, combining resources from private
corporations, local government, and volunteers to fund projects.
o Example: The GK Enchanted Farm, which serves as an incubator for social
enterprises and a sustainable community.
3. Collaborative
o Gawad Kalinga thrives on partnerships with various stakeholders, including
schools, NGOs, and corporations.
o Example: Partnerships with organizations like Shell and San Miguel
Corporation to build housing projects and provide livelihood training.
4. Resilient
o GK faced skepticism and resource limitations in its early years. Tony Meloto
persevered, inspiring trust and dedication from his team and partners.
o Example: Sustained expansion despite funding challenges and scaling the
model across the Philippines.
5. Visionary
o Tony Meloto envisioned a Philippines without slums and took actionable steps
to achieve this by empowering communities to take responsibility for their
transformation.
o Example: GK's "Building Communities to End Poverty" campaign.

Key Takeaways
Both Jollibee and Gawad Kalinga showcase that success in entrepreneurship—whether
business-oriented or socially driven—requires:

1. Vision: The ability to see opportunities where others see obstacles.

2. Persistence: Overcoming challenges to achieve long-term goals.
3. Innovation: Adapting to market or community needs with creative solutions.
4. Customer/Community-Centric Approach: Focusing on the needs and aspirations of
the people they serve.
5. Collaboration: Leveraging partnerships and teamwork to scale impact.

Activity: Brainstorming Education-Related Entrepreneurial Ideas

Objective:

To encourage students to apply entrepreneurial thinking to the education sector by identifying

opportunities to create value for learners, educators, or communities.

Instructions:

1. Divide into Groups:

o Split the class into small groups of 4–6 students. Each group will brainstorm
education-related business ideas relevant to their local community.
2. Brainstorming Session:
o Groups will discuss and identify gaps or challenges in the education system,
such as access to resources, technology, or specific learning needs.
o Encourage students to think creatively and consider how their solutions can
address these challenges.
o Emphasize the importance of sustainability, affordability, and cultural
relevance.
3. Idea Development:
o Each group selects one idea and develops it further by answering the
following:
 Target Audience: Who will benefit? (e.g., students, teachers, or
parents)
 Problem Solved: What issue does it address?
 Proposed Solution: How does it work?
 Local Relevance: Why is it important for the community?
 Resources Needed: What materials, tools, or skills are required?
4. Presentation Preparation:
o Groups create a short presentation (3–5 minutes) outlining their idea, using
simple visuals if possible, PPT presentation
 o Assign roles within the group for the presentation, such as speaker, visual aid
designer, and content organizer.

Examples of Education-Related Entrepreneurial Ideas

1. Community-Based Learning Centers

o Idea: Establish a small learning hub in barangays with Wi-Fi access and
digital resources to support students with limited internet access.
o Target Audience: Rural students who need online resources.
o Problem Solved: Bridging the digital divide.
2. Affordable Tutoring Services
o Idea: Provide after-school tutorial sessions for subjects like math, science, or
English at an affordable price.
o Target Audience: Elementary and high school students struggling with specific
subjects.
o Problem Solved: Enhancing academic performance and reducing dropouts.
3. Customized Educational Materials
o Idea: Create locally themed activity books or learning modules focusing on
Filipino culture and traditions.
o Target Audience: Primary school students and teachers.
o Problem Solved: Making learning engaging and culturally relevant.
4. Mobile Learning Vans
o Idea: A van equipped with books, tablets, and teaching materials that visits
remote areas to provide education and resources.
o Target Audience: Children in remote barangays.
o Problem Solved: Access to quality education for underserved communities.
5. Educational Apps or Games
o Idea: Develop a mobile app teaching basic skills such as reading, writing, or
arithmetic using Filipino language and games.
o Target Audience: Preschool and elementary students.
o Problem Solved: Improving literacy and numeracy rates.

Class Presentations:

1. Presentation Format:
o Each group will present their idea, explaining the target audience, problem
solved, and proposed solution.
2. Q&A Session:
o After each presentation, classmates and the instructor can ask questions or
provide constructive feedback.
3. Vote and Discussion:
o As a class, vote on the most feasible, impactful, or innovative idea.
o Discuss how the winning idea could be implemented in the local community.
Outcome:

Students will gain hands-on experience in entrepreneurial thinking by identifying real-world

problems and proposing creative solutions. This activity reinforces the relevance of
entrepreneurship in education and encourages collaboration and innovation.