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Sociology 146 Chapter 10 Paper

The document discusses the lunar missions involving astronauts collecting rock samples and their subsequent return to Earth, detailing the EVA activities and the command module's reentry. It also covers Young's role in the Space Shuttle program, including his leadership and participation in various missions like STS-1 and STS-9. Additionally, it highlights the challenges faced during the missions and the importance of proper data citation.

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14 views5 pages

Sociology 146 Chapter 10 Paper

The document discusses the lunar missions involving astronauts collecting rock samples and their subsequent return to Earth, detailing the EVA activities and the command module's reentry. It also covers Young's role in the Space Shuttle program, including his leadership and participation in various missions like STS-1 and STS-9. Additionally, it highlights the challenges faced during the missions and the importance of proper data citation.

Uploaded by

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Harvard University - Summer 2022

Sociology 146, Chapter 10 Paper

Professor Jefferson, Section 2

March 17, 2022

Interestingly, : 299 They returned to the lunar module and finished their EVA after seven

hours on the lunar surface. Additionally, The third EVA began on the morning of April 23.

Class Date: 25/1/2024

Teacher’s Feedback: Ensure all data points are properly cited.

PAPER CONTENT:

## Discussion

The two astronauts drove to North Ray crater and collected rock samples from its rim. They

collected further samples from outside the crater to allow scientists to recreate the crater's

stratigraphy using its ejecta. : 301 They returned to the lunar module and parked the rover

to allow its cameras to broadcast their ascent.

## Analysis

: 189 They ended their EVA after five hours; it was shorter than the previous two because of
the delayed landing on the lunar surface. On April 24, the lunar module successfully

ascended into lunar orbit and docked with the command module. : 301 The astronauts

transferred the 94 kg (207 lb) of lunar samples that they collected and jettisoned the lunar

module. The command module completed its trans-Earth injection burn and began its flight

back to Earth, during which time Mattingly performed an EVA to recover film from the

exterior cameras and conduct an experiment on microbe exposure to ultraviolet sunlight.

The command module (CM) reentered the atmosphere on April 27 and landed in the ocean

approximately 350 km (220 mi) southeast of Christmas Island, and the crew was recovered

aboard the USS Ticonderoga.

## Conclusion

: 194 After the mission, Young was assigned as the Apollo 17 backup commander, along with

Duke as the backup lunar module pilot and Stuart A. Roosa as the backup command module

pilot. The backup crew was originally the Apollo 15 crew, but were removed after NASA

management learned of their plan to sell the unauthorized postal covers they took to the

lunar surface. : 198

=== Space Shuttle program ===

In January 1973, Young was made Chief of the Space Shuttle Branch of the Astronaut Office.

At the time, the overall Space Shuttle specifications and manufacturers had been

determined, and Young's role was to serve as a liaison for the astronauts to provide design

input. Young's office recommended changes for the orbiter's RCS thrusters, star tracker, and

thermal radiators.
## Findings

: 213–216 In January 1974, he became Chief of the Astronaut Office after the departure of

Alan B. Shepard Jr. One of his first roles after taking over the office was overseeing the end

of the Skylab program and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission, but the remainder

of the spaceflights during his tenure were Space Shuttle missions. : 216–218 Young flew in

the T-38 Talon chase planes for several of the Approach and Landing Tests (ALT) of the

Space Shuttle Enterprise. : 221

==== STS-1 ====

In March 1978, Young was selected by George W. S. Abbey, then deputy director of the

Johnson Space Center (JSC), to be the commander of STS-1, with Robert L. Crippen flying as

the pilot. : 182 Their backup crew, Joe H. Engle and Richard H. Truly, was the primary crew

for STS-2. : 223 The development of Columbia was delayed because of the longer-than-

predicted installation time of the Space Shuttle thermal protection system.

## Background

: 223 Young and Crippen trained to be able to repair thermal tiles in-orbit, but determined

that they would be unable to repair the tiles during a spacewalk. : 226

The first launch attempt for STS-1 to launch was on April 10, 1981, but the launch was

postponed at T–18 minutes due to a computer error. STS-1 launched at 7:00 a.m. on April
12 from LC-39A at the Kennedy Space Center. : 2–1 The first stage of the launch flew higher

than anticipated, and the solid rocket boosters separated approximately 3,000 m (9,800 ft)

higher than the original plan.

## Discussion (List)

- The rest of the launch went as expected, and STS-1 successfully entered Earth orbit.

- : 230–231 Vice President George H. W. Bush called the crew during their first full day in

orbit to congratulate them on their successful mission.

- : 141–142 The crew inspected their thermal tiles and determined that some had been lost

during launch.

- Amid concerns that the underside of Columbia might have also lost some thermal

shielding, a KH-11 KENNEN satellite was used to image the orbiter and it was determined

that the orbiter could safely reenter the atmosphere.

- : 232 : 336 Young and Crippen tested the orbital maneuvering capabilities of the orbiter, as

well as its mechanical and computer systems.

## Analysis

: 232–234 STS-1 reentered the atmosphere and landed on April 14 at Edwards Air Force

Base, California. : III-24

==== STS-9 ====


As the chief of the Astronaut Office, Young recommended the crews that flew on the

subsequent test and operational Space Shuttle missions. Young would routinely sit in the

simulators alongside the crews to determine their effectiveness, and he flew the Shuttle

Training Aircraft (STA) to test landing approaches prior to the orbiter landing. : 240–242

In 1983, Young flew as the commander of STS-9 aboard Space Shuttle Columbia. His pilot

was Brewster H. Shaw, his two mission specialists were Owen K. Garriott and Robert A.

Parker, and his two payload specialists were Byron K. Lichtenberg and West German

astronaut Ulf Merbold.

## Conclusion

The mission was initially scheduled to launch on October 29, but was delayed by a problem

with the right solid rocket booster.

References / Works Cited:

1. Wikipedia (n.d.). Retrieved from https://wikipedia.org/

2. Random Book Title (2022). Academic Publishing House.

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