1

1 State all the possible sex chromosomes that can be found in a sperm cell.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

2 The three structures listed are found inside cells.

allele chromosome nucleus

List these three components in order of size starting with the smallest.

................................. smallest

.................................

................................. largest
[1]

[Total: 1]

3 Inheritance is the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation.

The boxes on the left show some of the terms used when describing inheritance.

The boxes on the right show definitions for these terms.

Draw four straight lines to link each term with its definition.

term definition

an allele that is expressed if it is present

dominant

genetic make-up of an organism

genotype

having two different alleles of a particular gene

heterozygous

having two identical alleles of a particular gene

phenotype

observable features of an organism

[4]

[Total: 4]
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4 The table contains statements about mitosis and meiosis.

Complete the table by placing ticks (✓) in the boxes to show the correct statements about mitosis
and meiosis.

statement mitosis meiosis

a type of nuclear division

gives rise to genetically different cells

important for the repair of damaged tissues

needed for growth

produces gametes

used in asexual reproduction

[6]

[Total: 6]

5 .

Complete the sentence about breeding.

Two identical homozygous individuals that breed together will be

..................................................... -breeding. [1]

[Total: 1]
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6 The photograph shows a guinea pig with a rough coat and a guinea pig with a smooth coat.

The allele for a rough coat is dominant and represented by the letter R.
The allele for a smooth coat is recessive and represented by the letter r.

The pedigree diagram shows the inheritance of coat texture in some guinea pigs.

State the total number of male guinea pigs in the pedigree diagram.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

7 State the name of the process that produces egg cells.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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8 The photograph shows a guinea pig with a rough coat and a guinea pig with a smooth coat.

The allele for a rough coat is dominant and represented by the letter R.
The allele for a smooth coat is recessive and represented by the letter r.

The pedigree diagram shows the inheritance of coat texture in some guinea pigs.

State the total number of guinea pigs with smooth coats in the pedigree diagram.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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9 The inheritance of coat texture in guinea pigs is controlled by a single gene.

Define the term gene.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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10 The photograph shows a guinea pig with a rough coat and a guinea pig with a smooth coat.

The allele for a rough coat is dominant and represented by the letter R.
The allele for a smooth coat is recessive and represented by the letter r.

The pedigree diagram shows the inheritance of coat texture in some guinea pigs.

State the letter of a guinea pig that has a homozygous dominant genotype in the pedigree diagram.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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11 One type of nuclear division produces genetically identical cells.

State the name and one role of the type of nuclear division that produces genetically identical cells.

name ........................................................................................................................................

role ...........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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12 The photograph shows a guinea pig with a rough coat and a guinea pig with a smooth coat.

The allele for a rough coat is dominant and represented by the letter R.
The allele for a smooth coat is recessive and represented by the letter r.

Two guinea pigs are bred together.

• The genotype of the male guinea pig is RR .

• The genotype of the female guinea pig is Rr.

Complete the Punnet square to show the:

• possible genotypes of the offspring from this cross

• the probability of offspring having a smooth coat.
male

......................... .........................

......................... ......................... ........................

female
......................... ......................... .........................

probability of offspring having a smooth coat .....................................................

[3]

[Total: 3]

13 State the type of nuclear division that is used for growth.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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14 Abnormal red blood cells occur because of a mutation in the gene for haemoglobin.
A
The allele for the normal form of haemoglobin is Hb .
S
The allele for the abnormal form of haemoglobin is Hb .

Draw a genetic diagram to determine the probability of two heterozygous parents having a child
S
who does not have the Hb allele.

offspring genotypes ..................................................................................................................

S
probability of offspring not having the Hb allele ...................................................................... [5]

[Total: 5]
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15 Colour blindness can be caused by a mutation in a gene. The gene is located on the X chromosome.

The pedigree diagram is for a family which has several people who are colour-blind.

Colour blindness is sex-linked.

State the genotype of person 5.

Use the symbols X and Y for the sex chromosomes and A for the dominant allele and a for the
recessive allele of the gene for colour blindness.

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

16 State why it is important that sperm and egg cells are haploid and not diploid.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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17 The diagram below shows the hand of a person who suffers from a mutation that results in people
having more than five digits on each hand (polydactyly).

The mutation that results in this condition is dominant.

The diagram below shows a family tree of how the condition is inherited in a family.
 12

State the genotype of the individuals shown in the family tree.

Use AA, Aa or aa.

Write your answers in the table below.

numbered person on
genotype of person
family tree

[4]

[Total: 4]
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18 The boxes on the left contain some genetic terms.

The boxes on the right contain definitions of genetic terms.

Draw one straight line to join each term to its correct definition.

Draw only five lines.

One example has been done for you.

[5]

[Total: 5]
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19 The boxes on the left contain some genetic terms and the boxes on the right contain definitions of
these genetic terms.

Draw one straight line to join each term with its correct definition. Draw only six lines.

[5]

[Total: 5]

20 The number of human male and female babies born is approximately equal.

The diagram below is an incomplete diagram to show the inheritance of the sex chromosomes in
humans.
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mother father

parents XX XY

gametes eggs sperm

children

(a) (i) Complete the diagram above by filling in the sex chromosomes of the gametes and
children. [2]

(ii) The couple in the diagram above are expecting another child.

State the probability (chance) that it will be a boy.

........................... [1]

(iii) Write a letter M on the diagram above to show where meiosis occurs.

[1]

[Total: 4]

21 One role of mitosis is to repair damaged tissues.

State two other examples of when mitosis occurs.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]
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22 Define the term mitosis.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

23 Which of these cells is haploid?

A liver cell
B red blood cell
C sperm cell
D zygote
[1]

[Total: 1]

24 What results from meiosis of a diploid cell?

A genetically different diploid cells

B genetically different haploid cells
C genetically identical diploid cells
D genetically identical haploid cells
[1]

[Total: 1]

25 Which term describes the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next?

A genetic engineering
B inheritance
C natural selection
D variation
[1]

[Total: 1]
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26 Which process involves meiosis?

A growth of cells
B production of gametes
C repair of damaged tissues
D replacement of cells
[1]

[Total: 1]

27 Name the type of cell division that produces gametes.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

28 The diagram shows four cells.

Which cell is produced by meiosis?

A B C D

[1]

[Total: 1]

29 What is produced when a cell undergoes mitosis once?

A four new cells which are different from each other and from their parent cell
B four new cells which are identical to each other and to their parent cell
C two new cells which are different from each other and from their parent cell
D two new cells which are identical to each other and to their parent cell
[1]

[Total: 1]
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30 A female guinea pig that was pure-breeding for white fur, mated with a male guinea pig that was
pure-breeding for brown fur.

All the offspring had brown fur.

One of the male offspring mated with a female with white fur.

What proportion of white offspring would be expected from this cross?

A none
B one quarter
C one third
D one half
[1]

[Total: 1]

31 Which statements about mitosis are correct?

1 Mitosis produces genetically identical cells.

2 Mitosis produces genetically different cells.

3 Mitosis produces gametes.

4 Mitosis produces body cells.

A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 3 and 4 D 2 and 3

[1]

[Total: 1]

32 In some plants, H is the dominant allele for hairy stems and h is the recessive allele for smooth
stems.

A pair of these plants produce 37 offspring, 18 with hairy stems and 19 with smooth stems.

What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?

A HH x HH B Hh x Hh C Hh x hh D hh x hh
[1]

[Total: 1]

33 State the term that is defined as the observable features of an organism.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
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[Total: 1]

34 Explain why the sex of a child is determined by its father.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

35 Explain why it is important for gametes to be haploid.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

36 Explain why the nuclei of sperm cells differ from those of other cells in males.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

37 Define the term haploid nucleus.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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38 A rabbit with brown fur is mated with a rabbit with black fur.

Complete the genetic diagram to show the possible fur colours that could occur from this mating.

[4]

[Total: 4]
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39 A rabbit that was homozygous for black fur was crossed with a rabbit that was homozygous for
brown fur.

All of their offspring had black fur.

This is shown in the diagram.

State the dominant allele for fur colour and give a reason for your answer.

dominant allele .........................................................................................................................

reason ......................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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40 A rabbit that was homozygous for black fur was crossed with a rabbit that was homozygous for
brown fur.

All of their offspring had black fur.

This is shown in the diagram.

Define the term homozygous.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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