UNIT -4

Input and Output Devices

LH: 4 Hrs
Contents:
1. Input and Output Devices:
Introduction
Input-Output Unit
Input Devices
Human Data Entry Devices
Source Data Entry Devices
Output device
I/O Port
Working of I/O System]
2. Input and Output Devices: [Introduction, Input-Output
Unit, Input Devices, Human Data Entry Devices, Output
devices, I/O Port, Working of I/O System]
- The input Accessories
- The devices which are used to give data and
instructions to the computer are called input devices.
Various types of input devices can be used with the
computer depending upon the type of data you want to
enter in the computer, e.g. keyboard, mouse, joystick,
light pen etc.

Fig: The input devices or Accessories

Keyboard Devices

A computer keyboard is one of the primary input devices used

with a computer. Similar to an electric typewriter, a keyboard
is composed of buttons that create letters, numbers,
and symbols, as well as perform other functions. There are two
types of keyboard (i) PS2 Keyboard (ii) USB Keyboard

Function Keys (F1-F12)

 Number Keys

Point and Draw Devices

A pointer represents a small symbol on the screen. It usually

appears on the screen in Graphical User Interface (GUI). A
Pointing device is an input device. It is used to control the
movement of the pointer or cursor on the screen.

Example of Pointing Devices are

1. Mouse: Mouse is the most commonly used pointing input

device. It is used to control the cursor or pointer on the
screen and to give commands to the computer, It is very
easy to use. The mouse is attached with the computer by a
cable or wireless connection.

Fig: Mouse
2. Trackball: Trackball is one of the input pointing device, it
performs functions as mouse but it is a still device.

Fig: Trackball
3. Joystick

A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots

on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is
controlling. A joystick, also known as the control column,
Joysticks are often used to control video games, and usually
have one or more push-buttons whose state can also be read by
the computer.

Fig: Joystick
4. Data Scanning Devices
Scanning and reading devices are types of source data entry
machines to input automatically data (i.e. prices, code, etc.) in
digital form from external sources like bar code to the
computer. These types of machine-readable data differ from
keyboard data-entry. The main difference between keyboard
entry and source data entry is the form of entering data, while
scanning devices scan data automatically, in the keyboard you
need to type or enter prices or data on the keyboard. Example
of Data scanning devices are Scanner, barcode reader etc.

5. Digitizer

Digitizer is one of the input device which is used for convert

the analog signal and electrical signal to the computer. A
digitizer is a tool is to convert and drawn images into a format
suitable for computer processing. In other words, it is also
called mechanical device, it is a pressure sensitive device by
pen on digitizer.

Fig: Digitizer
1. Electronic Card Based Devices
An electronic card (e-card) is a special card which is used for
doing certain activities anywhere any time. The examples of
electronic card are ATM card, Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) card, and Subscriber Identify Module (SIM) card etc.

The electronic card based devices are these devices which is

interact with e-cards for some transactions or events. The
example of e-card based devices are ATM machine, Billing
machine etc.

Fig: Electronic card based devices

2. Speech Recognition Devices

Alternatively referred to as speech recognition, voice
recognition is a computer software program or hardware
device with the ability to decode the human voice. Voice
recognition is commonly used to operate a device, perform
commands, or write without having to use a keyboard, mouse,
or press any buttons.
Example of speech recognition devices are microphone with
headset, soundcard, and smart phone etc.

Fig: Microphone as voice recognition device

Fig: Smartphone as a voice recognition device

3. Vision Based Devices

Vision based device are these devices which helps to see the
images, pictures, and environment in real world. The example
of vision based device are digital camera, telescope, and
microscope etc. in other words or scientifically computer
vision is concerned with the theory and technology for
building artificial systems that obtain information from images
or multi-dimensional data.

Fig: Webcam

Fig: mobile phone’s inbuilt cam

The output Devices

The devices which are used to display the results or
information are called Output Devices. You can view the
output on the monitor or you can print it on a paper using a
printer. Monitor and printer are commonly used output
devices.
Types of Output Devices
 Monitor
 Printer
 Speaker

 Monitor

A monitor is an electronic visual computer display that

includes a screen, circuitry and the case in which that circuitry
is enclosed. Older computer monitors made use of cathode ray
tubes (CRT), which made them large, heavy and inefficient.
Nowadays, flat-screen LCD & LED monitors are used in
devices like laptops and desktop computers because they are
lighter and more energy efficient.

A monitor is also known as a screen or a visual display unit

(VDU).

Types of Monitor

CRT LED LCD

CRT Monitor: Short for cathode ray tube, a CRT is the
electron beams in a monitor that move across your screen
either interlaced or non-interlaced, hitting phosphor dots on
the inside glass tube. The picture is an example of the inside of
a computer monitor that shows the CRT connected to the
screen. In other words, A CRT monitor contains millions of
tiny red, green, and blue phosphor dots that glow when struck
by an electron beam that travels across the screen to create a
visible image.

Fig: CRT Monitor

LED Monitor:

LED Display (light-emitting diode display) is a screen display

technology that uses a panel of LEDs as the light source.
Currently, a large number of electronic devices, both small and
large, use LED display as a screen and as an interaction
medium between the user and the system. Modern electronic
devices such as mobile phones, TVs, tablets, computer
monitors, laptops screens, etc., use a LED display to display
their output.
 Fig: LED Monitor

LCD Monitor

A liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor is a computer monitor

or display that uses LCD technology to show clear images, and
is found mostly in laptop computers and flat panel monitors.
This technology has replaced the traditional cathode ray tube
(CRT) monitors, which were the previous standard and once
were considered to have better picture quality than early LCD
variants. With the introduction of better LCD technology and
its continuous improvement, LCD is now the clear leader over
CRT, in terms of color and picture quality, not to mention
capabilities for large resolutions. Also, LCD monitors may be
made much more cheaply than CRT monitors.

LCD Monitor
 Printer
A printer is an output device that prints paper documents. This
includes text documents, images, or a combination of both.
The printed output produced by a printer is often called a hard
copy, which is the physical version of an electronic document.
While some printers can only print black and white hard
copies, most printers today can produce color prints.

Printer

Impact Printer Non-Impact Printer

Character Line Character Page Printer

Printer Printer Printer
Laser printer
Dot-Matrix Printer Ink Jet printer

Plotter

A plotter is a printer designed for printing vector graphics.

Instead of printing individual dots on the paper, plotters draw
continuous lines. This makes plotters ideal for printing
architectural blueprints, engineering designs, and
other CAD drawings. It is also one kinds of output device,
which produce hardcopy output. Basically it is used for
producing engineering maps.

Fig: Plotter

Screen Image Projector

A projector or image projector is an optical device that

projects an image (or moving images) onto a surface,
commonly a projection screen. Most projectors create
an image by shining a light through a small transparent lens,
but some newer types of projectors can project
the image directly, by using lasers.
 Fig: Projector

I/O Port
I/O Port is stands for Input/output Port. An I/O port is a socket
on a computer that a cable plugged into. The port connects the
CPU to a peripheral device via a hardware interface or to the
network via a network interface.

 Parallel Port
 Serial Port
 USB Port
 Fire wire
Working of I/O System
The working of I/O system combines I/O hardware and I/O
software. The I/O hardware includes ports, buses and device
controllers for different devices, and I/O devices. The I/O
software is the device driver software that may be embedded
with operating system or comes with each device. The
working of I/O system is described as follows:

 I/O Devices are attached to computer via the ports of

computer. There are many standard ports available on the
backside of the computer case like serial port and parallel
port. If one or more devices use a common set of wires, it
is called a bus. For example, PCI bus, PCI Express bus, etc.
 Device Controller operates on a bus, a port or a device. It
controls the signals on the wires of port or bus. The
controllers have one or more registers for data and control
signals. Controller may be simple like a serial port
controller for a serial port, or, complex like a Small
Computer System Interface(SCSI) controller. Some devices
have their own built-in controllers.
 Device Driver is software via which the operating system
communicates with the device controllers. Each device has
its own device driver, and a device controller which is
 specific to the device. The device drivers hide the
differences among the different device controller and
present a uniform interface to the operating system.
 Application programs use an I/O device by issuing
commands and exchanging data with the device driver. The
device driver provides correct commands to the controller,
interprets the controller register, and transfers data to and
from device controller registers as required for the correct
device operation.
 Q&A
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