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The document provides a series of examples for estimating the costs of various types of buildings, including residential, factory, and public structures, using different methods such as plinth area rates and cube rate estimates. Each example outlines the necessary calculations, including total carpet area, plinth area, and additional costs for services and contingencies. The final estimates are presented in monetary terms, demonstrating the application of estimating techniques in construction projects.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
34 viewsRates
The document provides a series of examples for estimating the costs of various types of buildings, including residential, factory, and public structures, using different methods such as plinth area rates and cube rate estimates. Each example outlines the necessary calculations, including total carpet area, plinth area, and additional costs for services and contingencies. The final estimates are presented in monetary terms, demonstrating the application of estimating techniques in construction projects.
Uploaded by
shang chiCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 23
estimating and Costing _
_____Apraximate Estimates
example 2.3 : Prepare approximate estimate for small residential building using folowing data
{_ sr..No. Room | Numbers _|
1. Drawing hall | __ 3.6m» 5.0m a1 ZZ
2 | Bedroom 22m» 5.5m 1
3 Kitchen 2.7m=5.5M a1
4 Toilet block 2.6m «3.0m 02 |
plinth area rate # 15000/- square metre.
Solution + Total carpet area (3.6 * 5.0 « 1) + (2.7% 5.5% 1) +(2.7-5.5% 1) + (2.8 «3.0% 2)
= 64,50 mi?
Add 20% for area under walls
Total plinth area = 64,50 «1.2 = 7.4m"
Total approximate cost of the residential building
= 77.4 «Rate/m? = 77.4% 15000 = @11,61,000/-
Example 2.4 : Prepare approximate estimate for small residential bullding USIP2 following data:
Sr.No. | Room Size ‘Numbers
1 Drawing hall 4.0 «5.0m ol
= Bed room 2.7% 5.5m 03
3. Kitchen 2.7*5.5m o1
4 ToHlet block 2.8 «3.0™ 02
phinth area rate ¢20000/- rm’.
Solution : Total carpet area = (4.0 5.0) «1 + (2.7 * 5.5) «3 + (2.7 « 5.5) * 1+ (2.8 * 3.0) «2
= 96.20 m*
Add 20% for area under walls
Total plinth area = 96.20«1.2 = 115.44 m*
Total approximate cost of building = 115.44» 20000 = % 23,08,800/-
Example 2.5 : Prepare approximate estimate ‘af a factory building from following data :
(1) Office premises - R.C.C. framed typé- Total area 150 sq.m. built-up.
(2) Workshop - 4 bays of size 4m «8. with Ioad bearing walls and A.C, sheet roof.
(3) Plinth area rates
(i) RCC building ~& 18500/- sa. metre
(i) Load bearing building ® 6500/- $9- metre.
Solution : Approximate estimate of 2 factory building :
(1) Office premises :
Total built-up area = 1500.
Rate per sq.m = % 18500
Approximate cost = Total bullt-up area » Rate per sq.m
= 150 « 18500 = © 27,75,000
(2) Workshop with 3 bays +
Size of one bay = 4*8 = 3260 m
Cost of one bay = Size of one Day * pate of each bay = 326500 = % 2,08,000
‘Approximate cost = Number of bays » Cost of one bay = %4> 208000 = 832000
Total Approximate cost of factory building
Cost of office premises + Cost of workshop
= 37,75,000 + 832,000 = © 28,5 200 E—E—LESS eer
2-6
Estimating and Coating Aeptertee
Example 2.6 : Prepare an approximate estimate of a town hall building having plinth area way
1800 m’.
(1) Plinth area rate as ¢ 5200 per m’,
(2) Speciat architectural treatment = 3% of cost of building.
(3) Water supply and sanitary installation = 8% of cost of building.
(4) Electric installation = 8% of cost of building. |
(5) Other services = 6% of cost of building.
(6) Contingencies = 2% of overall cost of building.
(7) Supervision charges = 10% of overall cost of building. ay
Solution :
= 1800 x 5200 = %93,60,000/-
(1) Cost of building = Plinth area x rate =
(2) Cost of special architectural treatment = 3% of 93,60,000/-
(3) Cost of water supply and sanitary installation
% 2,80,000/-
= 8% of 93,60,000/- = 785 x 93,60,000 = ¢ 7,48,800/-
(4) Cost of electric installation = 8% of 93,60,000/-
= 785» 93,60,000 = & 7,48,800/-
(5) Cost of other services = 6% of 93,60,000/- = to* 93,60,000 = %5,61,600/-
Overall cost = 93,60,000 + 2,80,800 + 7,48,800 + 7,48,800 + 5,61,600
= %1,17,00,000/-
(6) Cost of contingencies = 2% of 1,17,00,000/- = 735 x 1,17,00,000 = % 2,34,000/-
(7) Supervision charges = 10% of 1,17,00,000/- = ite 1,17,00,000 = % 11,70,000/-
Total cost = 1,17,00,000 + 2,34,000 + 11,70,000 = € 1,31,04,000/-
Example 2.7 : Prepare approximate estimate of a town hail building having plinth area equal t
(1500 m’.
(1) Plinth area rate - ® 4000 per m*.
(2) Water supply and sanitary installation - 5% of cost of building.
(3) Electric installation - 10% of cost of butlaing.
(4) Other services ~ 5% of cost of building.
(5) Contingencies ~ 3% of overall cost of building.
(6) Supervision charges ~ 8% of overall cost of building.
Solution :
(1) Cost of town hall = Plinth area x Rate
= 1500 m? x 4000% = 60,00,000/- = 60 lakh
(2) Cost of water supply and sanitation installation = 5% of cost of building
Ss
= Top * 60,00,000/- = 3,00,000/- = 3 lakh
(3) Electric installation = 10% of bullding = 65 x 60,00,000/- = 6,00,000/- = 6 lakh
ices = i =i
(4) Other services = 5% of cost of building = 365 x 60,00,000/- = 3,00,000/- = 3 lakh
(5) Contingencies = 3% of overall cost of building
= 735 «(60 lakh + 3 lakh + 6 lakh + 3 lakh]
= 0.03 x 72 lakh = 216000 = 2 lakh 16 thousands eetmating and Costing mer
(6) Su
Appronimate Fatienstes
prvision charges = 84% of overall cost of building
8
100 * 72 kh = 576000 = 5 lakh 76 thousands
(7) Approximate estimate of town hall is
72 lakh + 2 lakh 16 thousands + 5 lakh 76 thousands = 79.92 lakh
Example 2.8 + The cost of construction of Govt. Polytechnic Nanded Building is 2 crores for
capacity of 500 students and area of construction about 2000 m’. Prepare approximate estimate of
a pewly proposed of Gavt. Polytechnic Building for 1200 students with the area 5000 m'
Solution : (a) By using Plinth Area method :
Rate of construction per sq.m, = eae = © 10,000/- per sq. m
(b) Approximate cost of proposed polytechnic
= Rate per sq. m. « Proposed area of construction
= 10,0000 « 5000 = 500,00,000 (5 crores)
Note : Unit of area is given in question as m? but it should be considered as m’.
Example 2.9 : Prepare approximate estimate for public bullding from given data :
(i) Plinth area = 2200 sq.m. }
Gi) Plinth area rate = 3500 sq.m.
(il) Electric installation charges = 8% of cost of building
(iv) Water supply charges = 3% of cost of building
(v) Contingencies = 2% of overall cost of building
(vi) Engineer supervision charges = 4% of overall cost of building. w
Solution : Approximate estimate for public building :
(i) Cost of building = Plinth area x Rate = 2200 x 3500 = ¢ 7700000/-
(li) Cost of electric installation charges = 8% of cost of building = & (7700000) = @ 616000/-
335 ~ (7700000) = & 231000/-
(ili) Cost of water supply = 3% of cost of building
Overall cost of building = (7700000 + 616000 + 231000) = ¥ 8547000/-
(iv) Cost of contingencies = 2% of overall cost of bullding = 345 x (8547000) = € 170940/-
(v) Engineer supervision charges = 4% of overall cost of building
= Tgp ~ (8547000) = € 341880/-
Total cost = (8547000 + 170940 + 341880) = € 9059820/- r
Hence, approximate estimate of given public building is ¥ 9059820/-.
Example 2-20 : Prepare approximate estimate of a building using following deta :
(i) Proposed area of the building 150 sq.m. /
(ii) Similar types of building is recently constructed in nearby focality having built-up area
110 sq.m. and the total cost of construction is 712 lakhs.
12,00,000
Solution : Built-up area rate = ““t49 10,909.1 per sq.m.
Approximate cost of proposed bullding = 10,909.1 = 150 = % 16,36,365/-
Example 2.11 : Prepare approximate estimate for high schoo! bullding from Folto
(i) Proposed plinth area = 2500 sq.m.
(ii) Plinth area rate = 4000 sq.m.
(ili) Water supply charges = 3% of cost of building.
ea
wing data ABECORITA Eating,
Estimating and Costing
tric installation charges = 10% of cost of bullding-
iw)
(¥) Contingencies = 3% of overall cost of bullINd: s&s 9,00000/-
Solution : Cost of building = plinth area » Rate = 2500 « 4 .
-3_, 199,00000 = # 300000/-
Water supply charges = 3% of cast of building = 300
-10_, sgq00000 = % 1000000/-
Electrical installation charges = 10% of cost of building = 190
Overall cost = 10000000 + 300000 + 1000000 = € 11,300,009/%
«11300000 = 3,39000/-
3
Contingencies = 3% of overall cost = 799
7 11,639,000/-
Approximate Estimate = 11,300,000 + 339000 =
ae i . The known co:
Example 3442 : The plinth area of a proposed building 'S 390 = ae sq.m. Cook
construction for similar structure 1s € 19,38,000 having plinth 21 TE
approximate cost of proposed building.
Solution : Given : Plinth area of proposed building : 390 sq. my .
Known cost of similar structure : 19,35,000, Plinth area : 215 Sq-m.
t _ 19.35,000 _
Plinth area rate = Samsttuctloncost . 1255500 = ¢ goad per sam
Approximate cost of proposed building = Plinth area x Plinth area rate
390 x 9000 = % 3,510,000
Example 2.13 t Prepare approximate estimate from following data for 2 school building :
(i) Number of classroom - 12, (ii) Area of each classroom — 50m?
(ili) Area of other facilities - 150m’.
‘Similar school building having same specification and having built-up area of 1750 om was
Tag
constructed at @71,26,000.
Solution : Given : Number of classrooms ; 12,
Area of each classroom : 50 m?, Area of other facilities : 150 m*
Total area for given school building = (12 « 50) + 150 = 750 m*
i Estimated cost of structure _ 71,26,000 _
Plinth area rate = “Totai built or Plinth area ~ 1750 ~ © 4072
Approximate cost of school building = Plinth area rate x Total plinth area
4072x750 = 30,54,000
Approximate cost of school building = % 30,54,000/-
Example 2.14 : Prepare approximate estimate of a public building having plinth area equal to
1800 sq. m.
(i) Plinth area rate as #3500 sq. m.
(ii) Special architectural treatment = 3% of cost of building.
(ii) Water supply and sanitary installation = 5% of cost of building.
(iv) Electric installation = 14% of cast of building.
(v) Other services = 5% of cost of building.
(vi) Contingencies = 3% of overall cost of building.
(vii) Supervision charges = 8% of overall cost of building.
Solution:
(i) Cost of construction = Rate x Area = 3500 x 1800 = 26,300,000
(ii) Special architectural treatment = 3% of cost of building
3
= Fo (6,300,000) = 1,89,000 Approximate Estimates
sce
sian
(ji) Water supply and sanitary installation = 59% of cost of building
5
= 785 (6,300,000) = 3,15,000
Gu) Electric installation = 14% of cost of building = 7gp (6,300,000) = 8,92,000
(v) Other services = 5% of cost of building = 785 (6,300,000) = 3,15,000
overall cost of building = 6,300,000 + 1,89,000 + 3,15,000 + 8,82,000 + 3,15,000
8,001,000
‘add contingencies = 3% of overall cost of building = Taq (8,001,000) = 2,40,030
Add supervision charges = 8% of overall cost of building
785 (8,001,000) = 6,40,080
_ Grand total = 8,001,000 + 2,40,030 + 6,40,080_= 8,881,110
Zzample 2.45 : The cost of construction of schoo! building Is 2.50 crores for 2 capacity ‘of 600
Pudents and area of construction is 1600 mr. Prepare approximate estimate of a newly proposed
Choo! building for 1500 students with the area of 5000 m*. Use pllnth area method.
ing schoo! building = 25000800 ~ 15625 e/m*
solution : Rate of plinth area of e7
Then,
‘The approximate cost of newly proposed schoo! building plinth
Total plinth area of proposed building « Cost per area of similar existing building
= 15625 » 50000 = 7.8125 crores. _
Examples on Service Unit Method and _ ee
Cubic content Method of Approximate Estimates
Example 2.16 : A residential building of g + 4 has been constructed in Pune and having a plinth
area of 1200 m’. Height of building is 16.5 m above ground. The cost of construction of the
building is 6,00,00,000/-. Using method of cube rate estimate, prepare an estimate of a building of 12
im height and area at plinth 2900 m*. It has four floors.
Cost of construction
Solution: _Rate of construction on cube rate basis = “Volume of building
__ §,00,00,000 _ 6,00,00,000
= ReH | > 1200% 16.5
% 3030.30
Approximate estimate of new building = Rate/m? x Volume of new building
_ 3030.30 » (Ax H) = 3030.30 « (2900 12) = % 10,54,54440/-
Example ‘A hospital building of 150 beds is constructed in Talegaon in the cost of
camer tio? of 8 5 cr. Find the approximate estimate of a small hospital of 35 beds in the similar
locality by using service unit method.
Cost of construction _ §,00,00,000
teition: Rate per sacvica unit COLTS E SS = eg, = €35993599 per bad
Approximate cost of newly proposed hospital of 35 beds
____= Number of beds » Rate per bed = 35 « 333333.33 = 11666666.66/- _
Example 2.18 : Prepare the approximate estimate of a bridge having 4 spans of 42 m each usin:
following data.
Cost of existing bridge % 150 cr. Existing bridge having 3.3 spans of 50 m each.
Solution : Total ienath of bridge = 4 + 42 = 165m ‘Approximate
Cost of existing bridge = 150 cr
Total length of existing bridge = 3.5 » 5
Rate of construction per metre length = "465 t
Rate » 168m = 9.09 » 10!
0 = 165m
150, 10’% _ ggg, 10°?
x 168%
152 «10°@= 152crore@
the cost of existing bri
Approximate cost of a new bridge =
Example 2.49 + Prepare an estimate for two span bridge ‘of 40 m each,
Is © 50,000/-per metre.
Solution : Data Given : Span = 40 m, Number of span = 2,
Cost of existing bridge = 50000 per metre.
Total length of proposed bridge = 2 x 40 = 80 m.
Rate of construction per metre = 50000 /m
Approximate cost of new bridge = 50000 x 80 = 4000000/-
Hence, approximate estimate of bridge Is ¥ 4000000/-.
Example 2,20°: Prepare an estimate for 3 span bridge of 4
#40,000/-per metre.
Solution : Data : No of bays = 3, Each span = 40 m
Cost of existing bridge is € 40,000/- per metre.
Total length of bridge = 3 « 4 120m,
Cost of bridge per metre = % 40000
Approximate cost of new bridge = 120 x 40000 = % 4800000/-
Approximate estimate of bridge is ¢ 4800000/-.
Example 2.21 : Prepare approximate estimate of a bridge having 5 spans of 40 m each usit
following data :
(i) Cost of existing bridge - 1.2 cr.
(ii) Existing bridge having 3 span of 50 m each.
Solution : Cost of existing bridge = ¥ 1.2 Cr. = 1,20,00,000/-
Total length of existing bridge = 3 x 50 = 150 m
Cost of existing bridge Per ‘m’ length = :2%90.008 _ & g9,090/- per ‘m’
(0 m each, the cost of existing bridge ig
Total length of new bridge = 5 x 40 = 200 m
Approximate cost for new bridge = 80,000 x 200 = % 1,60,00,000/-
Approximate Estimated Cost of Bridge = % 1.6 Cr.
Example repare approximate estimate of a bridge having 4 spans of 50 m each using
following date
(i) Cost of existing bridge % 1.5 cr.
(il) Existing bridge having 3.3 spans of 60 m each.
Solution : Length of existing bridge = No. of spans x Length of each span = 3.3 x 60 = 198 m.
Cost
Rate per metre length = Cenath = 4.50,00,000 = 35757.58
Length of new bridge = 4 x 50 = 200m
Approximate cost of new bridge = 200 x 75757.58 = % 15151516.
Example 2.23 : Prepare approximate estimate of a building using following data :
y po built-up area of the building Is 135 sq.m.
imilar type of st is
cansruton 19/95,000 nearby area last year” Tee 105 81. ad the ttl cos
(iii) 10% increase in rate is observed in fast twelve months. 2 S Approtimate Eatimates
solution : Proposed built-up area of the building Is 135 sq.m.
similar type of structure with built-up area 105 sq.m, Total cost is 19,95,000.
Cost of structure per sq.m of built-up area = 2229-299 _ 19,99/.
There was 10% increase in rate observed in jast twelve months.
0 increase in rate per sq.m = 1900
Approximate cost of proposed building is = Area x Rate = 135 x 20,900 = 28,21,500/-
2.3 APPROXIMATE ESTIMATE FOR ROADS AND HIGHWAYS i
+ The unit to be adopted to determine approximate cost of new proposed highway is per km or
per mile basis.
«The cost of road per km depends upon nature of road (national or state highway or vilage road
etc.) width of road, thickness of metaling pavement surface, temporary and permanent
acquisition of land, topography and cross drainage works.
+ Thus, by knowing the cost of construction per km length of a similar road, approximate
estimate of proposed road can be prepared,
+ For example, state highway of 10 km is constructed in % 50,00,000/-. Therefore, approximate
cost per km length is € 5,00,000/-.
Ea
2.3.1 Approximate Estimate of Railway Project
+ For estimate of a railway project main items or work are foundation, embankment in cutting
and banking, bridges, culverts, level and road crossing, fencing, boundary, km post, gradient
post, office building, platform, staff quarters, workshops, sanitary arrangements etc.
+ Railway estimates are prepared by knowing the cost per km of recently constructed similar
railway line i.e. same gauge, sleeper, ballast etc. While preparing approximate estimate, cost of
land acquisition should also be included.
Table : Typical Approximate Estimate
Sr. No. Particulars Qty. Rate (%) Cost (2)
1 Preliminary works and surveying ikm_ {30,000 30,000
2 Land =
Permanent 1km_ |3,00,000 3,00,000
Temporary 1km_|2,64,000 '2,64,000
Foundation 1km |11,88,000 _|3,48,000
Bridges and culverts 1km_ |6,90,000 6,90,000
|S. _|Level end road crossing 1km_|3,00,000 '3,00,000
6. __|Fencing ikm {48,000 /48,000
L 7.__ [Boundary and gradient posts ikm |62,400 62,400
|Ballast - below sleeper |
\Main tine 1km_ |5,40,000 5,40,000
|Siding tine 1km_|30,000 30,000
9. _|Railway track 1km_|1,44,00,000 __|1,44,00,000
10, [Signal lines and telegraph lines 1km_|1,44,000 1,44,000
11. _ [station platforms 1km_|3,96,000 3,96,000
12. _|Station building 150 sq. m. x 10,000/- - _|18,00,000 _|18,00,000 Solved Exam,
wantity of Mate ples on Calculation of
_ rials Required for an Item
* r :
250mm mm. The span of beam is 3, on degre 8 PES BS Of abe
-}— Sone mn
Fig. 4.1,
H = 0.500 m
Solution : Given: L=3m, 8 = 0.25,
(i) Materials for concrete : ‘
Volume of beam (Vi) = Lx 8x H = 3x 0.25 x 0.5 = 0.375 m?
Volume of dry concrete mix, including voi
. ids, was
V2 = 1.52% 0.375 = 0.5625 m? ms idan
warty of = a . 0.5625
Quantity ofcement (Ws) = arg = Ts24a = 0.080 m? !
9.080 _ NA
0.035 Volume of one bag of cement
Quantity of fine aggregate = V3 » b = 0.08 xb = 0.16
Quantity of coarse aggregate = Vx ¢ = 0.08 «c= 0.32
[Note : Volume of one bag of cement = 0.035 m’]
(li) Steet : Assume 1% of volume of concrete. |
Vs = Quantity of steel = 1% of (0.375) = 0.00375 m’
Weight of steel = Vs = Density of steel = 0.00375 7850 = 29.43 kg
[Note : Density of steel is 7850 kg/m’)
Example 4.2 : Calculate the quantity required for 12 mm thick plastering in C.M. (1 : 3) for
100 m? area.
Solution : Given : Area of plastering = 100m’, Thickness = 12 mm
V, = Area » Thickness ;
V, = Volume of plaster (12 mm thick) = At = 100 » 0.012 = 1.2 mv
‘Add 50% for voids and 10% for unevenness. Ie. 60%
Vz = Dry volume of mortar ay x 1 = 2 nom
Vy = Volume of cement = (4b) “143 7 048m
48
umber of bags = Ss" a.o3s ” 17! bee
b= 0.48 «3 = 144m
__Sand =v, _
fsample G3 Calculate the quantity of mater
dy detailed Calculations. It
2, u.C.R. masoney
() Cement in bags for 80 1", pao RC
(i) Steet reinforcement (1 kg) for
is provided.
Solution : (1) volume of UC
Number of bags of cement =
required for the following items of work. Show
als
in CM. (1:3)
CC. work of slab where 0.8% steel reinforcement
a. masonry = Vi = 80 Estimating and Costing am
125 100 m*
(1) Quantity of rubble = v, = 125% of 80m? = 790 * 8?
(2) Volume of dry cement mortar required for U.C.R. mason'y
1
Va = 42% of volume of masonry = 7p * 80 = 33.6
v:
f dry mortar “oa
(2) Quantity of cement = Saararproportions oFcement mortar ~ 2 +B
33.6. 2
= = 338 = 8.4 mi
1+3 ax
Volume of cement = G03
(4) Number of bags of cement = Jojume of one bag of cement ~ 0.035
(il) Stee! reinforcement for 60 m? of R.C.C, slab @ 0.8% steel reinforcement,
Volume of slab = V; = 60 m?
Volume of steel reinforcement, V2 = 0.8% of volume of slab =
Quantity of steel in kilogram, M = Volume of steel x Density of stee!
= 0.48 x 7850 = 3768 kg
Example 4.4 : Work out the quantity of materials required for following items :
(i) 40 m? brick masonry in C.M. 1:6,
(ii) 50 m? 12 mm thick cement plaster in CM. 1:4. a
‘Solution : (i) 40 m® brick masonry in C.M. 1: 6
Number of Bricks @ 500 perm’, N = 40x 500 = 20000 bricks
Volume of brick masonry, V; = 40 m?
= 240 bags
08 2
joo * 60 = 0.48 m
Volume of dry mortar, V2 = 30% of volume of bricks = 30% of Vi = Box 40 = 12m
Volume of one part, Vy = 545 = 7i2g = 1.714 m?
Quantity of volume of one part V:
Volume of one bag of cement = 0.035
S34 = 48.97 bags = 49 bags
(ii) 50 m? 12 mm thick cement plaster in C.M. 1:4
Volume of wet mortar = 50 m?
Volume of dry mortar = 50 x 1.52
(50% extra for voids and 2% wastage) = 76 m*
of im Volume of dry mortar 76
Volume of one part = Sum of proportions of cement mortar = Taq = 15.2m?
Volume of one part _ 15.2
Quantity of cement = Voiume of cement bag ~ 0.035
Number of bags = 434.28 bags
Quantity of sand = Volume of one part 4 = 60.8 m>
Example 4.5 : Calculate the number of bags of cement for 30 m? P..c. (147 6).
Solution : Volume of wet concrete = 30 m?
Volume of dry concrete mix (Add 52% for vaids and wastage) = 1.52 « 39
_ Volume of dry mix
Volume of one part = Sum of proportion of cement, sand and coa
Quantity of cement =
45.6 m?
Irse aggregates
45:5 _ 2
= Tea ee = 3507m
Volume of one part__—_—3.507
Quantity of cement = Vojume of one bag of cement = 0.935 = 100.21 bags
___ ey ate oF one ag coment 0.035 = 100.21 bags tenatng and Conting
4.6 : Esti
example timate the
fre 6m SAM With PLCC, 99 CANY OF coment a
3 :, , Sa a
golution : Room size = 6. q A thick in cement conan oe WOO) oe PE: of exam
Thickness Of P.C.C. = 20 em aay om
= 0.2
aeey pee Vi Ares. thick
He ity Of dry cen * thickness = 24 «0.2 = 4.8 m?
crete a SAB
nce vile ota extra for volds) = 4.8% 1,55 = 7.44 m?
ium af pra concrete _ __,
ee portions of concrete ~ (@+b4o)
i 2a
24a) = 4 = 1.062 m?
Quantity of cement = 1-062
0.035 = 30.36 bags
Quantity of sand = 1,0 =
Quantity of metal = bGR aes
Example 4.7 : Estim, f
ms eos "ae cane be orae) of cement, sand and brick for a wall 5 m fong, 3 m high and
olen rtengoarwann and size of brick (23 cm x 10 cm x 7.5 cm).
Height (H) = 3m
Width (B) = 23cm =0.23m
Volume of brick work (Vi) = LxBxH = 5x0.23x3 = 3.45m!
. Number of bricks (N) = go> ——M4a___ | __345 _
Volume of one brick “ 9.23 x 0.1 x 0.075
Assume 30% volume of bricks is taken by mortar,
Quantity of dry mortar (V2) = 3 * 3.45 = 1.035 m*
Volume of one part (Vs) = ug = $22 = 0.14785 m*
; __ ___ Volume of one part Vy _ 0.14785
Quantity of cement = Jgiame of one bag of cement = 0.035 ~ 0.035 ~ 4224 bags
Quantity of sand = Vs«b = 0.14785x6 = 0.8871 m?
Example 4.8 ; Find quantities of ingredients for
() SMPUCR. int: 6CM.
(i) Ceramic tile flooring for a hall 6 m «1
Solution : Quantities of ingredients
(i) Volume of U.C.R. masonry = 51 2
Dry volume mortar = 42% of volume oF masonry = Toor 5=2am"
Volume of dry mortar - bt aloe
San GF proportions of cement mortar ~ (1 +6)"
volume
= Volume of one bag
was = 8.57 bags = 9 bags
21,6 = 18m
idolume staan Trer® = 7
of
and Volume of stones = 1 “iT
(\)) Area of flooring = 6* 10°
° 2 23m
Volume of flooring = 69 * 1000
= 2000 bricks
0 mon 50 mm thick 1 : 4 CM.
Volume of cement =
Number of cement bags
[" 0.035 m? = 1 bag)
U.C.R. masonry = 1.255 = 6.25 m
——— thmating and Costing a
Wet volume of mortar = 3m! :
=3.75m
Dry volume = 25% more of wet volume = 1.25*3= 3
Volume of cement = 225. 1 = 0.75 m’
- bags
Number of bags of cement = pie = 21.428 bags = Say 22 bag
_ 325 2
Volume of sand = G28... 4 = 3m 60
Area of foo!
Number of ceramic tiles (20. cm « 20cm) = ‘Size of one tile
Example 4.9 : Estimate the quantity of cement, sand and brick for a wall om fong,
2nd 23 cm thick with cement mortar (1 : 5) and size of brick (19 cm x 9cm x9 cm).
Solution : Length of wall = 6m
Height of wall = 3m
Thickness = 23 cm =0.23m
Wall is constructed in brick masonry in C.M. 1: 5
‘ Volume of brick work = 6 x 3x 0.23 = 4.14 m?
Size of brick without joint mortar = 19x 9x9
Size of brick with joint mortar = (20 x 10x 10) cm =0.2* 0.1 x 0.1m
Volume of masonary 4.14
Volume of one brick ~ 0.2% 0.1 «0,1 = 2070 Nos,
= D2 0.2 = 1500 numb,
3.0m big
Number of bricks
and 5% for wastages = iar 2070 = 103.5 = 104
Total number of bricks = 2070 + 104 = 2174
Dry volume = 35% of volume of brick masonry
35
= Goo * 4-14 = 1.449
1.449
+5 = 0.2415
Number of bags of cement = oases =6.9=7 bags
1.44
268 5 = 1.2075 m?
Volume of one part =
Volume of sand
Example 4.10 : Find out total quantity of material required for 25 mP concrete. The proportion!
conerete is 1:2:4,
Solution : Given: Wet volume = 25 m?
Dry volume of concrete 52% more,
Dry volume = 25 + 052 x 25 = 38 m?
Cement required = [38/(1 + 2 + 4)] «1 = 5.4285 m? = 5.4285 / 0.035 = 155 bags.
Fine aggregate = 5.4285 x 2 = 10.86 m?
Coarse aggregate = 5.4285 x 4 = 21.72 m?
Solved Examples on Number of Labours,
Task Work and Transportation Charges of Materials
Example 4.11 : Workout quantities of materials required for 12 mm thicker plaster in C.M-
200 m’ area.
Solution : Given : Thickness of plaster = 12 mm = 0.012 m
Area of plaster = 200 m?, C.M. (1:4) esmatg on C0ntng
volume of wet mix o < Rate Analysis
of
add 52% for dry volume omer fequired = Area = thickness = 200 0.012 © 2.4m
tar for voids, leveling and finishing along wath wastage |
volume of dry mortar =
; 1.52.24 © 3.648 m!
Quantity of cement = Total volume of dry mortar _ 3.648,
_ Sum of proportions 7 (14) 7 072960"
Quantity of cement in bags = ja _c22298—— = 0.7296
Quantity of sand including 5% b necro
grample 412 State eave ing = (0.7296 x 1.05) 4 = 3.068 0
pao york values for the following items of work, on per artesian per
solution > (i) Brick work in CM, 1:5 in °
(ji) White washing 3 coats - 70.00 m? iil
(iii) TW. framing for doors and windows - 0.07 m?
(jv) 12. mm plastering with C.M. (2 : 4) ~ 8.0m’
Grample 4.13 + Work out extra pa
. ment to be paid to the cont
metal, quantity of metal Is 100 m®, load factor i °
71500 per trip. ris 5.75 m? per trip, cost
golution : Given : Total quantity of metal = 100 m?
Load factor = 5.75 m’ per trip
_ Total quantity
number of trips = TAO = # = 17.39 = 18
Cost of transportation per trip of $0 km = 1500
Total cost of transportation = 18 « 1500 = % 27,000.
Extra payment = 27000/-
Example 4.14 : Work out labour ‘component far 10m’ R.C.C. slab (M20) at height 3.0 m from
GL.
Solution : Labour component :
(a) Head mason 1 number per d2¥ @ 1000/-
10 number per day @ 600/-
= 20.84 bags
=
sractor for 50 km extra lead of
tof transportation for $0 krn
1000/-
6000/-
(2) Conereter
(3) Mazdoor 10 numbers pet day © 500/- = 5000/-
(4) Bhisti 5 number per dav @ 400/- % 2000/-
(5) Sundries and tools and plants @lumpsum = © 1000/-
to! = € 15000/-
a
Tia oo carrying capacity of truck of 3 19M § ton and & ton for the following
(il), Bricks.
Example 4.15 : State the load
material : (i) Cement in bags, (il) ‘sand/Metal,
Solution =
cement Som
2 ~o0 Mumba 2000 Nunes
3 spe TabOur component required fOr execution of 35 m? brickwork In
it the
Example 4.16 + Work ou
SL it erstructure
uperstructure. ent for 35,7 DICK ‘work in SUP
Solution : Labour compo” aaa? Ayx38=2
(1) Head mason at # ate of one Per 2
. Hole drier
Mazdoor male y
ae pe
Fuse for dynamite : 29
|__Tools and Plants | i st
500
| Total) 7000/-
‘Add 1.5% water charges 105/-
tt 1096 Contractors prot zoo- __|
sac = ‘05 __———_____ Grand totai | 7805/- |
= 3 780.50/-
Sample 4.191 Fepateraw ‘analysis for
solution : (a) Requirement of materia
Take 10 m? (Unit = 1 m"), Total volume of dry concrete = 15.2 m?/10 m?
folume of 3-15.20
(2) Volume of cement = 5-15.20 69 mt
7 1.169
Quantity of cement = 3:62 . 33.4 nags
(W) Volume of sand = 1.1694 = 4.68 m?
(ii)Volume of metal = 1.169% 8 = 9.36 m?
(b) Cost of materiat :
“Toke : 10 m® — (Unit = 1m")
P.C.C. 134: 8 for foundation of a load bearing wall.
‘Amount
Materials Quantity Rate (©) rer oe.
Cement 33.4 boos 350/- bea 11690
Sand 4.68 m? 3300/- m 18484
Metal 9.36 m 3500. | a 32760
Total ssa |
(€) Cost of labour : = 1
Labour No. of men Rate (2) Per oo)
7 00).
aif da 1200 aay
jis sya sy) 600/- ay 1200/-
[mason 2 oa ey 4800/-
Male mazdoor a a ay 7200
Tremate maadoor | __#8 | 0 = 1500L
Bhist 4 I Total 46200/-
L ‘59994 + 16200 = 76094
Total cost of material and a
Aad 108% contractor's prof
+ 7609/-
ada 33 96 water charges = 1441 35)
Grand total = €9511650
SINGS | 95185
Rate perm ne |
te perm = 10 ns 08 Going
°
(2) Rate analysis : acto te ny
particulars a
Quantity Rate
Se |! 2
3, Materials —— €_|_pe, Parent t= a
cement a |
bags
sand aes a | 350 00 Bag 10850 oo
Coarse aggre: 8.68 n> 3300 00 | Cum. 14322 | 00
ytabours : 888m | 3500 | 00 | cum. | 30300 | 00
Head mason E how cr i |
Mason (half day) | 1000 00 pay | 500 00
2 Nos.
Male Mazdoor 12 Nos, 800 | oo | pay | 1600 00
| Female Mazdoor 20 Nos. S00 |; cop Day | 4800 oo |
Bhisti 4 Nos, a 00 Day 8000 oo |
, . jo | oo | vay | 600 | oo |
dries, TAP etc, |
sn = LS. 2000 1000 oo |
. 2 oo __|
— Total | 73052 00
Total = 73052 4
Add 1.5% water charges = 1095.78
Add contractor's profit @10% of total = 7305.20
Grand total = 81452.98
Rate per cu.m. = 8445298 _ x gi4s.208
Example 4.22 : Prepare rate analysis for R.C.C. M150 excluding reinforcement,
Solution : (a) Materials required : Take 10 m? - Unit = 1m?
(i) Quantity of Cement = 2325 = 2.17 m®
2.17
Number of bags = @ 935 = 62 bags
Gil) Quantity of Sand = 2 x 2.17 = 4.34 m
(ill)Aggregate = 4 x 2.17 = 8.68 a - ;
b) Cost of material : Take 10m? - Unit = 1m ;
—o - Rate oar Amount |
| Material Quantity zp + _¥.
b 700.00 |
| 350.00 bag 2u
| Cement | 62 bags
er 4.34 m? 3300.00 m 14322.00 |
i 3.68 m? 3500.00 m 30380.00
(Metal 7 Total | 66402.00
(c) Cost of labour = FT
Rate \
No. of men ze Las | 2 Pp
Labour ao
1/2 (Half day) | _ 1000.00 day _|_10004
| ; 600.00 day | _1800.00_ |
+ 12 400.00 day | 4800.00
Male mazdoor —— 9 400.00 day 2000.00
Female mazdoor = 400.00 day 2400.00 __|
a Costing
[rand P. Lump sum 1000.00
Centring and shuttering 5% of material cost
| carpenter (2 class) 10 | 800.00 day 8000.00 _
400.00 day | 3200.00
Mazdoor 8
‘Timber planks and bullies Lump sum 1000.00 1000,00
Nails Lump sum 200.00 200.00
Sundries T. & P. Lump sum 1000.00 1000.00
Total 40820.00
107222/-
Total cost of material, labour and tools and plants = 66402 + 40820
107222/-
‘Add 13 % for water charges = ¥ 1608/-
10% for contractor's profit = < 10722/-
Grand total = € 1,19,552/-
pate per unit = Standtetal 1.19552 _ ¢ 1195.30
Example 4.23 : Prepare rate analysis of R.C.C. work 1: 15 : 3 for beam with 2% stes
Take 10m’,
Solution : Take 10 m? - Unit = 1m?
| (a) Materials : For concrete (
Volume of dry concrete mix = 1.52x10 = 15.2m?
15.2
. Total cost =
Quantity of cement = 7p ysqy = 2-763?
Number of bags = 2:753 = 78.94 bags
Quantity of sand = 2.763% 1.5 = 4.144 m?
Quantity of aggregate coarse = 2.7633 = 8,289 m>
Quantity of steel = 2% of 10m? = 0.2m* = 0.2 7850 = 1570 kg
Binding wire = 15.7 kg
(b) Cost of materials :
Rate t |
Material Quantity x Par al
Cement 78.94 bags 350.00 bag 27629.00
Sand 4.144 3300.00 m 13675,00
| Aggregate chips 8.289 m? 3500.00 mm, 2901.50 |
‘Steel 1570 kg 55000.00 Ton 6350.00 |
Binding wire 15.7 kg 30.00 kg 471.00
| Total 157136,00 Rat | =)
pase) per | Amount |
= — | & Pe}
| 1000.00 _| day | 500.00 |
|____ 800.00 day | 2400.00 |
fensti SS | _a0.00
[Blacksmith ~ 3 00.00 day | 1200.00
mega 15 10.00 day | 12000.00 |
[sundries T. and P, 7 2 | 400.00 day | 2000.00
um |
Centering and shuttering _ 4900.00 3000.00
including removing @5% Le of = 7856.80
Carpenter materials
8 | /
Helper to carpenter i oo 2 | sor amie
Nails Lump sum 200.00 200.00
Total | 39157
Total cost of material and labour = % 157136 + 39157 = 196293/-
Total = %196293/-
Add 10% for contractor's profit = % 1963/-
1
Add 15 % for water charges =: % 19629/-
Grand Total
= %217885/-
Rate perm? = 247885 _ 217¢8.50
Example 4.24 : Prepare rate analysis for R.C.C. (1:2:4).
Solution : Rate analysis for R.C.C. work (1:2:4)
‘Assume wet volume of R.C.C, = 10 m?
32.
(1) Dry volume = 52% mone of wet volume = ccd *10+10 = 15.2cu.m.
Dry volume.
(2) Volume of cement = Samet mix proportion “Content of cement in proportion
15.2
Volume of cement = {4244 *1 = 2-1714cum
No. of cement bags “= 2 = 62.576 bags = approximately = 63 bags
volume
(3) Volume of sand = Gum of mix proportion ~ Content of sand in proportion
15.2
Volume ofsand = pas qeaq <2 = 4ad28 cum.
Dry volume
(4) Volume of aggregates = Sym of mix proportion
15.2 _
Volumescf aggregates = Tpa44 *2 > 86857 cum.
(5) Assume 1% steel reinforcement
«10 = 0.1m?
« Content of aggregates in proportion
1
Volume of steel = [00
Weight of steel = 0.1 7850 = 785 ko
Binding wire = 10x 0.785 = 7.85k9 Estimating and Coating an Rate ny,
Rate Per Amount
Particulars Quantity 2 | Ps. unit e Ps.
1. Material
Cement 63 350 00 Bag 22050 00
Sand 4.3428 | 3300 | 00 m as ae %
Aggregates 8.6857 | 3500 | 00 m 30399 95
steal 785 55 00 kg 43175 00
Binding wire 7.85 _ 4o_| 00 | ko _314_| 00
oe | 4,10,270 | ig
|2. Labours :
Head mason 1.5 1000 | 00 Day 1500 00
Mason 3 goo | 00 | Day 2400 00
Male mazdoor 13 400 | oo | Day 5200 00
| Female mazdoor 10 400 | 00 | Day 4000 00
For Reinforcement blacksmith 15 goo | 00 | Day | 12000 00
| Bhisti 2 400 | 00 Day | 800 00
Contingencies, T&P etc. us 500 | 00 is} 500 00
3. Centering and Shuttering |
| Carpenter 10 goo | 00 | Day 8000 00
| Mazdoor 10 600 | oo | Day 6000 00
__Nails ts 500 | oo ts_ | soo | 00
7 [Total | 151170 | 19
|4. Water charges 1.5% of total| 2267
Profit and Overhead 10% of total] 15117
Grand Total] 168554 | 7618 _
Rete per cubicmetre = 4888547618 _ 2 je955 476,
Example 4.25 : Prepare rate analysis for 8.8. masonry In C.M. ('1:6) for superstructure.
Take 10 m? (Unit = 1m?)
Solution : (a) Requirements of materials :
Bricks : Bricks required for 1 m? = 500 Number
Bricks required for 10 m? = 5000 Number
In practice, 30% of mortar is required for 10 m’.
Volume of mortar required = 745 » 10 = 3 m?
Proportion of C.M. is 1:6
(i) Quantity of cement = a = 0.428 m?
Number of bags
(ii) Quantity of sand = 0.4286 = 2.568 m?
(b) Cost of material : Take 10 m? - Unit = m*
Material Quantity "= Per
Brick 5000 Nos. 5000/- 1000 No. |
“Cement 12.24 Bags 350/- = |
| Sand 2.568 m? 3300/- _m r 00
Total 3758.00 pease coring OO
(c) Cost of labour 2 Si Kai
Labour | a ee
Vn ‘Amount
sty Per TP
‘ason 2000) day, 500.00 |
wale mazdoor T 500/- day 6000.00
female mazdoor sor oy 3200.00
hist z fay 4000.00
2 400/- day
Scaffolding Lump sum Y
Fools and Plants . 2o0us = 1000.00
Total 15500.00
Total for materials and labour = 37758 + 15500/- = 53258/-
Total = 53258/-
Add 10% contractor's profit = 5325/-
1
Add 15 % water changes = 799/-
Grand total
© 59382/-
Rate perm’ = 59382 - ¢ s938/-
Example 4.26 : Prepare rate analysis for 8.8, masonary in C.M. (1:6) 300 mm thick wall. [CEES
Solution : Rate Analysis for Brick Work in Super Structure in C.M (1:6) in Super Structure.
Assume Volume of Brick Masonry = 10 cu.m
1. Calculation of material:
0.
(a) Dry volume = 30% of volume of masonry = a 10 = 3.00 cum.
Dry volume
(b) Volume of cement = Samrof vie proportion ~ content of cement in proportion
_ 30
= T+6"
4285
No. of cement bags = S4282 = 12.24 bogs = 13 bags
1 = 0.4285 cum
Dry volume .
{eh Wlamecof sand ® Siecey tax proportion * SONteNt Of Bene tr eroparten
3.0
= Peg 16 = 2571 CULM
(d) Number of bricks +
Size of one brick = 19. cm x 9M »
9.om = 0.19. m= 0.9m 0.9m ——
Extimating and Costing am Fae Aa
(B) [Labour
1. Head Mason 1/2 No. (Half day) 600 Day 300
2. Mason 8 500 Day 4000
3. Male Mazdoor 8 350 Day 2600
|4. Female Mazdoor 10 250 Day 2500
5. Bhisti 2 350 Day 700
6. Sundries T. & P Lump sum Lump sum_| Lump sum 200
Total (B) 1051
Total cost of mat:
‘and labour (C) = Total (A + B)
$4913.45 ~
Add water charges @ 1.5% of total cost of material and labour
823.70
Overall cost = Total cost + Water charges
Add contractor's profit @ 10% of overall cost (E)
55737,15
5573.71
Grand total = Overall cost + Contractor's profit
61310.86
Rate per cu.m = General total/Assumed Volume of U.C.R. masonry,
6132.0 per cum.
Example 4.27 : Prepare rate analysis for coursed rubble stone masonry in C.M. (1:6) in super.
structure.
Solution : Take 10 m? — Unit = 1m?
40
Take 40% of volume of coursed rubble masonry as dry mortar = {gg * 10 = 4m?
Volume of one part
Quantity of cement
Quantity of sand = 0.5:
Rubble (35% extra)
4
= Tee = 0.571 m*
0.571
= g'o35 = 16-32 bags
171 x 6 = 3.426 m?
10 x 1.35 = 13.5 m?
{ Particulars Quantity/No. Rate Cost
(A) Materials
(i) Rubble 13.5 m? 3000/- per m? 40500/-
(ii) Cement 16,32 bags 350/- per bag 5712/-
(iil) Sand 3.426 m? 3300/- perm? 11306/-
57518/-
) Labour
Head Mason 1 1000/- per day 1000/-
Mason 10 600/- per day 6000/-
Mazdoor 7 400/- per day 2800/-
Boy or Woman Coolie 8 400/-per day 3200/-
Bhisti 3 400/-per day 1200/-
Scaffolding - 1000 1000/-
Sundries and T & P = 500 500/-
15700/-
Total of material and labour = 57158 + 15700 = 73218
Add 1% %
Total = 73218
water charges = 732.18
Add 10% contractor's profit = 7321.80
Grand total = % 81271.98
Rate/m? = % 8127.19 te 4.28 : Prepare rare 425
a rt
pe used rubble stones in CM, alysis oF st
‘gution : Take 10.cusm,, Une = Ae
for 10.cu.™M., Stones requirag — ae
ory mortar required for 10 cum, os % OF 10 = 12.5 m?
-M. stone
number Of bags of cement = —0-6_
0.035 = 17.1
quantity of sand = 0.6.6 = Sat y sees
assume 3 Masons, 3 mazdoors arg 1.
(a) Cost of material :
Masonry = 42% of 10m? = 4.2m?
yantity of cement = Volu;
a Sum of proppyentry mortar
on of cement mortar =
5 ANd Y% bhishti for 2.83 m?
Toe = 0.6m?
task work.
Rate
17.14 Per ‘Amount
350/- Bag 5999/-
12.5 m3
3.6? 3500/- mo 43750/-
3300/- m. 11880/- |
Total cost of material 61629/-
(b) Cost of labour :
bo
| tabour___|__No. Rate Par Gane
Head mason’ 1 1000/- Se aE
Mason 10 800/- Bay pe
Hale mazdoor 10 400/- ay aia
Female Mazdoor 8 400/- Day 3200/-
Bhisti 1 400/- Day 400/-
Sundries and tools 1000/- 1000/-
and plants
Total cost of labour 17600/-
Total cost of material and labour 61629 + 17600 = 79229
Add 1.5% water charges 1188.40
Add 10% contractors profit 7922.90
L Grand total 88340
Rate/m? = 58380 9934/-
Example 4.29 : Prepare rate analysis for U.C.R. masonry i
Solution : Take 10 cu.m., Unit = 1 cu.m, for 10 cu.m., Stor
125
| Quantity of stones = jg *10 = 12.5cum
Assume 42% of volume of U.C.
~ 42
r= 42% of 10 = {99
Volume of dry mortar
in C.M. 1:5 in foundation and plinth.
nes required =125% [©
JR. is the volume of dry mortar required.
AZ 610 = 4.2cu.m.
Volume of dry mortar _ 5 = 0.7m
Quantity of cement, Vi = “sum of proportion“ 1+
= 8317.90/-
74600/- Example 4.31 : Prepare rate analysis for plastering 12 mm thick in C.M. 1 : 3.
Solution : (a) Materials required for plastering of 100 m? unit per m?
Dry quantity of C.M. required for 100 m? for 12 mm thick plastering in C.M. 1: 3 is 2m’,
(i) Quantity of cement
= 0.5 m?,
Teg = 05m,
Number of bags = 9,635 = 14.28 bags
(ii) Quantity of sand = 0.5% 3= 1.5m?
(b) Cost of materials : Take 100 m? = Unit = 1 m
Rate Amount #4
Material Quantity ae Per sour |
[cement 15 bags 350.00 bag 5250.00 |
|Sana 1.5m? 3300.00 m? 4950.00 |
| Total 10200.00 |
(c) Cost of labour + ,
Rate per | Amount |
| Labour No.of men
