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4. The number of copies of our genome in most of our cells is __.

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

5. An estimated _____ DNA base pairs comprise the human genome.

A. 32,000
B. 320,000
C. 3.2 million
D. 3.2 billion
E. 3.2 trillion

6. In general, RNA molecules

A. comprise the chromosomes.

B. use the information in specific DNA sequences to construct proteins.
C. use the information in specific proteins to construct DNA molecules.
D. entwine with DNA molecules to encode proteins.
E. form double helices that encode DNA sequences.

7. Variants of a gene are called

A. nucleotides.
B. genotypes.
C. phenotypes.
D. alleles.
E. single nucleotide polymorphisms.

8. Humans have __ pairs of chromosomes.

A. 16
B. 23
C. 38
D. 46
E. 32
9. A change in a gene's DNA sequence is a(n)

A. allele.
B. genotype.
C. nucleotide.
D. mutation.
E. genome.

10. The field that investigates the different proteins in specialized cell types is

A. genomics.
B. proteomics.
C. proteolysis.
D. proctology.
E. probiotics.

11. A genotype refers to

A. particular allele combinations.

B. expression patterns of certain genes.
C. the environmental components of a trait.
D. the number of chromosomes that a person has.
E. the size of a person's genome.

12. A chart that displays paired chromosomes in size order is a

A. pedigree.
B. phenotype.
C. genotype.
D. karyotype.
E. genome.

13. A human cell has

A. 22 pairs of sex chromosomes and one pair of autosomes.

B. 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.
C. 23 pairs of autosomes.
D. 23 pairs of autosomes and a pair of Y chromosomes.
E. 46 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.
14. A variant in a DNA sequence present in at least 1% of a population is a(n)

A. polymorphism.
B. micromutation.
C. macromutation.
D. allele.
E. genome.

15. The largest autosome is

A. the Y chromosome.
B. the X chromosome.
C. chromosome 22.
D. chromosome 1.
E. chromosome 14.

16. A single nucleotide polymorphism is

A. an individual's genotype for a particular trait.

B. a single base site in the genome that varies among individuals in a population.
C. a single copy of a gene.
D. a gene that is expressed differently in males and females.
E. the DNA base that begins a gene.

17. In a study, 3,794 of 4,000 people who have acne have a particular set of SNPs. Only 184 of
3,984 people who do not have acne, but are otherwise similar to the people with acne, have that
SNP pattern. Therefore, these parts of the genome with this SNP pattern may include genes
whose products affect the skin. This investigation is an example of a

A. genome sequencing experiment.

B. genome-wide association study.
C. genome-wide mutation study.
D. gene expression profile.
E. pharmacogenomics study.

18. One way to study the human genome is to

A. determine the twisting patterns of the two sides of the double helix.
B. determine the sequence of sugars and phosphates.
C. determine the DNA sequence.
D. conduct a phenotype-wide association study.
E. mix the genomes of two individuals.
19. Gene expression profiles of different cell types reflect different sets of

A. genes.
B. mRNAs.
C. proteins.
D. genomes.
E. SNPs.

20. A human body has about _________ cells.

A. 3.2 billion
B. 20,600
C. 50 to 100 trillion
D. 10 to 100 million
E. a quadrillion

21. The four basic tissue types are

A. blood cells, skin cells, neurons, and muscle cells.

B. DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids.
C. adipose cells, muscle cells, bone cells, and sex cells.
D. connective tissue, epithelium, muscle, and nervous tissue.
E. the stomach, the small intestine, the liver, and the pancreas.

22. Cells differentiate by

A. expressing different subsets of genes.

B. expressing the entire genome, then silencing some genes.
C. dividing.
D. activating all of the DNA that encodes protein.
E. becoming stem cells.

23. The difference between phenotype and genotype is that

A. phenotype refers to the genetic instructions and genotype to their expression.

B. genotype refers to the genetic instructions and phenotype to their expression.
C. the phenotype is RNA and the genotype is DNA.
D. the phenotype is DNA and the genotype is RNA.
E. the phenotype appears before the genotype is set.
24. Shawn's mother and Heather's mother are sisters. Shawn and Heather have __ of their genes in
common.

A. 1/2
B. 1/4
C. 1/8
D. 1/16
E. 1/32

25. The study of DNA, RNA, and proteins constitutes

A. transmission genetics.
B. molecular genetics.
C. population genetics.
D. evolutionary genetics.
E. primate genetics.

26. A gene pool consists of all the alleles in a(n)

A. population.
B. individual.
C. family.
D. neighborhood.
E. nation.

27. A trait or disorder that is multifactorial is

A. present in more than one family member.

B. found only in one part of the world.
C. caused by one or more genes plus environmental influences.
D. caused by a single gene, with no environmental input.
E. seen in only males or females.

28. Kanisha and her friend both receive their grades for their physics midterms. Kanisha got an A, but
her friend received a D. "You must have the physics gene," remarks her friend. "I don't. I might as
well not bother studying." The friend's attitude illustrates the idea of

A. genetic discrimination.
B. genetic determinism.
C. genetic engineering.
D. genetic modification.
E. a genetic polymorphism.
29. Body weight must be a multifactorial trait because

A. it is obviously inherited.
B. it responds to lifestyle changes.
C. it is within a certain range.
D. it is inherited to an extent, but can be altered by diet and/or exercise.
E. it varies greatly.

30.
DNA profiling has been used to

2-14-2013

A. identify victims of terrorist attacks and natural disasters.

B. cure metabolic diseases caused by mutations in single genes.
C. treat male infertility.
D. predict how children will do in school.
E. predict if someone will develop cancer.

31. A test performed on secretions on a piece of fabric left at a crime scene that is used to implicate
an apprehended suspect is

A. DNA replication.
B. RNA transcription.
C. DNA profiling.
D. DNA sharing.
E. gene expression profiling.

32. Nacho suffers from terrible migraine headaches. He enters a clinical trial to test whether certain
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with response to one drug but not
another. This is an approach called

A. gene therapy.
B. pharmacogenomics.
C. genetic determinism.
D. applied pharmacology.
E. genotherapy.
33. One way that single-gene diseases differ from other diseases is that

A. they most often affect people late in life.

B. they affect consecutive generations.
C. they occur at the same frequency in every population.
D. they are not treatable.
E. it is possible to predict occurrence in specific relatives.

34. The distinction between mutations and gene expression is that

A. mutations affect only autosomes and gene expression affects only sex chromosomes.
B. mutations are dangerous and gene expression promotes health.
C. mutations are changes in the DNA sequence, whereas gene expression refers to the extent to
which a gene is transcribed and translated, producing protein.
D. gene expression refers to changes in the DNA sequence, whereas mutation refers to the
processes of DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein synthesis.
E. mutations occur in RNA and gene expression affects DNA.

35. Constructing a "diseasome" is a way to connect diseases that share certain gene expression
patterns. A goal of this approach is to

A. cure cancer.
B. identify new drug targets.
C. cure all diseases that involve the same set of genes.
D. discover how our long-ago ancestors were related.
E. determine which populations have which diseases.

36. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act defines a genetic test as an analysis of

A. human DNA, RNA, proteins, or chromosomes.

B. blood or saliva.
C. a person's stem cells.
D. a person's cancer cells.
E. fats, carbohydrates, or proteins.
37. Curious about genetic testing, Neka takes a direct-to-consumer genetic test panel. He discovers
that he has inherited gene variants that are associated with increased risk of alcoholism. He
reports these facts during an interview for purchasing a life insurance policy, because he thinks
that the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act will protect him from being denied life
insurance based on results of a genetic test. Neka is denied coverage, however, because

A. the law is not in effect yet.

B. the law does not protect people who voluntarily give information.
C. the law only applies to health insurance and employers, not life insurance.
D. the law does not apply to direct-to-consumer tests.
E. patients must sign up for GINA at the time of testing.

38. Biotechnology grew out of

A. veterinary medicine.
B. human health care.
C. civil engineering.
D. psychology.
E. agriculture.

39. A melon that has been altered to produce a protein normally made only in a cabbage is

A. transformed.
B. transgenic.
C. genomic.
D. transgendered.
E. recessive.

40. Sequencing all the DNA in the fluid that leaks from the bottom of a garbage can is an example of

A. stem cell science.

B. gene expression profiling.
C. metagenomics.
D. DNA profiling.
E. prenatal diagnosis.
 1 Key

1. Genetics is the study of

A. variation of inherited traits.

B. how organisms reproduce.
C. how life originated.
D. how the environment causes disease.
E. the chemical composition of cells.
Blooms Level: 01. Remember
Lewis - Chapter 01 #1
Topic: Genetics

2. In which choice are the entries listed from smallest to largest?

A. Cell - genome - gene - DNA building block

B. DNA building block - gene - chromosome - genome
C. DNA building block - RNA building block - protein
D. Gene - cell - DNA - genome
E. Chromosome - genome - cell - DNA building block
Blooms Level: 04. Analyze
Lewis - Chapter 01 #2
Section: 01.01
Topic: Chemicals of Life

3. The complete genetic material of an organism is its

A. genome.
B. chromosome.
C. phenotype.
D. genotype.
E. proteome.
Blooms Level: 02. Understand
Lewis - Chapter 01 #3
Section: 01.01
Topic: Genomics
4. The number of copies of our genome in most of our cells is __.

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
Blooms Level: 01. Remember
Lewis - Chapter 01 #4
Section: 01.01
Topic: Genomics

5. An estimated _____ DNA base pairs comprise the human genome.

A. 32,000
B. 320,000
C. 3.2 million
D. 3.2 billion
E. 3.2 trillion
Blooms Level: 01. Remember
Lewis - Chapter 01 #5
Section: 01.01
Topic: DNA Structure

6. In general, RNA molecules

A. comprise the chromosomes.

B. use the information in specific DNA sequences to construct proteins.
C. use the information in specific proteins to construct DNA molecules.
D. entwine with DNA molecules to encode proteins.
E. form double helices that encode DNA sequences.
Blooms Level: 06. Create
Lewis - Chapter 01 #6
Section: 01.02
Topic: RNA Structure and Types
7. Variants of a gene are called

A. nucleotides.
B. genotypes.
C. phenotypes.
D. alleles.
E. single nucleotide polymorphisms.
Blooms Level: 05. Evaluate
Lewis - Chapter 01 #7
Section: 01.02
Topic: DNA

8. Humans have __ pairs of chromosomes.

A. 16
B. 23
C. 38
D. 46
E. 32
Blooms Level: 01. Remember
Lewis - Chapter 01 #8
Section: 01.02
Topic: Chromosomes

9. A change in a gene's DNA sequence is a(n)

A. allele.
B. genotype.
C. nucleotide.
D. mutation.
E. genome.
Blooms Level: 02. Understand
Lewis - Chapter 01 #9
Section: 01.02
Topic: DNA
10. The field that investigates the different proteins in specialized cell types is

A. genomics.
B. proteomics.
C. proteolysis.
D. proctology.
E. probiotics.
Blooms Level: 04. Analyze
Lewis - Chapter 01 #10
Section: 01.02
Topic: Proteomics

11. A genotype refers to

A. particular allele combinations.

B. expression patterns of certain genes.
C. the environmental components of a trait.
D. the number of chromosomes that a person has.
E. the size of a person's genome.
Blooms Level: 02. Understand
Lewis - Chapter 01 #11
Section: 01.02
Topic: Genes

12. A chart that displays paired chromosomes in size order is a

A. pedigree.
B. phenotype.
C. genotype.
D. karyotype.
E. genome.
Blooms Level: 02. Understand
Lewis - Chapter 01 #12
Section: 01.02
Topic: Chromosomes
13. A human cell has

A. 22 pairs of sex chromosomes and one pair of autosomes.

B. 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.
C. 23 pairs of autosomes.
D. 23 pairs of autosomes and a pair of Y chromosomes.
E. 46 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.
Blooms Level: 01. Remember
Lewis - Chapter 01 #13
Section: 01.02
Topic: Chromosomes

14. A variant in a DNA sequence present in at least 1% of a population is a(n)

A. polymorphism.
B. micromutation.
C. macromutation.
D. allele.
E. genome.
Blooms Level: 02. Understand
Lewis - Chapter 01 #14
Section: 01.02
Topic: DNA

15. The largest autosome is

A. the Y chromosome.
B. the X chromosome.
C. chromosome 22.
D. chromosome 1.
E. chromosome 14.
Blooms Level: 02. Understand
Lewis - Chapter 01 #15
Section: 01.02
Topic: Chromosomes
16. A single nucleotide polymorphism is

A. an individual's genotype for a particular trait.

B. a single base site in the genome that varies among individuals in a population.
C. a single copy of a gene.
D. a gene that is expressed differently in males and females.
E. the DNA base that begins a gene.
Blooms Level: 05. Evaluate
Lewis - Chapter 01 #16
Section: 01.02
Topic: DNA

17. In a study, 3,794 of 4,000 people who have acne have a particular set of SNPs. Only 184 of
3,984 people who do not have acne, but are otherwise similar to the people with acne, have
that SNP pattern. Therefore, these parts of the genome with this SNP pattern may include
genes whose products affect the skin. This investigation is an example of a

A. genome sequencing experiment.

B. genome-wide association study.
C. genome-wide mutation study.
D. gene expression profile.
E. pharmacogenomics study.
Blooms Level: 04. Analyze
Lewis - Chapter 01 #17
Section: 01.02
Topic: Genomics

18. One way to study the human genome is to

A. determine the twisting patterns of the two sides of the double helix.
B. determine the sequence of sugars and phosphates.
C. determine the DNA sequence.
D. conduct a phenotype-wide association study.
E. mix the genomes of two individuals.
Blooms Level: 06. Create
Lewis - Chapter 01 #18
Section: 01.02
Topic: Genomics
19. Gene expression profiles of different cell types reflect different sets of

A. genes.
B. mRNAs.
C. proteins.
D. genomes.
E. SNPs.
Blooms Level: 06. Create
Lewis - Chapter 01 #19
Section: 01.02
Topic: Applications of Genetics
Topic: Genetic Testing

20. A human body has about _________ cells.

A. 3.2 billion
B. 20,600
C. 50 to 100 trillion
D. 10 to 100 million
E. a quadrillion
Blooms Level: 01. Remember
Lewis - Chapter 01 #20
Section: 01.02
Topic: Cells

21. The four basic tissue types are

A. blood cells, skin cells, neurons, and muscle cells.

B. DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids.
C. adipose cells, muscle cells, bone cells, and sex cells.
D. connective tissue, epithelium, muscle, and nervous tissue.
E. the stomach, the small intestine, the liver, and the pancreas.
Blooms Level: 05. Evaluate
Lewis - Chapter 01 #21
Section: 01.02
Topic: The Body
22. Cells differentiate by

A. expressing different subsets of genes.

B. expressing the entire genome, then silencing some genes.
C. dividing.
D. activating all of the DNA that encodes protein.
E. becoming stem cells.
Blooms Level: 05. Evaluate
Lewis - Chapter 01 #22
Section: 01.02
Topic: Cells

23. The difference between phenotype and genotype is that

A. phenotype refers to the genetic instructions and genotype to their expression.

B. genotype refers to the genetic instructions and phenotype to their expression.
C. the phenotype is RNA and the genotype is DNA.
D. the phenotype is DNA and the genotype is RNA.
E. the phenotype appears before the genotype is set.
Blooms Level: 06. Create
Lewis - Chapter 01 #23
Section: 01.02
Topic: Mendelian inheritance

24. Shawn's mother and Heather's mother are sisters. Shawn and Heather have __ of their genes
in common.

A. 1/2
B. 1/4
C. 1/8
D. 1/16
E. 1/32
Blooms Level: 04. Analyze
Lewis - Chapter 01 #24
Section: 01.02
Topic: Mendelian inheritance
25. The study of DNA, RNA, and proteins constitutes

A. transmission genetics.
B. molecular genetics.
C. population genetics.
D. evolutionary genetics.
E. primate genetics.
Blooms Level: 02. Understand
Lewis - Chapter 01 #25
Section: 01.02
Topic: Molecular Genetics

26. A gene pool consists of all the alleles in a(n)

A. population.
B. individual.
C. family.
D. neighborhood.
E. nation.
Blooms Level: 02. Understand
Lewis - Chapter 01 #26
Section: 01.02
Topic: Population Genetics

27. A trait or disorder that is multifactorial is

A. present in more than one family member.

B. found only in one part of the world.
C. caused by one or more genes plus environmental influences.
D. caused by a single gene, with no environmental input.
E. seen in only males or females.
Blooms Level: 02. Understand
Lewis - Chapter 01 #27
Section: 01.03
Topic: Multifactoral Traits
28. Kanisha and her friend both receive their grades for their physics midterms. Kanisha got an A,
but her friend received a D. "You must have the physics gene," remarks her friend. "I don't. I
might as well not bother studying." The friend's attitude illustrates the idea of

A. genetic discrimination.
B. genetic determinism.
C. genetic engineering.
D. genetic modification.
E. a genetic polymorphism.
Blooms Level: 04. Analyze
Lewis - Chapter 01 #28
Section: 01.03
Topic: Genetics

29. Body weight must be a multifactorial trait because

A. it is obviously inherited.
B. it responds to lifestyle changes.
C. it is within a certain range.
D. it is inherited to an extent, but can be altered by diet and/or exercise.
E. it varies greatly.
Blooms Level: 05. Evaluate
Lewis - Chapter 01 #29
Section: 01.03
Topic: Multifactoral Traits

30.
DNA profiling has been used to

2-14-2013

A. identify victims of terrorist attacks and natural disasters.

B. cure metabolic diseases caused by mutations in single genes.
C. treat male infertility.
D. predict how children will do in school.
E. predict if someone will develop cancer.
Blooms Level: 03. Apply
Lewis - Chapter 01 #30
Section: 01.04
Topic: Genetic Testing
31. A test performed on secretions on a piece of fabric left at a crime scene that is used to
implicate an apprehended suspect is

A. DNA replication.
B. RNA transcription.
C. DNA profiling.
D. DNA sharing.
E. gene expression profiling.
Blooms Level: 03. Apply
Lewis - Chapter 01 #31
Section: 01.04
Topic: Genetic Testing

32. Nacho suffers from terrible migraine headaches. He enters a clinical trial to test whether
certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with response to one drug but
not another. This is an approach called

A. gene therapy.
B. pharmacogenomics.
C. genetic determinism.
D. applied pharmacology.
E. genotherapy.
Blooms Level: 04. Analyze
Lewis - Chapter 01 #32
Section: 01.04
Topic: Medical Genetics

33. One way that single-gene diseases differ from other diseases is that

A. they most often affect people late in life.

B. they affect consecutive generations.
C. they occur at the same frequency in every population.
D. they are not treatable.
E. it is possible to predict occurrence in specific relatives.
Blooms Level: 05. Evaluate
Lewis - Chapter 01 #33
Section: 01.04
Topic: Medical Genetics
34. The distinction between mutations and gene expression is that

A. mutations affect only autosomes and gene expression affects only sex chromosomes.
B. mutations are dangerous and gene expression promotes health.
C. mutations are changes in the DNA sequence, whereas gene expression refers to the extent
to which a gene is transcribed and translated, producing protein.
D. gene expression refers to changes in the DNA sequence, whereas mutation refers to the
processes of DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein synthesis.
E. mutations occur in RNA and gene expression affects DNA.
Blooms Level: 05. Evaluate
Lewis - Chapter 01 #34
Section: 01.04
Topic: Genes

35. Constructing a "diseasome" is a way to connect diseases that share certain gene expression
patterns. A goal of this approach is to

A. cure cancer.
B. identify new drug targets.
C. cure all diseases that involve the same set of genes.
D. discover how our long-ago ancestors were related.
E. determine which populations have which diseases.
Blooms Level: 06. Create
Lewis - Chapter 01 #35
Section: 01.04
Topic: Medical Genetics

36. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act defines a genetic test as an analysis of

A. human DNA, RNA, proteins, or chromosomes.

B. blood or saliva.
C. a person's stem cells.
D. a person's cancer cells.
E. fats, carbohydrates, or proteins.
Blooms Level: 01. Remember
Lewis - Chapter 01 #36
Section: 01.04
Topic: Medical Genetics
37. Curious about genetic testing, Neka takes a direct-to-consumer genetic test panel. He
discovers that he has inherited gene variants that are associated with increased risk of
alcoholism. He reports these facts during an interview for purchasing a life insurance policy,
because he thinks that the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act will protect him from
being denied life insurance based on results of a genetic test. Neka is denied coverage,
however, because

A. the law is not in effect yet.

B. the law does not protect people who voluntarily give information.
C. the law only applies to health insurance and employers, not life insurance.
D. the law does not apply to direct-to-consumer tests.
E. patients must sign up for GINA at the time of testing.
Blooms Level: 04. Analyze
Lewis - Chapter 01 #37
Section: 01.04
Topic: Medical Genetics

38. Biotechnology grew out of

A. veterinary medicine.
B. human health care.
C. civil engineering.
D. psychology.
E. agriculture.
Blooms Level: 02. Understand
Lewis - Chapter 01 #38
Section: 01.04
Topic: Applications of Genetics

39. A melon that has been altered to produce a protein normally made only in a cabbage is

A. transformed.
B. transgenic.
C. genomic.
D. transgendered.
E. recessive.
Blooms Level: 02. Understand
Lewis - Chapter 01 #39
Section: 01.04
Topic: Biotechnology
40. Sequencing all the DNA in the fluid that leaks from the bottom of a garbage can is an example
of

A. stem cell science.

B. gene expression profiling.
C. metagenomics.
D. DNA profiling.
E. prenatal diagnosis.
Blooms Level: 02. Understand
Lewis - Chapter 01 #40
Section: 01.04
Topic: Genomics
 1 Summary

Category # of Questions
Blooms Level: 01. Remember 7
Blooms Level: 02. Understand 12
Blooms Level: 03. Apply 2
Blooms Level: 04. Analyze 7
Blooms Level: 05. Evaluate 7
Blooms Level: 06. Create 5
Lewis - Chapter 01 79
Section: 01.01 4
Section: 01.02 21
Section: 01.03 3
Section: 01.04 11
Topic: Applications of Genetics 2
Topic: Biotechnology 1
Topic: Cells 2
Topic: Chemicals of Life 1
Topic: Chromosomes 4
Topic: DNA 4
Topic: DNA Structure 1
Topic: Genes 2
Topic: Genetic Testing 3
Topic: Genetics 2
Topic: Genomics 5
Topic: Medical Genetics 5
Topic: Mendelian inheritance 2
Topic: Molecular Genetics 1
Topic: Multifactoral Traits 2
Topic: Population Genetics 1
Topic: Proteomics 1
Topic: RNA Structure and Types 1
Topic: The Body 1
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Title: The Foundling; or, The Child of Providence

Author: J. Church

Release date: October 6, 2018 [eBook #58039]

Language: English

Credits: Transcribed from the 1823 R. Weston edition by David

Price

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FOUNDLING;

OR, THE CHILD OF PROVIDENCE ***
Transcribed from the 1823 R. Weston edition by David Price, email
[email protected]

THE
FOUNDLING;
OR, THE
CHILD OF PROVIDENCE.

In Two Parts.

WRITTEN BY HIMSELF.

“He found him in a desert land, and in the waste howling

wilderness: he led him about; he instructed him; he kept
him as the apple of his eye.”
Deuteronomy xxxii. v. 10.

London:
PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, AND SOLD AT THE SURREY TABERNACLE.

1823.

R. WESTON, PRINTER, CROSBY ROW, BOROUGH.

 INTRODUCTORY DIALOGUE.

Investigator and Friendly.

Investigator.—Good morning, sir.
Friendly.—Good morning.
Investigator.—How is your health, and your mind?
Friendly.—Why, sir, much as usual; God has blessed me with
tolerable health and spirits, which I consider great mercies, amidst
so many exercises of body and mind: I am, at times, weak in my
nerves, but most wonderfully upheld, and sometimes dejected in
mind, through the variety of inward and outward conflicts which God
has given to me, to be exercised with beneath the sun: both body
and mind are affected with the fretting leprosy, and though often
healed by a look from the Great High Priest, and by the application
of his all-cleansing sacrifice, and the oil of his comforting and
sanctifying spirit; yet the plague frequently breaks out again, and it
will be the case, I suppose, till this leprous house is pulled down, the
stone, the timber and the mortar, and carried to the grave.—
Leviticus, xiv. But may I be permitted to ask the reason of your
calling this morning?
Investigator.—Why, sir, I hope I am not intruding on your time, but I
have long desired an interview with you; for having occasion to
travel much, for many years, I have frequently heard your name
mentioned, both in public and private, sometimes with credit,
honour, and pleasure with pity and commiseration. I have also met
with some persons who are, I believe, very spiritual and consistent,
God-fearing persons, who have heard you preach, both in town and
country, and read your publications with profit and pleasure; but,
alas! I have also heard your name treated with the utmost scorn and
contempt, stigmatized as the vilest miscreant, the most abominable
wretch, advancing the most dreadful antinomianism, living the most
dissolute life, and as industriously circulating the most licentious
doctrines, totally subversive of all morality and common honesty.
Friendly.—Well, sir, really these are awful charges, and as they have
been so many years propagating, I almost wonder these
calumniators are not tired of talking about one so unworthy of their
notice; but I guess who that ever-restless agent is, who them, going
about; (1 Peter, v. 8.) this is the roving commission he has received;
and he must fulfill it.
Investigator.—But is it not strange, sir, so many pretended advocates
for morality, holiness, and the moral law, should exert all their
influence to suppress the truths you preach; and employ so many
hands to write, print, publish, and circulate your history in the most
degrading manner possible?
Friendly.—It is so, but there is no new thing under the sun; various
indeed, are the motives of such calumniators; some degrade me to
cover their own infamy; some from pharisaic principles; some to
exalt themselves upon my ruin; some to please those above them,
and some to gain money by it, which they have, and to which I have
no objection, had they not filled their pages with so many palpable
falsehoods, which have disgraced the writer, and shewn the
malignity of their spirits. These infamous squibs have been sent to
the four winds of heaven, to Wales, Ireland, Scotland, America, the
East and West Indies, and to almost every county and village in
England, in twopenny, fourpenny, and sixpenny pamphlets; each
containing from one to two hundred well-known falsehoods.
Investigator.—Yes, I believe that not less than twenty thousand such
scandalous pamphlets have been published, and circulated.
Friendly.—But can you form any idea who were the ringleaders of so
much infamy?
Investigator.—I have heard say they were persons who are
perpetually pleading for the moral law, as the rule of their lives,
although that holy law strictly forbids such conduct, because it is a
violation of these two prohibitions: “Thou shalt do no murder;”
“Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour;” and its
language is, owe no man any thing, but love for love is the fulfilling
of the law. But I think I could give you an intimation of some of the
persons; one was the Rev. Dr. Diotrephes. (2 John)—another was
Alexander, the coppersmith, who is always currying favour with the
above doctor: these, I know, were very industrious, in writing,
publishing, and running about from house to house, or rather, like
hawking pedlars, with their bad ware, which conduct is strictly
forbidden. Lev. xix. 26.
Friendly.—But as it was zeal for holiness, I pardon it; they were
mistaken men, and though they have done me much injury, I believe
God has resented their conduct, by mortifying their pride. All public
characters that God has blessed, must expect evil surmising, ill-
grounded jealousies, awful insinuations, vile aspersions, whisperings,
and back-bitings; and why should I escape? In whatever I have
offended, I am willing to acknowledge it: but surely, I have no just
right to acknowledge their lies.
Investigator.—My heart has been grieved to read the vile publications
which have been circulated under the title of, the life of J. C. I have
thought, at times, none could know so much of his history as
himself; and have frequently wished to know something, in reality, of
your eventful story.—In this wish, I believe, many hundreds concur;
therefore, to oblige your friends, and to confound your foes on that
subject, it would be gratifying their desires to make your life public.
Friendly.—Why, it might, in some sense, be so to them; and
especially, as I trust it would be magnifying the grace of that great
God, who has done so much for me, which I hope will be my
principal motive; but it will expose me to the contempt of fools, and
perhaps add additional persecution to my friends.
Investigator.—Suppose it does; your enemies cannot say worse of
you than they have said; they have gone to the very utmost in
scandal, and no further than the infamous name given to your
Master, who was holy, harmless, and undefiled. They said he had a
devil; yea, that he was the prince of devils. There is another
advantage in your compliance with the request of your friends; it will
confute the falsehoods which have been fabricated about your
history, and prevent your enemies from adding sin to sin, by any
further false statements of the matter: therefore, like the memoirs of
most gospel preachers, it must expect all sorts of mis-statement.
Some will rejoice in what God has done for you; others will say it is
lies; some, more candid, will wish you had omitted many parts, and
others will wish you had not mentioned many circumstances; but
write TRUTH, and leave the consequences.
Friendly.—Well, I promise, through mercy, so to do. I will write the
bad as well as the good, as far as prudence dictates.
Investigator.—The Lord be thy helper, and kind remembrancer, and
give his approbation to the work, by blessing it to his own people.—
Farewell.
And though pretended friends have aim’d to wound thy heart,
And household friends in that have borne a part;
Yet, each appointment came to thee for good,
To make thee joyful in thy Saviour God.
Friendly.—I thank you; I will send a few particulars of my history in
letters to my friends.—
Farewell.
 PART I.

Juvenile Days—Apprenticeship—Marriage—Engagements—Call to
the Ministry—Baptism—Checquered Scenes—Sore Trials—
Removals—Trial—Building—Prosperity—Fresh Troubles—
Imprisonment—Enlargements—Mercies.

LETTER I.
“Can a woman forget her sucking child, that she should not
have compassion on the son of her womb? Yea, she may
forget, yet will not I forget thee, saith the Lord.”

To —
Your Christian affection and maternal concern for me, so many
years, entitle you to this acknowledgment. The holy apostle, in his
directions to his son Timothy, advises to entreat the elder brethren
in the church as fathers; the younger men as brethren; the elder
women as mothers, and the younger women as sisters, with all
purity.—1st Epist. Tim. 1, 2. I am most sensibly alive to every
feeling of gratitude, for your long and unwearied kindness—your
many prayers for my present and my eternal good—your tears on
account of my troubles, and your best wishes for the sanctification
of them, that I may be delivered from sin, the worst of evils, from
error, as derogatory to the glory of the Lord Jesus Christ, and from
all the traps, snares, and temptations which may be laid for my feet,
and which might bring me into bondage; the Lord reward thy
kindness, and may a full reward be given thee of the Lord God of
Israel, under whose wings thou hast been enabled to trust. It has
been the desire of many to be acquainted with the earlier part of my
life, my birth, parentage, education, and how the Lord has
manifested his good hand to me in a way of providence, and his
Spirit’s operations in away of grace.
With respect to my birth and parentage, I know nothing; nor did I
ever hear of any one that ever did. I never could gain the least
information of my parents, from any quarter, nor ever hear of a
relative of any description. I never knew a mother’s care, nor a
father’s fostering hand. Many times, when a boy of only eight years
of age, have I reflected my case was hard. I have sat under the
trees at the Foundling Hospital, and wept that I had no mother; and
when the nurses from the country came to see other boys, and
given them little presents, there was none for me; and when the kiss
went round, there was no kiss for me. I said nothing; but tears
might have told what I felt, and what they meant. Sometimes I
heard that some boys had found their mothers, but that was never
my lot. No kind mother owned me. This would make me weep
again. Often have I observed, when in the chapel of the hospital,
some persons would sit and look at the children in the gallery with
seeming anxiety; as if they were their own, though they dared not
acknowledge them, and singling out one and another, they used to
send them presents. Perhaps, thought I, my dear mother may be
among them, but dare not own me. But who can tell her feelings? I
used often to repeat the 10th verse of the 27th Psalm, though I
knew not its real excellencies: “When my father and my mother
forsake me, then the Lord will take me up.” This was true in my
case, in more senses than one. I have often reflected, and do to
this day, how it is possible for a mother to forsake her child. Divine
truth has declared it possible. Yea, she may forget the son of her
womb, a sucking child. One would think it almost impossible; but,
mothers, yes, even mothers, may monsters prove.
I refer you, my dear friend, to a remark of good Mr. Hervey, on the
text, Isaiah, xlix. 15, in his Contemplations on the Starry Heavens,
towards the close of the chapter. Let me beg you to read it. I must
observe to you, it has been questioned, whether a person, who is
left an orphan, can ever glance a thought, or feel any attachment to
his unknown parents? Perhaps not, in general; but mankind differ
as widely in their feelings as in their gestures. It was not my case,
but the contrary; as many reasons might be assigned for my
situation in the Foundling. Perhaps I had an affectionate mother, but
the cruel hand of death deprived me of her maternal care; and
interest being made for me, I was admitted into that kind asylum—
or, for some unknown cause, she might have been driven to a
foreign clime, no more to return—or, I might have been stolen away
from her by some proud being to hide a mother’s disgrace, after
falling a victim to the accursed seducer, I might have been forced
from her by some relentless hand, to obtain property, and placed
where she was never to see me more—or, perhaps, her affectionate
husband might have been called to fight the battles of his country,
on sea or land, in the year 1780, in which I was born. An
affectionate wife, left pregnant, the news of the death of a husband
might have hurried me into the world, and taken her out. So that,
amidst the many calamities to which the female sex are liable, it is
hard to judge the cause why I was forsaken. This is true, that I
have two particular marks, with which I was found; marks evidently
given with some intention of finding me by, another day—one on my
back, and another apparently made by a red hot wire on the back of
my hand, which is still visible. This method of marking has
frequently been the case. Thus I was an orphan—
Left on the world’s bleak waste, forlorn,
In sin conceiv’d, to sorrow born;
No guide, the dreary maze to tread,
Above, no friendly shelter spread.
Alone, amidst surrounding strife,
And naked to the storms of life;
Despair look’d round with aching eyes,
And sinking nature groans and sighs.
I must conclude this, by reminding you of that very precious
expression of Jude, the apostle, in his address to the whole church
of God, sanctified by God the Father, and presented in Christ Jesus,
and called the whole election of grace—were chosen in Christ Jesus,
by an act of eternal love; and it is in Him they are preserved, as a
jewel in a rock, till called by grace to the knowledge of God in Christ:
and who can possibly conceive what they are preserved from, till
that period arrives? The dangers, perils, risks, and exposures to
death, many are in, yet, O wonderful Almighty power, that keeps
them till the Lord takes possession of the heart! Surely, if there
should be any recollection of these things in heaven, we shall be
filled with wonder, praise and joy.
Yours, J. C.
Thy Providence my life sustain’d
And all my wants redrest;
When in the silent womb I lay,
Or hung upon the breast.

LETTER II.
“For in thee the fatherless findeth mercy.”

TO THE SAME.

With pleasure I renew the pleasing task of calling my infantine days

to your notice. I have already observed, I can know but very little of
that subject, and can only go by mere conjecture. I mean the cause
of being left an orphan. I know it not, but I must confess, I really
believe it was contrary to the wish of my parent, that I should be
separated from her. I sometimes think she never knew where I was,
or what became of me. It has been reported that I was found in a
church, perhaps St. John’s, Clerkenwell, or some other church of the
name, which is the reason of my being thus named; as it has often
occurred that orphans have been named from the place where they
were found. While an infant, thus exposed, it is very evident that I
was admitted into that best of institutions, the Foundling Hospital;
from thence I was sent to a village called Hadlow, near Tunbridge, in
Kent: here I was carefully nursed, by a very kind woman; where I
continued till I was five or six years of age. I do not recollect any
person coming to see me at that period, to shew me any particular
favours. I was again brought back to the Foundling, though not
without many tears, which the nurse shed at parting with me; she
would fain have kept me as her own, but she was obliged, though
with much reluctance, to give me up. I continued at the hospital till
I was ten years and a half old, but was never visited by any one.
Yet, notwithstanding this seeming neglect, I could not divest mind of
the idea that my mother was then alive, and often experienced an
aching heart, and the most anxious solicitude for me. Perhaps this
was not the case; but I still think that she did intend, at some future
period, to search for, and own me. This I gather, only from the
trivial circumstance of the marks found on me, which perhaps she
put, when she was apprehensive I should be taken from her. I
cannot pass by one little circumstance, which I must relate: we well
know that the relation of it will be turned into mere ridicule; I have
no objection to that, nor do I wish to impose upon the weak and
credulous. I will only relate a matter of fact, which occurred to me
some years ago. I had been to a late lecture, one Monday night, in
the month of February, 1807. After supper, Mrs. C. being very busy
at the time, and not being tired, I sat down to write to a most
intimate friend, who is now in glory. Mrs. C. ever anxious for my
comfort, reminded me I had to rise early in the morning, and
advised me to go to rest; I was very cheerful, and we were both
lively and chatty. I mention this that you might not suppose I was
dreaming. I obeyed her, and sat at the side of the bed, and began
to undress myself. She had occasion to go to the cupboard for
medicine for one of the children, which was indisposed. She
suddenly turned round, and exclaimed to me, “my dear, look! who is
that?” I turned to the wall to which she pointed, and, to my
astonishment, saw the figure of a woman against the wall; but not
being so much alarmed as you might suppose, and though chilled at
the sight, I was willing to prevent Mrs. C. from being too much
alarmed, and endeavoured to persuade her it was only the shadow
of something which lay on the table, by the looking glass, which, if
removed, it would disappear. We removed them, but the figure
remained. We also carried the candle from one end of the room to
the other. All shadows occasioned by the candle, would of course
remove also, but this appearance still continued. Mrs. C. felt
extremely agitated, but I bore it with uncommon fortitude, though I
have no native courage. We both sat down to see the issue. I
proposed to speak to it, but Mrs. C. begged I would not; I sat with
my head upon my hand, and, in that position, smiling at it. In a
minute or two after we had sat down, to watch it, it began to
disappear: I observed to Mrs. C. it is going away, it is gone: as soon
as I said this it appeared as visible as ever, just like a candle sinking
in the socket, apparently out, when it blazes up again, till it expires;
it then gradually died away: this was about half-past eleven at
night. The appearance was the shadow of a woman, about the
common height, longish vissage, and apparently genteel, though in
a night dress. This was not worked up by conversation about
visions; our converse was very different, nor was it the effect of
disordered nerves, as we were both uncommonly cheerful. I did not
hear of the death of any acquaintance after this, as I expected I
should; so that I was led to conjecture (and it was but conjecture)
that perhaps my dear mother, at that period, breathed her last, and
the Lord might have indulged her with a sight of her long lost son.
Permit me just to observe, this sight of the appearance was not a
passing shadow, but actually continued for nearly ten minutes.
Judge my feelings afterwards, if you can. [17] Here I close my
remarks on my mother.—Who she was, and why we were separated,
the day will declare it—when every dark and mysterious providence
will be unfolded, and mortality swallowed up of life. With respect to
my treatment at the Foundling Hospital—I speak it to the honour of
the Governors of that excellent place,—the treatment of the children
is admirable, the food is good, the master, mistresses, and nurses,
are kind—and were I dying, and leaving orphan children behind me,
with the promise they should be nursed there, I should die happy on
that subject. I will give you a particular account of the place in as
few words as I can comprise it in the compass of my next letter.
Many mothers are indeed the objects of pity. Perhaps allured by
promises of marriage, till the villain, her seducer, has effected his
purpose, when she is left an object of sorrow, contempt and woe.
The seducer is a robber and a murderer; he robs parents of their
daughters, he murders the daughter’s reputation, and perhaps
becomes accessary to the murder of the fruit of his villainy; and
when he has triumphed over the fond maid to whom he has sworn
eternal love, and a speedy marriage. He leaves the aged father to
exclaim, in the words of the Beggars’s Petition:—

“My daughter, once the comfort of my age,

Lur’d by a villain from her native home;
Is cast, abandon’d on the world’s wide stage,
And doom’d in scanty poverty to roam.”

Perhaps there is not a greater display of villainy than seduction.

Nothing more common in this country, nor any thing so vile in the
sight of a Holy God. Next to the contempt of the gospel, many
indeed have been raised up from that fall by the kind hand of God,
and have become excellent characters: and not a few have been
called by divine grace to the knowledge of Christ. And as a proof
the Lord Jesus does not disdain any one poor sinner, who is by the
Spirit turned from the error of his ways, the Lord has particularly
marked down his special love. This is evident in the history of
Tamar, the daughter of Judah; Rahab, the harlot; Mary Magdalen;
nor can I forget the poor woman taken in adultery. (John, viii.) It is
very remarkable, there was not one word said of the man who was
guilty of the act, (perhaps one of the doctors themselves) who
brought the trembling woman to Christ. All the sin and shame is
thrown upon the poor woman, while the seducer and more
relentless is passed by; and, perhaps, to the shame of our nature,
applauded. But not so in the eyes of a sin-avenging God. Many
fallen women have been restored by grace, while many seducers are
plunged into the howlings of the damned.
Wishing my Dear Friend the triumph of grace,
I remain, yours, J. C.
Though friends or kindred near and dear,
Leave me to want or die;
My God has made my life his care,
And all my needs supply.

LETTER III.
“When thou wast under the fig tree I saw thee.”

To —
My Dear Friend.—What does this motto remind you of? I dare say
you will never forget the happy moment in which you enjoyed the
love of God to your soul; while I, the most unworthy, was
discoursing on this text; it is very blessed to look back, at times, at
such Bethel visits; thine ears shall hear a voice behind thee; this
voice of past experience must be attended to; thou shalt remember
all the way the Lord thy God has led thee; and, permit me to assure
you, every such gracious visit as you experienced at that time, is
nothing less than a manifestation of electing, redeeming, and
pardoning love; the assurance, yes, the very full assurance of God’s
eternal choice of you in Christ, and the full forgiveness of all sins;
may you be thus often favored, while travelling through the
wilderness; but, how deep have you drunk of the cup of affliction,
since that period? the eating the little book is truly sweet to the
mouth; but there is often bitterness of soul felt after. I have been
forcibly struck with the above motto, as it related to the truly
excellent apostle of our blessed Lord, Saint Bartholomew, who is
called Nathaniel, in the 1st of John; it is supposed his mother hid
him under a tree, when the sanguinary Herod issued out his bloody
edict, to murder all the babes in Bethlehem, in order to massacre
the ever-blessed Redeemer; under this tree the Lord saw him, and in
due time brought him to an intimate acquaintance with himself; no
doubt much more is intended by his being under the fig tree, which I
pretend not to treat of now; but only to remind you, my dear friend,
of that gracious hand, that constantly preserves the objects of his
love, through the various dangers and perils in infancy, and the
giddy scenes of youth, till called to the knowledge of Christ. This
leads me to the continuation of the subject, I have already begun to
our mutual friend, Mrs. R. who, you know, is ever solicitous for my
good. I promised, in my last, to give her some account of that,
which I have the highest respect for; and never see but with sacred
pleasure—I mean the Foundling Hospital. I cannot, however,
proceed, till I have quoted a very important text, which is adapted,
in some measure, to my case. “Let mine outcasts dwell with thee,
Moab; be thou a covert to him from the spoiler:” they are outcasts,
but divine Law claims them as his own: this is the privilege of God’s
own people. This place has been, perhaps, the asylum of many a
chosen vessel: and I can testify, it is a far better situation than many
a boarding school; for which, parents may pay a considerable sum of
money for the care of their children. This Hospital was built by
Captain Thomas Coram, who devoted his fortune to the purposes of
benevolence: a fortune dearly earned, by many fatigues, and
hazardous adventures, at sea: this will be to his eternal honor, with
those who assisted in this laudable work. I can scarcely ever think
of this amiable man, but the words of an hymn, we used to sing at
the Foundling Hospital, occur to my mind.

“For those, whose goodness founded this,

A better house prepare,
Receive them to thy heavenly bliss,
And nay we meet them there.”

This gentleman spent seventeen years, in endeavouring to obtain a

charter, for building and establishing the Hospital, which was, at last,
granted, in the year 1762; and in the first fourteen years, 14,400
helpless infants were received: in the year 1756, Parliament voted
the sum of £10,000 for the support of the Charity: the next year
£30,000 more was granted to it; this was encreased to £50,000, in
two years more. On its first establishment, it admitted all children,
without any restrictions; but this bad plan gave much scope to the
vices of the age; seductions became more prevalent; and
numberless infants were torn from the affectionate embrace of their
mothers, by the cruel hand of unnatural fathers: thus tender
mothers were left, like Rachael, “weeping for her children, and
refused to be comforted because they were not.” Fathers became
the sacrificers of their children. Worse characters, in a certain
sense, than Herod:—it is an awful thing to charge a father with such
heinous intents; but it is the prevailing opinion, that if there were no
Foundling Hospital in the country, or any similar institution, for the
purpose of receiving the unfortunate offspring of seduction, many
wicked parents would contrive some means or other of getting rid of
them. Doubtless many mothers are culpable; but it is more easy to
prove, that the father is the greater murderer, who first seduced
perhaps a lovely woman, and afterwards most basely, cruelly, and
inhumanly deserted both mother and child. I think the father will be
found the most culpable in the last great day. This excellent
institution, speaking after the manner of men, has saved its
thousands of lives, and must be reckoned amongst the rest of those
excellent charities, which are the glory of British humanity,
notwithstanding all the depravities of our fallen nature. The children
are under the care of the Hospital, until 21 years of age; better
treatment the children cannot have; though I have sometimes
thought it rather hard, that the rules of the Charily forbid, that any
mother should have a personal knowledge of her child; but the
governors will, at any time, inform her respecting its life and health,
while under their guardianship. Every child, I believe, is re-
christened, when taken in, and consequently has a different name to
that of the parents. All hopes of seeing them again, on the mother’s
part, is effectually prevented; they can never expect it, nor can it be
attained, but by the knowledge and consent of the governors, unless
they have it in their power to provide comfortably for them; on this
condition, I have been informed, they may have them back; or they
are bound apprentices. I am sorry to say, some mothers have
brutality enough scarcely ever to drop a tear over the little deserted
stranger; and but few, I believe, ever make enquiry after it; but the
God of mercy protects and supplies the helpless and lost,

“When parents, deaf to nature’s voice,

Their helpless charge forsakes,
Then nature’s God, who heard our cries,
Compassion on us takes.”

Much as I have wished, at times, to have known a mother, strange

to tell, I seldom felt that desire to know my father. Should both or
either be now alive, I should be glad to have it in my power to
relieve or comfort them, in their declining years, if they need it: but
may we meet above; when I shall be fully satisfied with all the Lord’s
dealings with me, from infancy to death. I wish it had in my power
to send you a longer and more interesting account of this place; but
you may read much more of it in a little work, entitled, “An Historical
Sketch of the Foundling Hospital; by a Foundling.” Printed by M.
Allen, 15, Paternoster Row. My simple history may remind my dear
friend of the gracious care of God over his servant, Moses, after the
bloody decree of Pharoah, to destroy all the male of the Israelites.
Who can tell the feelings of his affectionate mother, when she laid
him in the flags? and, above all, who can describe her gratitude,
when the Lord directed the servant of Pharoah’s daughter to her, as
the appointed nurse? The apostle declares, his parents hid him by
faith, for three months, because they saw that he was a proper
child, and they were not afraid of the king’s commandment. Many
others of God’s family have been as singularly preserved: some of
whom Scripture gives an account, and others it will be fully known
by the general assembly of God’s saints, when Jesus shall appear in
his glory, to make up his jewels. I would, above all things, be ever
in mind of that Almighty power, which preserved the human nature
of the Lord Jesus in his infancy, when his parents were warned of
God, to flee into Egypt, till the death of that blood-hound, Herod.
May you be often enabled to look back on that kind hand, which has
thus far led you on, and has engaged never to forsake you. To him I
commit you, and remain,
Yours, J. C.
P.S. It would swell this letter to a volume, to relate some singular
circumstances of my brother foundlings, which might very much
amuse you; but that would hinder this humble attempt to record the
gracious dealings of God with myself. One circumstance, I must
relate in my next, which may serve to shew something of maternal
affection.

“Unnumber’d comforts to my soul,

Thy tender care bestow’d
Before my infant heart conceived,
From whom those comforts flow’d.”

LETTER IV.
“When my father and my mother foresaketh me, the Lord
taketh me up.”

TO THE SAME.

My Dear Friend,—I know not what were your sentiments, in reading

my simple tale; which, by the bye, you have only to thank yourself
for your trouble, as it is by your’s, and the desires of many, that I
thus make public my origin, as far as I can trace it. Your care for
me, and anxiety, long manifested for my best interest, I hope I shall
never lose sight of: although I am a stranger to the affection of a
mother, I know not what affection she had for me. I have heard of
some, who have sought after, and dealt motherly with some of my
deserted little fellows; I knew one of them, who is now living, who
had been taken from his mother for reasons unknown to me; but, I
have been informed, she kept her eye upon him, while an infant at
nurse, and during his abode at the hospital; and when he was
apprenticed, she frequently came of errands to the shop, and dealt
with him for years, but did not make herself known to him. (I judge
how you would have acted; I do not think you would have kept that
secret so long.) His time was expired, and he was to seek a lodging:
strange to tell, he sought, and found one at the very house his
mother lived in. After some time she invited a few friends, by the
consent of her husband, to sup with her, and she, of course, invited
her son. After the supper was over, she related a very affecting
story to the company, concerning her former husband, and the
reasons why she was obliged to part with her child; when, to the
astonishment of the young man, she made herself known to him;
and, no doubt she exclaimed to him, calling him by his name, “I am
your mother.” Judge the feelings of all present. This is the story, as
related to me. I remember the young man, when a boy with me.
This is a privilege I never had; but, blessed be God, my heavenly
father has owned me, and the Church of God has also received me:
she is called the mother, for, “who so doeth the will of my father, the
same is my mother, my sister, and my brother.”
Nothing, of any importance, occurred to me, while in the Foundling;
I was free from care, and a stranger to sorrow. A good table
provided daily; a kind master, who was a God-fearing man, and
studied the welfare of the children; the schoolmistresses and nurses
were all as affectionate as mothers, and the worthy governors took
every care of the comfort of the Establishment. Many poor children
have their worst times in infancy, and their juvenile days; but mine
were the best: I was particularly marked, by all, as a favorite, and
allowed little privileges, which others had not; and when the master
bought playthings for the boys, he generally gave me a book,
knowing that my heart was set upon that alone; but this little
Paradise must be exchanged for a wilderness of sorrow, sin, and
woe. It was customary, in those days, that any respectable person
might chose an apprentice out of the hospital, at any age, as no
premium was given with them. Formerly, I believe, there was a
premium, till the days of the execrable and infamous Mrs.
Brownrigge, who was executed for her cruelty to some poor girls,
she had out of this place, and from the parish. I suppose the
hospital being crowded, the governors were the more willing to let
children go out at a very early period, to persons who engaged to
take care of them. I was chose out of the rest, as we stood in a
row; the master recommended me for temper and conduct,
believing the person who came to choose an apprentice was very
respectable, and in about three weeks after, my new master came
tor me. I was but ten years and a half old; of course, I was bound
an apprentice for nearly eleven years; this was a long time to look
for. All that knew me in the hospital, were sorry at my departure. I
trudged through the streets, and chattered with my new master, till I
arrived at his house, in Great Portland Street, Mary-le-bone. I know
not how to express what a singular sensation came over me when I
entered his house; a dizzines, or rather a darkness overwhelmed me,
that all appeared dark about me; no doubt, this was but the native
weakness of the nerves; or, if it was, as I am at times induced to
think, a supernatural sensation surely it was an indication of the dark
days I should now begin to feel. Never shall I forget the grief that
overcame me, the few first nights I wept aloud, I had left all that
was dear to me; I was among strangers; I felt, indeed, like a
deserted, a banished child: but the hand of time wiped away my
grief, and a variety of new scenes began to open to my view. I am
sure, my dear friend will smile, when she can picture to herself how
strange the streets appeared to me, the shops, pictures, books, and
names of persons over the doors; these I used to gaze at, and
rehearse when I came home, which afforded much mirth to the
family. There was one great evil attended my early departure from
the Foundling; I had not attained to the use of my pen; I could read
well, for being only taught my letters, and a little spelling, I was so
extravagantly fond of a book, that I seized every bit of paper with
any printing on it, to read it, that many were astonished to hear me
read, at a very early period, with such propriety. But, alas! just as I
was put to writing, I was chose an apprentice; the person to whom I
was bound, promised faithfully to put me forward in writing and
arithmetic; but he broke his word, and rather objected to my reading
at all, than attempted to improve, or give an opportunity for it; this
has been a great grief to me, and an incalculable loss. The business
of my master, as a carver and gilder, increased so much that it was
impossible for me to be spared to attend an evening academy; but I
still loved reading, and generally had a book of some kind in my
pocket.—After I had been apprenticed for some time, I went to see
my old friends, at the Foundling, who were all rejoiced to see me;
particularly the master, who bore the same respect for me till his
death, which was recent; but was often sensibly touched at my train
of afflictions. There was a branch of the business in which I soon
became very useful to my master, though it proved of very little use
to me, at the end of my apprenticeship; and finding this, I was not
taught any other branch of the trade: this was violating his
agreement. I was also the perfect slave in the house; set to every
part of the vilest drudgery, and debarred that knowledge of the
trade, to which I was bound an apprentice. I believe my master had
formerly been a professor; but, as his money increased, he neither
professed, nor followed the religion of the Son of God; but he joined
himself to a sect called the Swedenbourgians, who talked much of
wisdom and charity, as a divine influence; but, this I know, my
master had but little charity for me, his slave. I often think of an
expression I am told Mr. Whitfield sometimes used—“golden
apprentices, silver journeymen, and iron masters; but he that
endureth to the end, the same shall be saved.” The Lord led me on
from stage to stage, nor ever left me, till he had given me some
blessed acquaintance with himself. Hence the promise, “I will give
them an heart to know me.” The Lord bless you.
Yours, J. C.
To all my weak complaints and cries,
Thy mercy lent an ear,
Before my feeble thoughts had learn’d
To form themselves in prayer.

LETTER V.
 “Who hath remembered me in my low days, for his mercy
endureth for ever.”

To —
As you had some knowledge of me, during a part of my juvenile
days, and have been many years an eye and an ear witness of the
Lord’s dealings with me, since that period; I conceive it my duty to
give you some little information of the earlier part of my life, till that
time, in which we became acquainted. Our most blessed Lord never
loses sight of his dear children, although they are hid in the sand of
sin, the world, or obscurity; nor should I ever have attempted to
make this information public, had not my enemies invented so many
awful falsehoods concerning me, and my friends entreat for my
memoirs, for their own information, that they might glorify God, on
my behalf, who remembered me in my low estate. I cannot relate
any thing marvelous in my case, as many can, who have been
exposed to imminent peril, by sea or land. I recollect once being out
with a family, on a Sunday party, and having a glass coach for the
day; I was appointed to ride behind it; this was a treat for me,
though conscience, even in my state of ignorance, convinced me it
was wrong, thus to violate the Lord’s day. I am astonished at the
parties of pleasure that are formed on that sacred day, in this
professing country; nor do the awful judgments that have, and do
constantly befal hundreds, deter from this shameful practice. I
recollect once, hearing a solemn expression from the pulpit, “O could
you listen to the shrieks of the damned in hell, you would hear their
exclaim ‘Sunday visiting, and Sunday pleasure taking, are my
damnation.’”—But to return to the event of our coming home in the
evening, I let go my hold of the coach strings, and fell backwards on
the ground; here I lay for a time, almost insensible, and had it been
dark, and many carriages passing at the time, I must inevitably have
lost my life. Speaking after the manner of men. Another time, I
met with an accident, in ascending a ladder, which broke under me;
but, through mercy, I was thrown, I am sure, by an invisible hand,
to a wall, which I was enabled to lay hold of, and was saved from
broken limbs, and perhaps death. Being employed in melting
brimstone, of which our moulds, in my trade were made, I believe,
through carelessness, I let it boil over, and in endeavouring to save
the rest, and prevent the house from being burnt down, my hands
were covered with the burning brimstone, and no further accident
happened. I might mention a variety of similar occurrences which
plainly shew, to the honor of Almighty grace, that I was preserved
by his hand, through the instrumentality of his holy angels, till
called: “for he shall give his angels charge over thee, to keep thee in
all thy ways.” What belongs to the covenant head, is most blessedly
fulfilled in the covenant body. During my apprenticeship, I waded
through many toils, hardships, and much ill usage, the effects of
which, I still feel in my constitution. Such ill treatment, perhaps, I
might not have received, had I been blest with the fostering hand of
a parent. Confined, at all times, at home, except when sent on
errands, or to church—debarred from the society of every one,
either male or female—kept to hard labour, seldom allowed a penny,
often hungry and badly clothed—a slave, a drudge, and, worst of all,
denied the knowledge of that business to which I was bound; these
things often made me fret, and shed thousands of tears. What will
some masters have to answer for, in the day of God? The latter part
of my time, I endeavoured to form an intimacy with some females;
which is very natural; but it being discovered, I was forbid to speak
to them. One of whom I promised marriage if providence should
permit. But long before my apprenticeship expired, she was married
to another. She is still alive, and she has visited me within these two
years. After I had lost her, another came to live in the house; but
we were forbid all intimacy: and an old woman, a relation of the
master, was appointed to watch us; so that we could not speak to
each other, only when the family was gone to bed; this was running
a risk: and this old plague of a woman (I suppose, having been in
the oven herself) knew where, when, and how to look after us. One
trifling circumstance proved this—I am sure you will smile at the
relation, and if it gives offence, I would ask pardon of my reader for
the story. The family having retired, myself and fellow-apprentice
supposed to be in bed, I slipped down stairs to converse with my
darling; but, alas! I was soon detected, as I heard a footstep on the
stairs, when I was obliged to hide myself in the cupboard. As soon
as the person was gone, I came out of my secrecy, and we renewed
our converse—but we were presently disturbed by the old woman,
who was roving about the house on pretence of looking for
something: hearing this, my companion shut me up in the coal cellar,
but in her haste she unfortunately had not shut the door close,
though she had turned the key, and taken it with her, intending to
return in a few minutes—here the old woman came and found me,
like Guy Fawkes, in a corner of the cellar. This was the occasion of a
sad uproar. The young woman left her situation, and was soon
afterwards married; and I was threatened with being sent to sea;
the horrid thoughts of which almost broke my heart. [33] But amidst
all the hardships I endured, I never lost my bookish fit, although I
had scarcely a moment’s time to read. Every penny I got, I saved
till it amounted to sixpence or a shilling, when I soon hied to the
bookseller. Many books were given me by the men who worked for
my master; and when I arrived at the age of eighteen, I had a
tolerable library. It excited the jealousy of my master, to see that I
was the favorite of some people, by whose means I had gained such
a collection of books, and he determined to take them from me,
under the pretence that I had not got them honestly:—he therefore
sent for my old master at the Foundling, who advised him, if he had
any complaints against me, to make them known to the Committee,
at the Hospital; he did so—and I appeared before the gentlemen, to
answer for myself. This agitated me very much the night previous,
but I was enabled at that time to pour out my soul in prayer, that
God would be with me when I should be brought before the
Governors, knowing my natural timidity. A person also advised me
to set down in writing, as far as I could remember, who gave me
money at various times for the different errands I had gone upon.
The day arrived, I appeared, and the Lord opened my mouth boldly
to answer all the charges. The principal were, that I had changed
my religion, and that I was in possession of a great many books
which he could not account for. To the first I fully demonstrated that
I was most firmly attached to the articles, doctrines, and prayers of
the Church of England, and that I went to that church where those
truths were preached, the nearest of which was St. Giles in the
Fields, on Sunday afternoons, where the pious and faithful Rev. Mr.
Shephard preached. This admission gave universal satisfaction; and
as to my books, I presented to the Committee a sort of diary, in
which I had minuted the particular persons who had given me a few
pence, how I had saved them, and what books I had bought with
them. They were all perfectly satisfied with my conduct, and
requested my master to restore them to me, which he did. The
following remark was of course made by all who knew it, that many
had been brought before the Committee for being too bad, but
never till now was any one brought for being too good. My master
lost the day, as he could lay nothing to my charge; for, indeed, it
was well known I was strictly moral; I scarcely ever took the name
of God in vain, and hated to hear an oath; I detested drink,
excepting the weakest beverage, such as water, milk, or tea. I never
saw a play, neither in my youth, nor since: though some persons
have had the impudence to assert, they have seen me at them. I
was guilty of no external enormity whatever, nor did I ever play at
games, as boys do; and, sinful as I feel to this day I bless God for
his keeping me by his power in youth—I do consider it a mercy to
know the Lord and serve him in the days of our youth, before the
heart gets hardened in folly, or wrapt up in pharisaic pride: yet I had
sin enough within me, as all others have, to damn a world—which I
trust has been pardoned through the ever-blessed Saviour. May he
be ever dear to your soul.
Yours, truly, J. C.
Oh, how shall words with equal warmth,
The gratitude declare,
That glows within my grateful heart,
But thou can’st read it there.

LETTER VI.
 “Let mine outcast dwell with thee, Moab, be thou a covert to
him, from the face of the spoiler.”

TO THE SAME.

My dear Friend,—Having raised your curiosity, if no more than that,

you no doubt feel anxious for the continuance of my tale; which,
though not half so interesting as many, yet, the truth being known,
will give you some satisfaction. After the affair of the trial I had, and
gaining the day, it was not to be supposed my master was very kind,
but took every opportunity of mortifying and grieving me. But I bore
it with patience till God delivered me from him. In the year 1799 I
was led to Tottenham-court Chapel, to hear the Rev. Mr. L. His
preaching seemed to strike me so forcibly, that I thought I could
have followed him until death—but, oh, I have since seen it is one
thing to have the passions moved, and another to experience the
power of the Holy Ghost. Having heard him a few times, as soon as
he left London, I begged the Lord would grant me the pleasure to
hear him often the year following, when he should return to
London. God granted this, though by terrible things. At last the
news was brought me, this gentleman would preach on such a
Lord’s Day on his return to London. I could not keep secret what I
had been praying for, and it being whispered in the family, the night
previous to my hearing him, the master issued out a decree, that I
was not to go out of the house all day on Sunday, except in the
afternoon. Although I knew there was nothing to keep me at home,
I fretted about this sadly; and when eleven o’clock came on Sunday
morning, the house could no longer hold me; and, contrary to all
orders, I fled like a lapwing to Tottenham-court Chapel, when with
joy I beheld my favorite preacher, and with raptures heard him
preach on his favorite theme, Phil. iii. 8. I returned to dinner. The
old woman, of whom I have spoken before, observed, she had
orders to go out that morning, and I was to stay at home—to which
I replied, it was nothing but a plan to mortify me, as she made no
preparation for going out, although it was past church-time. She
gave me a hint I should be well horse-whipped for it; this made me
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