DISCRETE MATHEMATICS (REVISION QUESTIONS)

Implication and Double Implications

This set of Discrete Mathematics Interview Questions and Answers for freshers
focuses on “Implication and Double Implications”.

1. Let P and Q be statements, then P<->Q is logically equivalent to

a) P<->~Q
b) ~P<->Q
c) ~P<->~Q
d) None of the mentioned

2. What is the negation of the statement A->(B v(or) C)?

a) A ∧ ~B ∧ ~C
b) A->B->C
c) ~A ∧ B v C
d) None of the mentioned

3. The compound statement A-> (A->B) is false, then the truth values of A, B are
respectively
a) T, T
b) F, T
c) T, F
d) F, F

4. The statement which is logically equivalent to A∧ (and) B is

a) A->B
b) ~A ∧ ~ B
c) A ∧ ~B
d) ~(A->~B)

5. Let P: We give a nice overall squad performance, Q: We will win the match.
Then the symbolic form of “We will win the match if and only if we give a nice
overall squad performance. “is
a) P v Q
b) Q ∧ P
c) Q<->P
d) ~P v Q

6. Let P, Q, R be true, false true , respectively, which of the following is true

a) P∧Q∧R
b) P∧~Q∧~R
c) Q->(P∧R)
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d) P->(Q∧R)

Answer: c
Explanation: Hypothesis is false, hence statement is true.

7. “Match will be played only if it is not a humid day.” The negation of this
statement is
a) Match will be played but it is a humid day
b) Match will be played or it is a humid day
c) All of the mentioned statement are correct
d) None of the mentioned.
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Negation of P->Q is P∧~Q.

8. Consider the following statements

A: Raju should exercise.
B: Raju is not a decent table tennis player.
C: Raju wants to play good table tennis.
The symbolic form of “Raju is not a decent table tennis player and if he wants to
play good table tennis then he should exercise.” is
a) A->B->C
b) B∧(C->A)
c) C->B∧A
d) B<->A∧C
View Answer
Answer: b

9. The statement (~P<->Q)∧~Q is false when

a) P:True Q: False
b) P:True Q:True
c) P:False Q:True
d) P :False Q:False

10. Let P, Q, R be true, false, false, respectively, which of the following is true
a) P∧(Q∧~R)
b) (P->Q)∧~R
c) Q<->(P∧R)
d) P<->(QvR)

1. The compound propositions p and q are called logically equivalent if ________

is a tautology.

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a) p ↔ q
b) p → q
c) ¬ (p ∨ q)
d) ¬p ∨ ¬q

2. p → q is logically equivalent to:

a) ¬p ∨ ¬q
b) p ∨ ¬q
c) ¬p ∨ q
d) ¬p ∧ q

3. p ∨ q is logically equivalent to:

a) ¬q → ¬p
b) q → p
c) ¬p → ¬q
d) ¬p → q

4. ¬ (p ↔ q) is logically equivalent to:

a) q↔p
b) p↔¬q
c) ¬p↔¬q
d) ¬q↔¬p

5. p ∧ q is logically equivalent to:

a) ¬ (p → ¬q)
b) (p → ¬q)
c) (¬p → ¬q)
d) (¬p → q)

6. Which of the following statement is correct?

a) p ∨ q ≡ q ∨ p
b) ¬(p ∧ q) ≡ ¬p ∨ ¬q
c) (p ∨ q) ∨ r ≡ p ∨ (q ∨ r)
d) All of mentioned

7. p ↔ q is logically equivalent to:

a) (p → q) → (q → p)
b) (p → q) ∨ (q → p)
c) (p → q) ∧ (q → p)
d) (p ∧ q) → (q ∧ p)

8. (p → q) ∧ (p → r) is logically equivalent to:

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a) p → (q ∧ r)
b) p → (q ∨ r)
c) p ∧ (q ∨ r)
d) p ∨ (q ∧ r)

9. (p → r) ∨ (q → r) is logically equivalent to:

a) (p ∧ q) ∨ r
b) (p ∨ q) → r
c) (p ∧ q) → r
d) (p → q) → r

10. ¬ (p ↔ q) is logically equivalent to:

a) p ↔ ¬q
b) ¬p ↔ q
c) ¬p ↔ ¬q
d) ¬q ↔ ¬p

– Tautologies and Contradictions

This set of Discrete Mathematics Questions and Answers for Experienced people
focuses on “Tautologies and Contradictions”.

1. A compound proposition that is always ___________ is called a tautology.

a) True
b) False

2. A compound proposition that is always ___________ is called a contradiction.

a) True
b) False

3. If A is any statement, then which of the following is a tautology?

a) A ∧ F
b) A ∨ F
c) A ∨ ¬A
d) A ∧ T

4. If A is any statement, then which of the following is not a contradiction?

a) A ∨ ¬A
b) A ∨ F
c) A ∧ F
d) None of mentioned.

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5. A compound proposition that is neither a tautology nor a contradiction is called
a ___________
a) Contingency
b) Equivalence
c) Condition
d) Inference

6. ¬ (A ∨ q) ∧ (A ∧ q) is a ___________
a) Tautology
b) Contradiction
c) Contingency
d) None of the mentioned

7. (A ∨ ¬A) ∨ (q ∨ T) is a __________
a) Tautology
b) Contradiction
c) Contingency
d) None of the mentioned
8. A ∧ ¬(A ∨ (A ∧ T)) is always __________
a) True
b) False

9. (A ∨ F) ∨ (A ∨ T) is always _________
a) True
b) False

10. A → (A ∨ q) is a __________
a) Tautology
b) Contradiction
c) Contingency
d) None of the mentioned

Propositions
This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Propositions”.

1. Which of the following statement is a proposition?

a) Get me a glass of milkshake
b) God bless you!
c) What is the time now?
d) The only odd prime number is 2

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2. The truth value of given statement is
„4+3=7 or 5 is not prime‟.
a) False
b) True

3. Which of the following option is true?

a) If the Sun is a planet, elephants will fly
b) 3 +2 = 8 if 5-2 = 7
c) 1 > 3 and 3 is a positive integer
d) -2 > 3 or 3 is a negative integer

4. What is the value of x after this statement, assuming initial value of x is 5?

„If x equals to one then x=x+2 else x=0‟.
a) 1
b) 3
c) 0
d) 2

5. Let P: I am in Bangalore. , Q: I love cricket. ; then q -> p(q implies p) is:

a) If I love cricket then I am in Bangalore
b) If I am in Bangalore then I love cricket
c) I am not in Bangalore
d) I love cricket

6. Let P: If Sahil bowls, Saurabh hits a century. ,Q: If Raju bowls , Sahil gets out
on first ball. Now if P is true and Q is false then which of the following can be true?
a) Raju bowled and Sahil got out on first ball
b) Raju did not bowled
c) Sahil bowled and Saurabh hits a century
d) Sahil bowled and Saurabh got out

7. The truth value of given statement is

„If 9 is prime then 3 is even‟.
a) False
b) True

8. Let P: I am in Delhi. , Q: Delhi is clean. ; then q ^ p(q and p) is:

a) Delhi is clean and I am in Delhi
b) Delhi is not clean or I am in Delhi
c) I am in Delhi and Delhi is not clean
d) Delhi is clean but I am in Mumbai

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9. Let P: This is a great website, Q: You should not come back here.
Then „This is a great website and you should come back here.‟ is best represented
by:
a) ~P V ~Q
b) P ∧ ~Q
c) P V Q
d) P ∧ Q

10. Let P: We should be honest., Q: We should be dedicated .,R: We should be

overconfident.
Then „We should be honest or dedicated but not overconfident.‟ is best represented
by:
a) ~P V ~Q V R
b) P ∧ ~Q ∧ R
c) P V Q ∧ R
d) P V Q ∧ ~R

1. Propositional logic uses symbols to stand for statements and...

a. Nonstatements
b. The relationships between subject and predicate
c. Truth values
d. The relationships between statements

2. The symbolization for a conjunction is...

a. p → q
b. p & q
c. p v q
d. ~ p

3. In a disjunction, even if one of the statements is false, the whole disjunction is

still...
a. False
b. Negated
c. True
d. Both true and false

4. In a conditional statement, the first part is the antecedent and the second part is
the...
a. Predicate
b. Consequent
c. Subject
d. Disjunct

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5. The name of the following argument form is... p → q ~ p ∴ ~ q
a. Denying the consequent
b. Disjunctive syllogism
c. Modus tollens
d. Denying the antecedent

6. In a truth table for a two-variable argument, the first guide column has the
following truth values:
a. T, T, F, F
b. F, F, T, T
c. T, F, T, F
d. T, F, F, F

7. In using the short method, your overall goal is to see if you can...
a. Show that all the statements of the argument are true
b. Prove invalidity in the most efficient way possible
c. Prove validity in the most efficient way possible
d. Prove that the conclusion is false

8. The four logical connectives are…

a. Conjunctions, conditionals, compounds, and disjunctions
b. Conjunctions, statements, disjuncts, and conditionals
c. Conditionals, disjunctions, negations, and conjunctions
d. Conjuncts, disjuncts, conditionals, and negations

9. A conditional is symbolized like this…

a. p v q
b. p → q
c. p * q
d. p & q

10. A conditional is false only when the antecedent is…

a. True and the consequent is false
b. False and the consequent is false
c. True and the consequent is true
d. False and the consequent is true

11. In a conditional statement, unless means “if not” and introduces…

a. A negation
b. The conjunct
c. The consequent

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d. The antecedent

12. It is impossible for a valid argument to have true premises and…

a. A true conclusion
b. A negated conclusion
c. A conditional
d. A false conclusion

Discrete Mathematics Questions and Answers – Sets

This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Sets”.
1. A __________ is an ordered collection of objects.
a) Relation
b) Function
c) Set
d) Proposition

2. The set O of odd positive integers less than 10 can be expressed by

_____________
a) {1, 2, 3}
b) {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
c) {1, 2, 5, 9}
d) {1, 5, 7, 9, 11}

3. Power set of empty set has exactly _________ subset.

a) One
b) Two
c) Zero
d) Three
Answer: a
Explanation: Power set of null set has exactly one subset which is empty set.

4. What is the Cartesian product of A = {1, 2} and B = {a, b}?

a) {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a), (b, b)}
b) {(1, 1), (2, 2), (a, a), (b, b)}
c) {(1, a), (2, a), (1, b), (2, b)}
d) {(1, 1), (a, a), (2, a), (1, b)}
Answer: c
Explanation: A subset R of the Cartesian product A x B is a relation from the set A
to the set B.

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5. The Cartesian Product B x A is equal to the Cartesian product A x B. Is it True
or False?
a) True
b) False

6. What is the cardinality of the set of odd positive integers less than 10?
a) 10
b) 5
c) 3
d) 20

7. Which of the following two sets are equal?

a) A = {1, 2} and B = {1}
b) A = {1, 2} and B = {1, 2, 3}
c) A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {2, 1, 3}
d) A = {1, 2, 4} and B = {1, 2, 3}

8. The set of positive integers is _____________

a) Infinite
b) Finite
c) Subset
d) Empty

9. What is the Cardinality of the Power set of the set {0, 1, 2}.
a) 8
b) 6
c) 7
d) 9

10. The members of the set S = {x | x is the square of an integer and x < 100} is
________________
a) {0, 2, 4, 5, 9, 58, 49, 56, 99, 12}
b) {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81}
c) {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 64, 81, 85, 99}
d) {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 121}

1. The union of the sets {1, 2, 5} and {1, 2, 6} is the set _______________
a) {1, 2, 6, 1}
b) {1, 2, 5, 6}
c) {1, 2, 1, 2}
d) {1, 5, 6, 3}

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2. The intersection of the sets {1, 2, 5} and {1, 2, 6} is the set _____________
a) {1, 2}
b) {5, 6}
c) {2, 5}
d) {1, 6}
3. Two sets are called disjoint if there _____________ is the empty set.
a) Union
b) Difference
c) Intersection
d) Complement

4. Which of the following two sets are disjoint?

a) {1, 3, 5} and {1, 3, 6}
b) {1, 2, 3} and {1, 2, 3}
c) {1, 3, 5} and {2, 3, 4}
d) {1, 3, 5} and {2, 4, 6}

5. The difference of {1, 2, 3} and {1, 2, 5} is the set ____________

a) {1}
b) {5}
c) {3}
d) {2}

6. The complement of the set A is _____________

a) A – B
b) U – A
c) A – U
d) B – A

7. The bit string for the set {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} (with universal set of natural numbers
less than or equal to 10) is ____________________
a) 0101010101
b) 1010101010
c) 1010010101
d) 0010010101

8. Let Ai = {i, i+1, i+2, …..}. Then set {n, n+1, n+2, n+3, …..} is the _________
of the set Ai.
a) Union
b) Intersection
c) Set Difference
d) Disjoint

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9. The bit strings for the sets are 1111100000 and 1010101010. The union of these
sets is ___________
a) 1010100000
b) 1010101101
c) 1111111100
d) 1111101010

10. The set difference of the set A with null set is __________
a) A
b) null
c) U
d) B

1. Let the set A is {1, 2, 3} and B is {2, 3, 4}. Then number of elements in A U B
is
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7

2. Let the set A is {1, 2, 3} and B is { 2, 3, 4}. Then number of elements in A ∩ B

is
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

3. Let the set A is {1, 2, 3} and B is {2, 3, 4}. Then the set A – B is
a) {1, -4}
b) {1, 2, 3}
c) {1}
d) {2, 3}

4. In which of the following sets A- B is equal to B – A

a) A= {1, 2, 3}, B ={2, 3, 4}
b) A= {1, 2, 3}, B ={1, 2, 3, 4}
c) A={1, 2, 3}, B ={2, 3, 1}
d) A={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, B ={2, 3, 4, 5, 1}

5. Let A be set of all prime numbers, B be the set of all even prime numbers, C be
the set of all odd prime numbers, then which of the following is true?

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a) A ≡ B U C
b) B is a singleton set.
c) A ≡ C U {2}
d) All of the mentioned

6. If A has 4 elements B has 8 elements then the minimum and maximum number
of elements in A U B are respectively
a) 4, 8
b) 8, 12
c) 4, 12
d) None of the mentioned

7. If A is {{Φ}, {Φ, {Φ}}, then the power set of A has how many element?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8

8. Two sets A and B contains a and b elements respectively .If power set of A
contains 16 more elements than that of B, value of „b‟ and „a‟ are respectively
a) 4, 5
b) 6, 7
c) 2, 3
d) None of the mentioned

9. Let A be {1, 2, 3, 4}, U be set of all natural numbers, then U-A‟(complement of

A) is given by set.
a) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ….}
b) {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ……}
c) {1, 2, 3, 4}
d) All of the mentioned

10. Which sets are not empty?

a) {x: x is a even prime greater than 3}
b) {x : x is a multiple of 2 and is odd}
c) {x: x is an even number and x+3 is even}
d) { x: x is a prime number less than 5 and is odd}

Predicate Logic Quantifiers

This set of Discrete Mathematics Interview Questions and Answers for
Experienced people focuses on “Predicate Logic Quantifiers”.
1. Let P (x) denote the statement “x >7.” Which of these have truth value true?

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a) P (0)
b) P (4)
c) P (6)
d) P (9)

2. Let Q(x) be the statement “x < 5.” What is the truth value of the quantification
∀xQ(x), having domains as real numbers?
a) True
b) False

3. Determine the truth value of ∀n(n + 1 > n) if the domain consists of all real
numbers.
a) True
b) False

4. Let P(x) denote the statement “x = x + 7.” What is the truth value of the
quantification ∃xP(x), where the domain consists of all real numbers?
a) True
b) False

5. Let R (x) denote the statement “x > 2.” What is the truth value of the
quantification ∃xR(x), having domain as real numbers?
a) True
b) False

6. The statement,” Every comedian is funny” where C(x) is “x is a comedian” and

F (x) is “x is funny” and the domain consists of all people.
a) ∃x(C(x) ∧ F (x))
b) ∀x(C(x) ∧ F (x))
c) ∃x(C(x) → F (x))
d) ∀x(C(x) → F (x))

7. The statement, “At least one of your friends is perfect”. Let P (x) be “x is
perfect” and let F (x) be “x is your friend” and let the domain be all people.
a) ∀x (F (x) → P (x))
b) ∀x (F (x) ∧ P (x))
c) ∃x (F (x) ∧ P (x))
d) ∃x (F (x) → P (x))

8. ”Everyone wants to learn cosmology.” This argument may be true for which
domains?
a) All students in your cosmology class

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b) All the cosmology learning students in the world
c) Both of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

9. Let domain of m includes all students , P (m) be the statement “m spends more
than 2 hours in playing polo”. Express ∀m ¬P (m) quantification in English.
a) A student is there who spends more than 2 hours in playing polo
b) There is a student who does not spend more than 2 hours in playing polo
c) All students spends more than 2 hours in playing polo
d) No student spends more than 2 hours in playing polo

10. Determine the truth value of statement ∃n (4n = 3n) if the domain consists of
all integers.
a) True
b) False

Functions
This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Functions”.
1. A function is said to be ______________ if and only if f(a) = f(b) implies that a
= b for all a and b in the domain of f.
a) One-to-many
b) One-to-one
c) Many-to-many
d) Many-to-one

2. The function f(x)=x+1 from the set of integers to itself is onto. Is it True or False?
a) True
b) False

3. The value of ⌊1/2.⌊5/2⌋ ⌋ is ______________

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 0.5

4. Which of the following function f: Z X Z → Z is not onto?

a) f(a, b) = a + b
b) f(a, b) = a
c) f(a, b) = |b|
d) f(a, b) = a – b

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5. The domain of the function that assign to each pair of integers the maximum of
these two integers is ___________
a) N
b) Z
c) Z
d) Z X Z

6. Let f and g be the function from the set of integers to itself, defined by f(x) = 2x
+ 1 and g(x) = 3x + 4. Then the composition of f and g is ____________
a) 6x + 9
b) 6x + 7
c) 6x + 6
d) 6x + 8

7. __________ bytes are required to encode 2000 bits of data.

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 8

8. The inverse of function f(x) = x + 2 is ____________

a) f (y) = (y – 2)
b) f (y) = (y – 2)
c) f (y) = (y)
d) f (y) = (y – 2)

9. The function f(x) = x is bijection from R to R. Is it True or False?

a) True
b) False
10. The g ({0}) for the function g(x)= ⌊x⌋ is ___________
a) {x | 0 ≤ x < 1}
b) {x | 0 < x ≤ 1}
c) {x | 0 < x < 1}
d) {x | 0 ≤ x ≤ 1}

Domain and Range of Functions

This set of Discrete Mathematics MCQs focuses on “Domain and Range of
Functions”.

1. Domain of a function is :
a) the maximal set of numbers for which a function is defined

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b) the maximal set of numbers which a function can take values
c) it is set of natural numbers for which a function is defined
d) none of the mentioned

2. What is domain of function f(x)= x ?

a) (2, ∞)
b) (-∞, 1)
c) [0, ∞)
d) None of the mentioned

3. Range of a function is :
a) the maximal set of numbers for which a function is defined
b) the maximal set of numbers which a function can take values
c) it is set of natural numbers for which a function is defined
d) none of the mentioned

4. What is domain of function f(x) = x for it to be defined everywhere on domain?

a) (2, ∞)
b) (-∞, ∞) – {0}
c) [0, ∞)
d) None of the mentioned

5. State whether the given statement is true or false

The range of function f(x) = sin(x) is (-∞, ∞).
a) True
b) False

6. State whether the given statement is true or false

Codomain is the subset of range.
a) True
b) False

7. What is range of function f(x) = x which is defined everywhere on its domain?

a) (-∞, ∞)
b) (-∞, ∞) – {0}
c) [0, ∞)
d) None of the mentioned

8. If f(x) = 2 then range of the function is :

a) (-∞, ∞)
b) (-∞, ∞) – {0}
c) (0, ∞)

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d) None of the mentioned

9. If f(x) = x + 4 then range of f(x) is given by

a) [4, ∞)
b) (-∞, ∞) – {0}
c) (0, ∞)
d) None of the mentioned

10. State True or False.

Let f(x)=sin (x) + log(x) then domain of f(x) is (-∞, ∞).
a) True
b) False

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