School of Chemistry

and Physics BARCODE

Westville Campus,
Durban

CHEM110: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY

Test 3
Date: 09 May 2016 Total marks: 25
Time: 17h45 – 18h30
Examiner: Dr V Paideya and Dr N Nombona
IMPORTANT: Complete this part immediately.
Name:
MEMO
Student No:

Tutorial Day:

Tutorial Venue:

Tutor’s Name:

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Answer ALL questions.
2. For Section A which contains the multiple choice questions, write your
answers on the multiple choice answer sheet and follow the instructions
given in the question.
3. Calculators may be used but all working must be shown for Section B.
4. The pages of this test must not be unpinned.
5. Your answers for Section B must be written on the question paper in the
spaces provided. The left-hand pages may be used for extra space or for
rough work.
6. Marks will be deducted for the incorrect use of significant figures and the
omission of units.
7. You must write legibly in black or blue ink. Pencils and Tipp-Ex are not
allowed.
8. This test consists of 10 pages which includes a data sheet and a periodic
table.
Section Section B
TOTAL
A 1 2 3 4
Mark

Total
15 4 2 2 2 25
Mark

1
 SECTION A - Multiple Choice Questions

 For each of the following questions, select the correct answer from the list
provided.
 There is only one correct answer for each question.
 Indicate your answer on the multiple choice answer sheet provided.
 Make a dark heavy mark with HB pencil that fills the block of the appropriate letter
completely.

1. In a nickel atom, which electron will experience the greatest effective nuclear
charge (Zeff)? An electron in the…
A 3s orbital
B 2p orbital
C 2s orbital
D 3d orbital
(1)

2. Which of the following is smallest is size?

A N3-
B O2-
C F-
D Na+
(1)

3. Which of the following is correct for the first ionization energies of their elements?

A B < Be < N < O

B Be < B < N < O
C B < Be < O < N
D B < O < Be < N
(1)

4. What is true of the oxide formed when magnesium reacts with oxygen

A Its formula is Mg2O

B It is basic
C It is molecular
D It is amphoteric
(1)

2
5. Which of the following molecules has a Lewis structure which violates the octet
rule?

A PO43−
B SiF4
C CF4
D SeF4
(2)

6. According to VSEPR theory, if there are four electron domains on a central atom,
what is the value of the angle between the domains?

A 90°
B 120°
C 180°
D 109.5°
(1)

7. Which one of the following statements is FALSE?

A A double bond consists of one sigma-bond one pi-bond.

B The higher the bond order, the longer the bond length.
C The number of valence electrons in an atom is equal to its group number.
D The shape of a molecule is determined by both the bonding and non-
bonding electrons.
(1)

8. Which of the molecules below is nonpolar?

A BF3
B NF3
C IF3
D PF3
(2)

3
9. According to the VSEPR model, the progressive decrease in the bond angles in the
series of molecules CH4, NH3 and H2O is best accounted for by the
A increasing strength of bonds
B decreasing size of the central atom
C increasing the electronegativity of the central atom
D increasing number of lone pairs of electrons
(2)

10. How many sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds are in a carbon dioxide molecule?

A four σ and zero π

B three σ and one π
C two σ and two π
D one σ and three π
(1)

11. What type of hybridization is associated with a square planar molecular shape?

A sp2
B sp3
C sp3d
D sp3d2
(1)

12. Which of the following pairs of compounds are a reactant and product in
the Haber process?

A NO, N2
B O2, KClO3
C NH3, N2
D HNO3, N2

(1)

[15]

End of Section A

4
 SECTION B
QUESTION 1

a) What is an oxoacid and give an example? (1½)

Ternary compound½, consisting of H, O and another element½. Eg HOCl½

b) What determines the strength of an oxoacid?

(1)

The number of O atoms and the electronegativity of the central atom

c) What is the product formed them lithium reacts with oxygen? (½)

Lithium oxide, an oxide

d) State a reason why the noble gases are considered to be chemically inert. (1)
Any one of the reasons below:
1. They already have a full valence shell.
2. All have very large ionization energies.
3. They also have positive electron affinities.
4. They are all relatively unreactive and hence are termed ‘noble’ and
therefore don’t get involved in much of the common chemistry that we
are used to.

5
QUESTION 2

Draw the best plausible Lewis structure for hydrazine, N2H4. Show all working, including
the formal charge.
(2)

1/2

Total Ve = 5 x 2 + 4(1) = 14 e- 1/2

6
QUESTION 3

The carbonate anion [CO3]2- is a very useful substrate in various enzyme-catalysed

reactions in living organisms. Draw all the possible resonance structures of the
carbonate ion.
(2)

7
QUESTION 4

Determine the electron domain around the central atom for ICl3 and molecular geometry.
Draw its structure and indicate the bond angles.

(2)
ICl3 = 7 + 3(7) = 28

28 – 6 bond e- = 22 valence e-

1/2

3 bonding pairs + 2 lone pairs = electron domain of 5 1/2

Molecular geometry is T- shaped. 1/2

Bond angle = 90º between Cl atoms and 120º between lone pair e- 1/2

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 1 18
1 2
H He
1.008 2 13 14 15 16 17 4.003

3 4 Periodic Table 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.012 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.61 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 98.91 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3

55 56 57* 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5 180.9 183.8 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 (209) (210) (222)

87 88 89* * 104 105 106 107 108 109

Fr Ra Ac Db Jl Rf Bh Hn Mt
(223) (226) (227) (261) (262) (263) (262) (?) (?)

* 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Lanthanide Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Series 140. 140. 144. (147) 150. 152. 157. 158. 162. 164. 167. 168. 173. 175.
1 9 2 4 0 2 9 5 9 3 9 0 0

** 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Actinide Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Series (232) (231) (238) (237) (239) (243) (247) (247) (252) (252) (257) (256) (259) (260)

9
 DATA SHEET
Physical Constants Conversion Factors
-23 -1 -6
Boltzmann constant k = 1.381 x 10 J K 1 micron (μ) = 10 m = 1 μm
-34 -10
Planck constant h = 6.626 x 10 J s 1 Ångström (Å) = 1 x 10 m = 0.1 nm = 100 pm
-19 -3 3 3
Elementary charge e = 1.602 x 10 C 1L = 10 m = 1 dm
8 -1 5 -2 5
Speed of light in vacuum c = 2.998 x 10 m s 1 atm = 1.013 x 10 N m = 1.013 x 10 Pa
10 -1
= 2.998 x 10 cm s = 760 mmHg = 760 Torr
23 -1 5
Avogadro constant L or NA = 6.022 x 10 mol 1 bar = 1.000 x 10 Pa
-1 -1
Gas constant R = kL = 8.315 J K mol 1J = 0.2390 cal
-1 -1 3 2 -2
= 8.315 L kPa K mol = 1 Pa m = 1 m kg s
-1 -1
= 0.08206 L atm K mol 1 cal = 4.184 J
-19
Molar volume of an ideal gas V o
= 22.414 L mol
-1 1 eV = 1.602 x 10 J
m 1 L atm = 101.3 J
(at 1.000 atm and 273.2 K) 1W =1Js
-1
-1 -1
1 ppm = 1 μg g = mg kg
-1 -1
Vm = 24.789 L mol = 1 mg L (dilute aqueous solutions only)
(at 100.0 kPa and 298.2 K) 1 tonne = 1000 kg
4 -1
Faraday constant F = eL = 9.6485 x 10 C mol
-27
Atomic mass unit (amu) u = 1.661 x 10 kg
-31
Rest mass of electron me = 9.109 x 10 kg
-27
Rest mass of proton mp = 1.673 x 10 kg
-27
Rest mass of neutron mn = 1.675 x 10 kg
-12 -1 2 -1
Vacuum permittivity ευ = 8.854 x 10 J C m
Standard acceleration
-2
of free fall g = 9.807 m s
Rydberg constant
-1
for the H atom RH = 109677 cm

Prefixes to Units

P T G M k d c m μ n p f

peta tera giga mega kilo deci centi milli micro nano pico femto
15 12 9 6 3 -1 -2 -3 -6 -9 -12 -15
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

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