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The document is a practice exam for AP Physics C: Mechanics provided by the College Board, containing various physics problems and questions. It includes guidelines for teachers regarding the use and distribution of the exam materials to maintain security and copyright compliance. The exam consists of multiple-choice questions covering topics such as motion, forces, energy, and gravitation.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
6 views

2013

The document is a practice exam for AP Physics C: Mechanics provided by the College Board, containing various physics problems and questions. It includes guidelines for teachers regarding the use and distribution of the exam materials to maintain security and copyright compliance. The exam consists of multiple-choice questions covering topics such as motion, forces, energy, and gravitation.

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prakujhajhar
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Physics C: Mechanics Practice Exam

From the 2013 Administration

This Practice Exam is provided by the College Board for AP Exam preparation. Teachers are
permitted to download the materials and make copies to use with their students in a
classroom setting only. To maintain the security of this exam, teachers should collect all
materials after their administration and keep them in a secure location.
Exams may not be posted on school or personal websites, nor electronically redistributed for
any reason. Further distribution of these materials outside of the secure College Board site
disadvantages teachers who rely on uncirculated questions for classroom testing. Any
additional distribution is in violation of the College Board’s copyright policies and may result
in the termination of Practice Exam access for your school as well as the removal of access to
other online services such as the AP Teacher Community and Online Score Reports.
TABLE OF INFORMATION DEVELOPED FOR 2012
CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
Proton mass, Electron charge magnitude,
Neutron mass, 1 electron volt,
Electron mass, Speed of light,
Universal gravitational
Avogadro’s number,
constant,
Acceleration due to gravity
Universal gas constant,
at Earth’s surface,
Boltzmann’s constant,
1 unified atomic mass unit,
Planck’s constant,

Vacuum permittivity,
Coulomb’s law constant,
Vacuum permeability,
Magnetic constant,
1 atmosphere pressure,

meter, m mole, mol watt, W farad, F


kilogram, kg hertz, Hz coulomb, C tesla, T
UNIT
second, s newton, N volt, V degree Celsius,
SYMBOLS
ampere, A pascal, Pa ohm, electron-volt, eV
kelvin, K joule, J henry, H

PREFIXES VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES


Factor Prefix Symbol
giga G
mega M
kilo k
centi c
milli m The following conventions are used in this exam.
micro I. Unless otherwise stated, the frame of reference of any problem is
assumed to be inertial.
nano n
II. The direction of any electric current is the direction of flow of positive
pico p charge (conventional current).
III. For any isolated electric charge, the electric potential is defined as zero at
an infinite distance from the charge.

-2-
PHYSICS C: MECHANICS
SECTION I
Time—45 minutes
35 Questions

Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet.

Note: To simplify calculations, you may use in all problems.

Questions 1-3 4. Persons X , Y, and Z walk along a circular path


of radius 50 m. Person X walks halfway around
An object of mass 10 kg starts from rest at time the path, Person Y walks of the way around
and moves in a straight line. For time , the path, and Person Z walks completely around
the object’s velocity as a function of time t is the path. Which of the following correctly lists
the walkers in order of the magnitudes of their
given by , where is in m s and t
displacement vectors from the least to the
is in seconds. greatest?
1. How far does the object travel during the first 10 s (A)
of its motion? (B)
(C)
(A) 62 m (D)
(B) 320 m (E)
(C) 383 m
(D) 1100 m 5. A small particle starts from rest from the origin
(E) 1600 m of an xy-coordinate system and travels in the
xy-plane. Its acceleration in the x-direction is
2. What is the instantaneous net force that acts on
the object at t = 2 s ? , and its acceleration in the y-direction

(A) 140 N is . What is the x-coordinate of the


(B) 160 N particle when its y-coordinate is 12 m?
(C) 320 N (A) 3.0 m
(D) 1280 N (B) 6.0 m
(E) 2560 N (C) 12 m
(D) 24 m
3. How much work is done by the net force between (E) 48 m
t = 0 and t = 1 s ?
(A) 5J 6. If the speed of an object moving in a straight line
(B) 50 J is increasing at a constant rate, the net force acting
(C) 125 J on the object is
(D) 250 J (A) zero
(E) 500 J (B) constant, but not zero
(C) decreasing at a constant rate
(D) increasing at a constant rate
(E) changing at a rate proportional to the average
velocity

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10. All of the following are vector quantities
EXCEPT
(A) rotational kinetic energy
(B) torque
(C) angular momentum
(D) angular velocity
7. A force F accelerates a system of two blocks, (E) centripetal acceleration
X and Y, on a horizontal frictionless surface, as
shown above. The acceleration is . The
force with which block Y pushes on block X
has magnitude
(A) zero
(B) 6N
(C) 8N
(D) 16 N
(E) 24 N

8. A hoop of mass m and radius r rolls with


constant speed on a horizontal surface without
slipping. What is the hoop’s translational kinetic
energy divided by its rotational kinetic energy? 11. The toy raft shown in the top view above is sliding
(A) 4 due east on frictionless ice at constant speed
(B) 2 when a fan blows on its sail, producing a constant
(C) 1 acceleration a directed to the north. Which of the
(D) following could indicate the path of the raft while
(E) the fan is blowing?
(A)
9. The rotational inertia of a sphere of mass M and
radius R about a diameter is . The
rotational inertia about an axis tangent to the
(B)
sphere is

(A)
(C)
(B)

(C)
(D)

(D)
(E)
(E)

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12. The velocity in meters per second of an object
moving in a straight line is given as a function of
time t in seconds by . The total
distance the object travels between t = 1 s and
t = 2 s is
(A) 12 m
(B) 18 m 15. The block shown above is attached to a rigid wall
(C) 24 m by means of an ideal spring and moves on a
(D) 30 m horizontal surface with negligible friction. The
(E) 36 m block oscillates with a period T. If a second ideal
spring, identical to the first, is placed above the
13. Two small spheres, each with a mass of 3.0 kg, first spring and attached to the wall and the block,
are placed 6.0 m apart. Which of the following the new oscillation period of the block is
is the order of magnitude of the gravitational
attraction between them? (A)
(B)
(A)
(C) T
(B)
(D)
(C)
(E) 2T
(D)
(E) 16. An object on the end of a spring of force
constant k moves in simple harmonic motion
with amplitude A and frequency f. Which of the
14. A satellite of mass m is in a circular orbit with
following is a possible expression for the potential
speed at a distance r from the center of Earth. energy of the spring as a function of time t ?
What is the ratio of its escape speed from the orbit
to its orbital speed, ? (A)

(A) (B)
(B) 2
(C) 1 (C)

(D) (D)

(E) (E)

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17. A wheel with rotational inertia
and radius 0.02 m is turning at the rate of
10 revolutions per second when a frictional
torque is applied to stop it. How much work
is done by the torque in stopping the wheel?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) 19. An arrow of mass and speed strikes and
(E) sticks to one end of a meterstick of mass as
shown in the diagram above. The meterstick is
initially at rest on a horizontal surface and free to
move without friction. The speed of the center of
mass of the stick-arrow system after the arrow
strikes is given by which of the following
expressions?

(A)

(B)

18. A uniform beam of weight W is attached to a (C)


wall by a pivot at one end and is held horizontal
by a cable attached to the other end of the beam (D)
and to the wall, as shown above. T is the tension
in the cable, which makes an angle with the (E) 0
beam. Which of the following is equal to T ?

(A)

(B)

(C)
20. Object X of mass m is moving to the right with
a speed of when it collides with object Y of
(D) mass m that is moving to the right with a speed of
2 m/s, as shown above. After the collision, X is
(E) W moving to the right with a speed of and Y is
moving to the right with a speed of . Which
of the following is true of the collision?
(A) It is elastic because momentum is conserved.
(B) It is elastic because kinetic energy is
conserved.
(C) It is inelastic because momentum is not
conserved.
(D) It is inelastic because kinetic energy is not
conserved.
(E) More information is needed to determine
whether the collision is elastic or inelastic.

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Questions 21-22

A 20 kg box moving at an initial speed of


slides 25 m to the right on a horizontal floor before it
comes to a complete stop.

21. What is the coefficient of friction 23. A block of mass m is pulled across a rough
between the box and the floor? horizontal surface at constant speed by a force
of magnitude F, which acts at an angle of to
(A) 0.10 the horizontal, as shown above. The coefficient
(B) 0.20 of kinetic friction between the block and the
(C) 0.40 surface is
(D) 0.60
(E) 0.80
(A)
22. Which of the following best describes the
frictional forces exerted on the box (B)
and on the floor while the box is sliding?
Box Floor
(C)
(A) None None
(B) To the right To the right
(C) To the right To the left (D)
(D) To the left None
(E) To the left To the right
(E)

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-7-
25. The uniform rod of length L shown above is
supported by holding end X so that the rod makes
an angle with the horizontal floor. There is
no friction acting between the rod and the floor.
When the support at X is removed, the rod falls
24. The rope-and-pulley system of negligible mass under the influence of gravity. Which of the
shown above supports a block of weight W that is following best describes the movement of end Y
at rest. If the tension throughout the rope is as the rod falls?
uniform, what is the reading on the spring scale?
(A) W (A) It moves to the left.

(B) It remains at rest.


(B)
(C) It moves to the right.
(C)
(D) It moves to the right.
(D)
(E) It moves to the right.
(E)
26. In an experiment, an object is released from
rest from the top of a building. Its speed is
measured as it reaches a point that is a distance d
from the point of release. If this distance was
doubled, what would the new speed be, assuming
air resistance is negligible?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

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-8-
27. A particle moves on a straight line with a speed 29. The period T of a pendulum of length L is
that changes with time t according to the measured to determine g at the surface of Earth.
equation , where and are The equation used is . The mass
constants. The acceleration a of the particle is of the pendulum bob is 10.0 kg, and the length of
related to its speed by which of the following the pendulum is 1.00 m. Which of the following
equations? would contribute most to the expected error in the
result?
(A)
(A) A 10% uncertainty in the measurement of
(B) the mass
(C) (B) Approximating the value of as 3.14
(D) (C) Variation in the value of g as the pendulum
bob moves along its arc
(E) (D) Using the average period of 10 timed
oscillations instead of the period of 1 timed
28. The relationship between the magnitude of the oscillation
restoring force F and the resultant displacement (E) Starting the pendulum swinging by releasing
x from equilibrium for a nonlinear spring is given it from a horizontal position
by the equation . What is the potential
energy of the spring when it has been compressed 30. If a person goes to the bottom of a deep mine
a distance ? shaft on a planet of uniform density, which of
the following is true?
(A) (A) The person’s weight is exactly the same as
at the surface.
(B) (B) The person’s weight is greater than at the
surface.
(C) The person’s weight is less than at the surface.
(C)
(D) The person’s weight may increase or decrease,
depending on the density of the planet.
(D) (E) The gravitational force on the person changes
in direction but not in magnitude.
(E)

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-9-
31. A certain satellite in a circular orbit of radius r
remains vertically above a certain point on Earth’s
equator. Which of the following expressions
correctly gives r in terms of (the angular
velocity of Earth’s rotation about its axis), M (the 32. Two blocks of masses M and 2M are on a
mass of Earth), and G (the universal gravitational frictionless horizontal surface, as shown above,
constant) ? and are held in place with a compressed spring of
negligible mass between them. If the blocks are
then released and the block of mass 2M leaves
(A) the spring with a velocity , the velocity of the
center of mass of the blocks is
(B) (A) zero

(C) (B)

(D) (C)

(E) (D)

(E)

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Questions 33-34

A 0.060 kg tennis ball moving at 15 m/s


strikes a tennis racket and rebounds at 10 m/s in
the opposite direction, as shown above. The ball
is in contact with the racket for 0.030 s.

33. What is the magnitude of the average force


exerted by the racket on the ball?
(A) 5N
(B) 10 N
(C) 20 N
(D) 25 N
(E) 50 N

34. How does the magnitude of the average force


exerted by the ball on the racket compare to the
magnitude of the average force exerted by the
racket on the ball?
(A) It is less.
(B) It is equal.
(C) It is greater.
(D) It cannot be determined without knowing
the mass of the racket.
(E) It cannot be determined without knowing
the recoil speed of the racket.

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-11-
35. A circular platform has a radius R and rotational
inertia I. The platform rotates around a fixed
pivot at its center with negligible friction and an
initial angular velocity . A child of mass m
(represented by the small circle in the figure
above) runs tangentially with speed and jumps
on the outer edge of the platform. When the child
is standing on the outer edge of the platform, the
new angular velocity is

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

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-12-
TABLE OF INFORMATION DEVELOPED FOR 2012
CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
Proton mass, Electron charge magnitude,
Neutron mass, 1 electron volt,
Electron mass, Speed of light,
Universal gravitational
Avogadro’s number,
constant,
Acceleration due to gravity
Universal gas constant,
at Earth’s surface,
Boltzmann’s constant,
1 unified atomic mass unit,
Planck’s constant,

Vacuum permittivity,
Coulomb’s law constant,
Vacuum permeability,
Magnetic constant,
1 atmosphere pressure,

meter, m mole, mol watt, W farad, F


kilogram, kg hertz, Hz coulomb, C tesla, T
UNIT
second, s newton, N volt, V degree Celsius,
SYMBOLS
ampere, A pascal, Pa ohm, electron-volt, eV
kelvin, K joule, J henry, H

PREFIXES VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES


Factor Prefix Symbol
giga G
mega M
kilo k
centi c
milli m The following conventions are used in this exam.
micro I. Unless otherwise stated, the frame of reference of any problem is
assumed to be inertial.
nano n
II. The direction of any electric current is the direction of flow of positive
pico p charge (conventional current).
III. For any isolated electric charge, the electric potential is defined as zero at
an infinite distance from the charge.

- -
ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS DEVELOPED FOR 2012

MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM


a = acceleration A = area
= force B = magnetic field
= frequency C = capacitance
h = height d = distance
I = rotational inertia E = electric field
J = impulse = emf
= kinetic energy F = force
= spring constant I = current
= length J = current density
= angular momentum = inductance
m= mass = length
N = normal force = number of loops of wire
= power per unit length
= momentum = number of charge carriers
= radius or distance per unit volume
= position vector P = power
= period = charge
= time = point charge
U= potential energy = resistance
= velocity or speed = distance
W= work done on a system t = time
x = position U= potential or stored energy
= coefficient of friction = electric potential
= velocity or speed
= angle
= resistivity
= torque
= angular speed = magnetic flux
= angular acceleration = dielectric constant
= phase angle

-4-
ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS DEVELOPED FOR 2012

GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY CALCULUS

Rectangle A= area
C= circumference
V= volume
Triangle
S = surface area
b = base
h = height
Circle = length
w= width
r = radius

Rectangular Solid

Cylinder

Sphere

Right Triangle

-
PHYSICS C: MECHANICS
SECTION II
Time—45 minutes
3 Questions

Directions: Answer all three questions. The suggested time is about 15 minutes for answering each of the questions,
which are worth 15 points each. The parts within a question may not have equal weight. Show all your work in this
booklet in the spaces provided after each part.

Mech. 1.
A ball of mass m and cross-sectional area A is released from rest near the surface of Earth. The ball experiences
a resistive force due to the air that is proportional to the ball’s velocity, , where b is a positive
constant. Determine all algebraic answers in terms of m, b, A, and fundamental constants.
(a) Draw free-body diagrams for the ball for the following situations. Give each vector a descriptive label and
draw them approximately to scale.

(b) Calculate the terminal velocity of the ball.

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(c) Starting from Newton’s laws, derive an expression for the time required for the ball to reach one third the
terminal velocity.

(d) Sketch the following two graphs of the ball’s motion from when the ball is released at time until it
approaches terminal velocity.

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-7-
Mech. 2.
A 0.30 kg cart moving at 2.0 m/s to the right collides with a 0.10 kg cart, initially moving at 3.0 m/s to the left.
After the collision, the 0.10 kg cart moves to the right with a speed of 1.2 m/s. Assume friction is negligible.
(a) Calculate the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the 0.30 kg cart after the collision.

(b) Is this an elastic collision? Justify your answer.

The 0.30 kg cart is now removed. The 0.10 kg cart continues to move to the right and then collides with and
compresses an ideal spring whose right end is attached to a fixed wall.

(c) Calculate the potential energy of the spring when it reaches maximum compression.

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-8-
(d) The maximum compression of the spring is 0.10 m. Calculate the spring constant of the spring.

(e) Suppose instead that the spring is nonlinear such that the force F due to the spring when it is compressed a
distance x is . Calculate the value of the constant b if the spring is compressed 0.10 m.

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-9-
Mech. 3.
A solid disk of radius 0.10 m is mounted on a vertical axis. A string of negligible mass is wrapped around the
rim of the disk; passes over a small, lightweight, frictionless pulley as shown above; and is tied to a block of
mass 0.05 kg. The system is released from rest, and a computer records the velocity of the falling block as a
function of time, as shown below.

(a) Using the graph above, calculate the acceleration of the falling block.

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-10-
(b) Use your result from part (a) to calculate the rotational inertia of the disk.

(c) Calculate the angular momentum of the disk at time

(d) The disk is removed and replaced with a hoop of the same mass and radius, but with all of its mass
concentrated near the rim of the hoop and connected to the axis by lightweight spokes. The experiment
is then repeated. Is the angular acceleration of the hoop greater than, less than, or the same as that of the
solid disk?
Greater than Less than The same

Justify your answer.

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-11-
Answer Key for AP Physics C: Mechanics
Practice Exam, Section I

Question 1: D Question 19: C


Question 2: A Question 20: B
Question 3: C Question 21: B
Question 4: E Question 22: E
Question 5: D Question 23: E
Question 6: B Question 24: B
Question 7: D Question 25: C
Question 8: C Question 26: B
Question 9: B Question 27: A
Question 10: A Question 28: E
Question 11: A Question 29: E
Question 12: B Question 30: C
Question 13: C Question 31: E
Question 14: A Question 32: A
Question 15: B Question 33: E
Question 16: A Question 34: B
Question 17: E Question 35: C
Question 18: B
AP® PHYSICS C: MECHANICS
2013 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 1
15 points total Distribution
of points
(a) 4 points

For having all four forces properly labeled and in the proper direction 1 point
For having both W vectors of equal length 1 point
For having a short time after the ball is released 1 point
For having at terminal velocity 1 point
Note: 1 earned point was deducted if there were any extraneous forces

(b) 2 points

For setting the resistive force equal to the weight when at terminal velocity 1 point

Substituting correct expressions for both forces

For the correct magnitude of the terminal velocity 1 point


AP® PHYSICS C: MECHANICS
2013 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 1 (continued)
Distribution
of points
(c) 4 points

For a correct differential equation expressing Newton’s 2nd law 1 point

Solving the differential equation for u

This is of the form , where and .

()
For a correct expression of velocity as a function of time 1 point

For substituting into the above equation 1 point

Solving the above equation for time


AP® PHYSICS C: MECHANICS
2013 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 1 (continued)
Distribution
of points

For a correct answer 1 point


(negative sign required) or (with no negative sign)
Note: If the differential equation is incorrect, the student could still earn credit for
solving the equation and substituting.

(d) 5 points

For an acceleration graph that does NOT begin at the origin 1 point
For an acceleration graph that has a horizontal asymptote of 1 point
For a velocity graph that begins at the origin 1 point
For a velocity graph that has a horizontal asymptote of , as appropriate 1 point
For having both graphs with proper and accurate curvature 1 point
AP® PHYSICS C: MECHANICS
2013 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 2
15 points total Distribution
of points
(a) 4 points

For a correct statement of the conservation of momentum 1 point

For correctly substituting into the above equation 1 point

For a correct answer with units 1 point

For correctly indicating the direction is to the right 1 point

(b) 2 points

For answering “no”, or that the collision is inelastic 1 point


For a correct justification 1 point
Examples:
No, the collision is not elastic. As shown in the calculations below, the final kinetic
energy is less than the initial kinetic energy.

No, the collision is not elastic. Since and , must be less


than .
No, the collision is not elastic. The final relative velocity is less than the initial
relative velocity.

(c) 3 points

For a correct statement of the conservation of energy 1 point

For correctly substituting into the above equation 1 point


( )
For a correct answer with units 1 point

Note: If the student uses the wrong cart, mixes up values for mass and/or velocity, or has
a sign error, only the first point can be earned.
AP® PHYSICS C: MECHANICS
2013 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 2 (continued)
Distribution
of points
(d) 3 points

For a correct expression for the potential energy of a spring 1 point

Substituting into the above equation

For an answer consistent with part (c) 1 point


For correct units 1 point

Note: There was no penalty for a sign error. If the wrong cart was used in part (c), then
an acceptable answer is .

(e) 3 points

For setting up a correct integral 1 point

For a correct equation for the potential energy of the spring 1 point

Substituting into the above equation

For an answer consistent with part (c) and with correct sign and units 1 point

Note: If the wrong cart was used in part (c), then an acceptable answer is
.
AP® PHYSICS C: MECHANICS
2013 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 3
15 points total Distribution
of points
(a) 4 points

For correctly expressing the acceleration as the slope or rate of change of velocity 1 point

For using two points from a best-fit line to calculate the slope/acceleration (not data 1 point
points unless the data points are on the line)

For a reasonable numerical value for a 1 point


For correct units (was earned even if numerical answer was not correct) 1 point
(acceptable range of answers: 2.5 to 3.3 )

(b) 5 points

For a correct expression of Newton’s 2nd law for rotational motion 1 point

For a correct substitution for the angular acceleration in terms of the linear acceleration 1 point

For a correct expression of Newton’s 2nd law for translational motion 1 point

Substituting the expression for T into the expression for the rotational inertia

Substituting values into the above equation

For a numerical answer consistent with part (a) 1 point


For correct units 1 point
(the acceptable range for a gives a range of 0.000985 to 0.00146,
or using a range of 0.00101 to 0.0015

© 2013 The College Board.


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AP® PHYSICS C: MECHANICS
2013 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 3 (continued)
Distribution
of points
(c) 4 points

For a correct expression for angular momentum 1 point

For correct substitution into any proper rotational kinematics expression 1 point
or

Substituting into the above equation

For a numerical answer consistent with part (a) and part (b) 1 point
For correct units 1 point

An alternate solution using and using the graph to determine at


was also acceptable.

(d) 2 points

For correctly selecting “Less than” 1 point


For a correct justification 1 point
Examples:
The same force is applied to the system (or the same torque acts on the hoop/disk).
Rotational inertia is higher for a hoop than a disk, so the acceleration will
decrease.
Since the potential energy stays the same and the rotational inertia of a hoop is
greater than that of a disk, more of the energy goes into rotating the disk and
less into moving the block. So the linear acceleration of the block will be less
with the hoop than with a disk. Since , the angular acceleration of the
hoop will be less.

A derivation of , , or an equivalent expression, and an


explanation that the rotational inertia of the hoop is larger.

© 2013 The College Board.


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2013 AP Physics C: Mechanics Scoring Worksheet

Section I: Multiple Choice

1.2857 =
Number Correct Weighted Section I Score
(out of 35) (Do not round)

Section II: Free Response

Question 1 1.0000 =
(out of 15) (Do not round)

Question 2 1.0000 =
(out of 15) (Do not round)

Question 3 1.0000 =
(out of 15) (Do not round)

Sum =
Weighted
Section II
Score
(Do not round)

Composite Score

+ =
Weighted Weighted Composite Score
Section I Score Section II Score (Round to nearest
whole number)

AP Score Conversion Chart


Physics C: Mechanics
Composite
Score Range AP Score
63-90 5
51-62 4
40-50 3
29-39 2
0-28 1

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