Introduction

• What is Research? Research is a systematic investigation into a specific problem,

undertaken to increase our understanding and find answers or solutions. It involves
a structured process of inquiry, driven by a desire to expand knowledge and solve
problems.

• Key Characteristics of Research:

o Based on the works of others: Research builds upon existing knowledge

and theories, acknowledging and incorporating previous findings.

o Replicable: Research should be designed and documented in a way that

allows others to repeat the study and obtain similar results, ensuring
reliability and validity.

o Generalizable: Research findings should have implications beyond the

specific study context, contributing to broader understanding and
applicability.

o Tied to theory: Research should be grounded in existing theoretical

frameworks or contribute to the development of new theories, providing a
foundation for interpretation and understanding.

o Generates new questions: Research should stimulate further inquiry and

exploration, leading to new avenues of investigation and knowledge
expansion.

o Incremental: Research progresses step by step, building upon previous

findings and contributing to the gradual accumulation of knowledge.

• Research is not merely:

o Information gathering: While research involves gathering information, it

goes beyond simply collecting facts. It involves critical analysis,
interpretation, and synthesis of information to generate new insights.

o Transportation of facts: Research is not about simply moving information

from one place to another. It involves transforming information through
analysis and interpretation to create new knowledge.
Types of Research

• Non-Experimental Research: This type of research examines phenomena without

manipulating variables. It includes:

o Descriptive research: Describes the characteristics of a phenomenon,

population, or situation. It aims to provide a detailed and comprehensive
account.

o Historical research: Investigates past events and phenomena to understand

their causes, consequences, and relevance to current issues.

o Correlational research: Examines the relationships between two or more

variables. It seeks to determine if and how variables are associated or
related.

• Experimental Research: This type of research involves manipulating one or more

independent variables to determine their effect on dependent variables. It aims to
establish cause-and-effect relationships.

• Quasi-Experimental Research: This type of research approximates experimental

conditions but lacks full control over all variables. It is used when random
assignment or manipulation of variables is not feasible.

Characteristics of Good Research

• Systematic: Research follows a structured and organized approach, starting with a

clear question or problem and progressing through a series of well-defined steps.

• Logical: Research employs logical reasoning and analysis to draw conclusions and
interpretations from the data.

• Empirical: Research is based on evidence gathered through observation,

experimentation, or data collection. Findings are supported by empirical data.

• Replicable: Research can be repeated by other researchers using the same

methods and procedures, ensuring reliability and validity of findings.

• Transmittable: Research findings are communicated clearly and effectively,

allowing others to understand, apply, and build upon the knowledge generated.
Research Process

1. Select a topic: Identify a research area of interest and formulate a research

question or problem.

2. Refine the topic through literature review: Conduct a thorough review of existing
literature to gain a comprehensive understanding of the topic, identify gaps in
knowledge, and refine the research question.

3. Identify objectives: Define specific research objectives or goals that the study aims
to achieve.

4. Choose a methodology: Select appropriate research methods and design to

address the research question and objectives.

5. Gather data: Collect data through various methods, such as surveys, experiments,
observations, or archival research.

6. Perform experiments (if applicable): Conduct experiments to test hypotheses and

gather data under controlled conditions.

7. Analyze data: Analyze the collected data using appropriate statistical or qualitative
techniques to draw conclusions and interpretations.

8. Write the report: Prepare a research report or paper to communicate the findings,
methodology, and implications of the study.

Research Paper

• Purpose: A research paper is an extended essay that presents your interpretation,

evaluation, or argument based on in-depth research and analysis.

• Key Features:

o Builds upon existing knowledge: It incorporates and synthesizes

information from various sources, including expert opinions, research
articles, and other relevant literature.

o Tailored to the intended audience: The content and style of the research
paper are adapted to the specific audience, considering their background
knowledge and interests.

Anatomy of a Research Paper

• Abstract: A concise summary of the research paper, highlighting the problem,

approach, experiment, and results.
 • Introduction: Sets the stage for the research paper by defining the problem,
reviewing previous work, highlighting the novelty of the approach, and outlining the
paper's structure.

• Literature Survey: Provides a detailed and critical review of existing work related to
the research topic, including different perspectives, criticisms, and gaps in
knowledge.

• Main Idea: Explains the core concept or innovation of the research, including
algorithms, flowcharts, and novel ideas.

• Experiments: Presents the methodology, datasets, performance metrics,

comparison algorithms, and results of the experiments conducted.

• Conclusion: Summarizes the main idea, results, implications, limitations, and

future work of the research.

• References: A comprehensive list of sources cited in the research paper, formatted

consistently and accurately.

Publication Process

• Stages: The publication process involves several stages, including writing,

submission, review, revision, and decision.

• Publication Venues: Research papers can be published in various venues,

including workshops, conferences, and journals, each with its own specific
requirements and review process.

Abstract Writing

• Purpose: An abstract is a concise summary of a research project, providing a brief

overview of the key elements.

• Characteristics:

o Complete: Covers all major aspects of the research, including purpose,

methods, results, and conclusions.

o Concise: Uses clear and concise language, avoiding unnecessary details or

jargon.

o Clear: Presents information in a logical and understandable manner.

o Cohesive: Flows smoothly between different sections, ensuring coherence

and readability.
 • Contents:

o Purpose: Clearly states the research question or objective.

o Methods: Briefly describes the research design and methodology.

o Results: Summarizes the main findings of the study.

o Conclusions: States the conclusions and implications of the research.

• Exclusions:

o Information not in the original work

o References

o Quotations

o Lengthy explanations

o Unexplained acronyms

o Tables or figures

Reading Research Papers

• Three-Pass Approach:

o First Pass: Skim the paper, focusing on the title, abstract, headings, and
conclusion to get a general overview.

o Second Pass: Read the introduction, figures, and mark relevant references
for further reading.

o Third Pass: Deep dive into methodology, assumptions, and data, critically
evaluating the research.

Additional Tips for Writing Research Papers

• Active voice: Use active voice to make your writing more concise and engaging.

• Define acronyms: Define acronyms before using them to ensure clarity for the
reader.

• One thought per sentence: Write clear and concise sentences, expressing one
thought per sentence.

• Eliminate unnecessary words: Avoid wordiness and redundancy to improve

readability.
 • Consistent verb tenses: Maintain consistent verb tenses throughout the paper.

• Avoid jargon: Use clear and accessible language, avoiding technical jargon or
undefined terms.

• Third person singular: Write in the third person singular to maintain objectivity and
formality.

• Short, complete sentences: Use short, complete sentences with varied structure
to enhance readability and engagement.

MCQs Research Introduction

1. What is the main purpose of research?

a) To search for answers to questions
b) To collect random information
c) To memorize facts
d) To prove personal opinions

Answer: a) To search for answers to questions

2. Which of the following is a key characteristic of research?

a) It is systematic and logical
b) It is based only on personal beliefs
c) It does not require data collection
d) It is always conducted in a lab

Answer: a) It is systematic and logical

3. What is NOT considered research?

a) Investigating a problem using scientific methods
b) Copying information without analysis
c) Finding solutions to new problems
d) Testing hypotheses using experiments

Answer: b) Copying information without analysis

4. How do scientific methods help in research?

a) They provide objective and verifiable results
b) They rely only on personal opinions
c) They are based on assumptions
d) They do not require evidence

Answer: a) They provide objective and verifiable results

 5. Which of the following is a type of research?
a) Descriptive research
b) Guesswork
c) Random observations
d) Assumptions without evidence

Answer: a) Descriptive research

6. What is the purpose of correlational research?

a) To examine relationships between variables
b) To establish cause and effect
c) To provide personal opinions
d) To ignore existing data

Answer: a) To examine relationships between variables

7. Experimental research is different from non-experimental research because:

a) It tests cause-and-effect relationships
b) It does not use scientific methods
c) It avoids using data
d) It is based only on assumptions

Answer: a) It tests cause-and-effect relationships

8. Which research method is based on logical reasoning and evidence?

a) Scientific research
b) Arbitrary beliefs
c) Guesswork
d) Superstitions

Answer: a) Scientific research

9. What is a good characteristic of a research topic?

a) It should be researchable and relevant
b) It should be based only on personal interest
c) It should not require any data
d) It should be too broad to study

Answer: a) It should be researchable and relevant

10. What is NOT a type of research?

a) Experimental research
b) Correlational research
 c) Fictional research
d) Historical research

Answer: c) Fictional research

11. Why do researchers conduct a literature review?

a) To understand existing knowledge and identify research gaps
b) To copy other researchers' work
c) To avoid reading previous studies
d) To make the research longer

Answer: a) To understand existing knowledge and identify research gaps

12. Why is research important?

a) It helps find solutions to real-world problems
b) It makes assumptions without testing
c) It only focuses on old knowledge
d) It is not necessary for progress

Answer: a) It helps find solutions to real-world problems

13. What is the first step in the research process?

a) Identifying a research problem
b) Writing the conclusion
c) Publishing results
d) Collecting random data

Answer: a) Identifying a research problem

14. What is the purpose of the methodology section in research?

a) To describe how the research was conducted
b) To provide personal opinions
c) To summarize all references
d) To introduce the topic

Answer: a) To describe how the research was conducted

15. What is a primary goal of research?

a) To gain new knowledge
b) To copy existing information
c) To avoid scientific methods
d) To reject all previous studies

Answer: a) To gain new knowledge

 16. Which of the following is NOT a research characteristic?
a) Systematic
b) Logical
c) Random
d) Empirical

Answer: c) Random

17. What is the role of data in research?

a) To support findings with evidence
b) To make the research more complex
c) To add unnecessary information
d) To replace the hypothesis

Answer: a) To support findings with evidence

18. What is an example of historical research?

a) Studying past events and their impact
b) Conducting future predictions
c) Testing new drug effects
d) Observing live experiments

Answer: a) Studying past events and their impact

19. What should a research question be?

a) Clear and specific
b) Too broad to answer
c) Based only on opinions
d) Impossible to research

Answer: a) Clear and specific

20. What is the purpose of publishing research?

a) To share knowledge with the academic community
b) To keep findings private
c) To avoid criticism
d) To repeat previous work

Answer: a) To share knowledge with the academic community

21. What is the primary purpose of research?

a) To collect random information
b) To find solutions to problems through systematic investigation
 c) To prove personal opinions
d) To duplicate existing work

Answer: b) To find solutions to problems through systematic investigation

22. Which of the following best defines research?

a) A random search for facts
b) An organized and systematic investigation into a specific problem
c) An informal discussion about a topic
d) A mere collection of data

Answer: b) An organized and systematic investigation into a specific problem

23. What is NOT considered research?

a) Seeking new solutions through a structured approach
b) Gathering information without analysis
c) Investigating a problem with scientific methods
d) Developing new theories based on data

Answer: b) Gathering information without analysis

24. Which method of searching for answers is subjective and unreliable?

a) Scientific method
b) Logical analysis
c) Arbitrary or crude methods
d) Empirical research

Answer: c) Arbitrary or crude methods

25. A good research topic should be:

a) Based on personal interest without feasibility considerations
b) Easy to complete without much effort
c) Researchable, significant, and manageable within available resources
d) A simple duplication of previous studies

Answer: c) Researchable, significant, and manageable within available resources

26. What is a characteristic of experimental research?

a) It only describes existing phenomena
b) It establishes cause-and-effect relationships
c) It does not involve any variables
d) It relies on opinions rather than data

Answer: b) It establishes cause-and-effect relationships

 27. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of research?
a) It is systematic
b) It is empirical
c) It is based on personal beliefs
d) It is replicable

Answer: c) It is based on personal beliefs

28. What is a key difference between quasi-experimental and true experimental

research?
a) True experimental research has full control over variables, whereas quasi-
experimental research does not
b) Quasi-experimental research is not based on scientific methods
c) True experimental research is always unethical
d) Quasi-experimental research cannot establish any relationship between
variables

Answer: a) True experimental research has full control over variables, whereas quasi-
experimental research does not

29. Which type of research examines the relationship between variables without
manipulating them?
a) Experimental research
b) Historical research
c) Correlational research
d) Descriptive research

Answer: c) Correlational research

30. Why do people find research difficult?

a) They lack preparation and understanding of the research process
b) Research requires no specific skills
c) Research is always easy and straightforward
d) Research does not involve reading or data analysis

Answer: a) They lack preparation and understanding of the research process

31. What is a research synopsis?

a) A detailed research plan
b) A brief summary of a research project
c) A list of references
d) A collection of past research papers
Answer: b) A brief summary of a research project

32. What is the first thing to read in a research paper?

a) References
b) Abstract and title
c) Methodology
d) Conclusion

Answer: b) Abstract and title

33. Why do researchers read research papers?

a) To stay updated in their field
b) To copy ideas
c) To memorize facts
d) To ignore new research

Answer: a) To stay updated in their field

34. What is the purpose of a literature survey?

a) To copy past research
b) To understand current work and find research gaps
c) To avoid reading papers
d) To collect all published papers

Answer: b) To understand current work and find research gaps

35. What does the first pass of reading a paper focus on?
a) Reading the title, abstract, and headings
b) Studying the entire methodology
c) Memorizing all details
d) Ignoring the introduction

Answer: a) Reading the title, abstract, and headings

36. What should you do in the second pass of reading a research paper?
a) Read the introduction and analyze diagrams
b) Memorize formulas
c) Skip figures and tables
d) Only read the references

Answer: a) Read the introduction and analyze diagrams

37. What is the purpose of the third pass of reading a research paper?
a) To deeply understand and re-create the work
 b) To quickly scan the paper
c) To ignore details
d) To avoid questioning assumptions

Answer: a) To deeply understand and re-create the work

38. What is the main part of a research paper that explains how the study was done?
a) Introduction
b) Methodology
c) Conclusion
d) References

Answer: b) Methodology

39. Why should a research paper title be well-written?

a) To attract readers and make it searchable
b) To make it long and complicated
c) To confuse the audience
d) To include unnecessary words

Answer: a) To attract readers and make it searchable

40. What is the purpose of an abstract?

a) To summarize the research briefly
b) To list all references
c) To discuss findings in detail
d) To replace the conclusion

Answer: a) To summarize the research briefly

41. What does the results section of a research paper contain?

a) Data and findings without analysis
b) Opinions of the author
c) A review of past studies
d) Only the research questions

Answer: a) Data and findings without analysis

42. Why is the discussion section important?

a) It explains and analyzes the results
b) It repeats the introduction
c) It lists all data without explanation
d) It only summarizes the abstract
Answer: a) It explains and analyzes the results

43. What does the conclusion of a research paper do?

a) Summarizes findings and final thoughts
b) Introduces new research questions
c) Lists all formulas
d) Avoids giving a summary

Answer: a) Summarizes findings and final thoughts

44. What is the purpose of references in a research paper?

a) To give credit to previous research
b) To make the paper longer
c) To avoid writing a conclusion
d) To list random articles

Answer: a) To give credit to previous research

45. What is a good way to find research papers?

a) Use Google Scholar and IEEE Xplore
b) Search on social media
c) Avoid using journals
d) Copy from Wikipedia

Answer: a) Use Google Scholar and IEEE Xplore

46. Why do researchers do a literature review?

a) To understand existing research and identify gaps
b) To rewrite old papers
c) To avoid reading books
d) To ignore past studies

Answer: a) To understand existing research and identify gaps

47. What is the best way to select a base paper for research?
a) Choose a relevant and high-quality paper
b) Select any random paper
c) Avoid reading any papers
d) Pick a paper with no relation to your topic

Answer: a) Choose a relevant and high-quality paper

48. Why is the three-pass approach useful?

a) It helps in gradually understanding research papers
 b) It skips the need to read papers
c) It focuses only on references
d) It avoids detailed study

Answer: a) It helps in gradually understanding research papers

49. What is an effective way to find high-quality journals and conferences?

a) Search online for top journals in your field
b) Use social media comments
c) Avoid digital libraries
d) Select unknown sources

Answer: a) Search online for top journals in your field

50. What is the final step in writing a research paper?

a) Formatting references and finalizing the draft
b) Ignoring citations
c) Avoiding proofreading
d) Submitting without review

Answer: a) Formatting references and finalizing the draft

51. What is the main purpose of an abstract?

a) To give a brief summary of the research
b) To replace the introduction section
c) To list all references used in the paper
d) To provide a detailed explanation of the research

Answer: a) To give a brief summary of the research

52. Why should an abstract be concise?

a) To save space in the paper
b) To make it easier to read and understand quickly
c) Because journals do not allow long abstracts
d) To avoid including important details

Answer: b) To make it easier to read and understand quickly

53. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good abstract?

a) Concise and specific
b) Self-contained and complete
c) Includes tables and references
d) Clearly states the research purpose
Answer: c) Includes tables and references

54. Why do journals reject abstracts?

a) The topic is dull and lacks novelty
b) The abstract is too short
c) The abstract includes too many details
d) The abstract has too many references

Answer: a) The topic is dull and lacks novelty

55. What should an abstract NOT include?

a) Research question and findings
b) References to other studies
c) Key conclusions
d) A brief methodology

Answer: b) References to other studies

56. What is the correct structure of an abstract?

a) Introduction → Methods → Results → Conclusion
b) References → Hypothesis → Summary → Data
c) Discussion → Data → Summary → Future Work
d) Title → Abstract → References → Figures

Answer: a) Introduction → Methods → Results → Conclusion

57. Why should an abstract be self-contained?

a) So readers can understand the research without reading the full paper
b) To avoid using citations
c) To keep the paper shorter
d) To make it easier to write

Answer: a) So readers can understand the research without reading the full paper

58. What should the introduction part of an abstract include?

a) The entire background of the topic
b) A long explanation of past research
c) A brief research question or hypothesis
d) The list of all variables used in the study

Answer: c) A brief research question or hypothesis

59. Which of the following is NOT recommended when writing an abstract?

a) Using unnecessary jargon
 b) Keeping it short and clear
c) Summarizing key findings
d) Using active voice

Answer: a) Using unnecessary jargon

60. Why should an abstract avoid using acronyms and abbreviations?

a) They make the abstract harder to understand
b) They save space in the abstract
c) They are required in all research papers
d) They make the research look more complex

Answer: a) They make the abstract harder to understand

61. What is the best way to write a clear and readable abstract?
a) Use simple and direct sentences
b) Use long and complex sentences
c) Add unnecessary words to increase length
d) Use only technical terms

Answer: a) Use simple and direct sentences

62. What should the conclusion of an abstract include?

a) The main findings and their significance
b) A detailed explanation of the data
c) A long review of past studies
d) The personal opinions of the researcher

Answer: a) The main findings and their significance

63. Why should an abstract avoid including future research suggestions?

a) Abstracts focus only on completed research
b) Future research is not important
c) Future work should be included in the results
d) Journals do not allow it

Answer: a) Abstracts focus only on completed research

64. What is the best writing style for an abstract?

a) Third person and active voice
b) First-person and passive voice
c) Informal and personal
d) Highly technical and complex
Answer: a) Third-person and active voice

65. What should be the main focus of an abstract?

a) Key research findings and their implications
b) A detailed review of literature
c) A summary of all data collected
d) A personal perspective on the topic

Answer: a) Key research findings and their implications

SHORT QUESTIONS

1. What is the purpose of research?

The purpose of research is to find answers to important questions and solve real-
world problems. It helps in understanding unknown concepts, verifying facts, and
developing new knowledge. Research also allows us to explore different
possibilities and improve existing theories. It plays a crucial role in advancements
across various fields, including science, technology, and medicine.

2. How is scientific research different from random guessing?

Scientific research follows a systematic process that includes data collection,
analysis, and testing. It is based on logic, experiments, and facts, making it reliable
and objective. In contrast, random guessing is based on assumptions or opinions
without proof. Scientific research ensures accuracy and helps in making informed
decisions, while guessing can lead to incorrect conclusions.

3. What are the key characteristics of good research?

Good research is systematic, meaning it follows a structured process to find reliable
results. It is logical and based on facts rather than assumptions or opinions.
Research should be repeatable, meaning others should be able to conduct the
same study and get similar results. It should also be objective, meaning it is free
from personal bias and supported by evidence.

4. What is the difference between experimental and non-experimental research?

Experimental research involves testing cause-and-effect relationships by
controlling and changing variables. It is commonly used in laboratories, medicine,
and scientific studies. Non-experimental research, on the other hand, only observes
and records data without interfering with variables. It is used in fields like history,
surveys, and case studies where controlling variables is not possible.

5. Why is a literature review important?

A literature review helps researchers understand what studies have already been
 conducted on a topic. It identifies gaps in existing research and provides a
foundation for new studies. By reviewing past work, researchers can avoid repeating
mistakes and build upon existing knowledge. It also helps in finding relevant
theories, methods, and sources of data for better research planning.

6. What makes a research topic good?

A good research topic should be clear, focused, and researchable within available
time and resources. It should be relevant to the field and contribute to existing
knowledge. The topic should not be too broad or too narrow, allowing for meaningful
exploration. Additionally, it should be interesting and significant, addressing real-
world issues or scientific gaps.

7. What are the ways to search for answers in research?

Answers in research can be found through different methods, such as observation,
experimentation, and literature reviews. Arbitrary methods, like personal beliefs or
opinions, are unreliable and subjective. Scientific methods, however, involve
collecting data, testing hypotheses, and analyzing results to ensure accuracy. Using
logical reasoning and empirical evidence makes research findings more valid and
reliable.

8. What is the role of data in research?

Data is essential in research because it provides evidence to support or reject ideas.
Without data, research would be based on opinions rather than facts. Data allows
researchers to analyze trends, make accurate predictions, and draw logical
conclusions. It also helps in verifying previous studies and ensuring that findings are
reliable and valid. Proper data collection and analysis are crucial for producing
meaningful research results.

9. Why is research systematic and logical?

Research is systematic because it follows a step-by-step process, from identifying a
problem to drawing conclusions. It is logical because it relies on reasoning,
analysis, and empirical evidence rather than assumptions. By following a structured
approach, researchers can ensure their findings are accurate and free from bias. A
logical and systematic method makes research reliable and widely accepted in the
academic and scientific community.

10. Why is publishing research important?

Publishing research is important because it allows new knowledge to be shared with
others in the field. It helps in advancing science, technology, and various disciplines
by contributing new insights. Published research also allows experts to review,
 validate, and improve their findings, ensuring their credibility. Additionally, sharing
research results helps solve real-world problems and inspires further studies on the
topic.

11. What is the difference between a research synopsis and a research proposal?
A research synopsis is a short summary of a research study, explaining its purpose,
objectives, and methods. A research proposal, on the other hand, is a detailed
document that includes background information, methodology, and expected
outcomes. The proposal is usually written to seek approval or funding for the study.
While a synopsis gives an overview, a proposal provides a complete research plan.

12. Why should we read research papers?

Reading research papers helps us stay updated with new discoveries and
advancements in different fields. It allows researchers to build on existing
knowledge and avoid repeating past mistakes. By reading papers, students and
professionals can learn about new methodologies, theories, and findings. It also
improves critical thinking and analytical skills by evaluating different research
perspectives.

13. What is the three-pass approach to reading papers?

The three-pass approach is a structured way to read research papers effectively. In
the first pass, the reader quickly skims through the title, abstract, and conclusion to
get a general idea. In the second pass, they focus on understanding key details like
figures, methods, and results. The third pass involves deeply analyzing the entire
paper, including assumptions, calculations, and conclusions.

14. What do we focus on in the first pass of reading a paper?

In the first pass, the reader should focus on the title, abstract, introduction, and
conclusion. This helps in understanding the main idea of the research without going
into too many details. Skimming through section headings and figures can also give
a quick overview. The goal is to determine if the paper is relevant before reading it
fully.

15. Why is selecting a base paper important?

A base paper provides a strong foundation for research by introducing key concepts
and methodologies. It helps researchers understand existing work and identify
areas that need further study. A well-chosen base paper saves time and effort by
summarizing important findings. It also ensures that new research is built on
reliable and well-established knowledge.
16. How do we find good research papers?
Good research papers can be found on platforms like Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore,
and Springer. Using the right keywords and searching in high-quality journals helps
find relevant papers. It is also useful to check citations and references to discover
more related studies. Reading papers from reputed conferences and journals
ensures credibility and accuracy.

17. Why is a literature survey necessary?

A literature survey helps researchers understand what is already known about a
topic. It prevents unnecessary duplication of research and identifies gaps that need
further study. By reviewing previous work, researchers can refine their research
questions and improve their study design. It also provides insights into different
perspectives, theories, and methods used in the field.

18. What are some platforms to find research papers?

Some popular platforms for finding research papers include IEEE Xplore, Google
Scholar, DBLP, and Springer. These platforms contain high-quality, peer-reviewed
research articles. Researchers can also find papers in conference proceedings and
academic journals. Using university libraries and online repositories can further
help access reliable research studies.

19. What is the role of citations in research?

Citations give credit to previous researchers whose work contributed to a study.
They provide evidence and background information to support research findings.
Proper citations help avoid plagiarism and show that the research is well-informed.
They also allow readers to explore additional sources and verify the reliability of the
study.

20. Why should we analyze research papers?

Analyzing research papers helps us evaluate their credibility, accuracy, and
relevance. It ensures that the findings are based on strong evidence and reliable
methods. Critical analysis helps identify any limitations, biases, or gaps in the study.
This allows researchers to use high-quality sources and improve their own research
work.