STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION 02511
CHLORINATION AND DECHLORINATION
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 DESCRIPTION
A. Section includes requirements for chlorination and dechlorination procedures for water
mains.
1.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Commission employees will collect bacteriological samples and Commission laboratories
will perform bacteriological testing.
1.3 SUBMITTALS
A. Submit For Information Only.
1. 2. Qualifications and experience of personnel under whose supervision chlorination or
dechlorination is to be performed when using pressurized liquid chlorine described in
AWWA B301 or other pressurized chemicals.
Method of Construction to include method of chlorination, type and quantity of
chemicals, source of water for disinfection, discharge locations of chlorinated water
or, if required, method of treating chlorinated water.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS: Follow Section 02510, AWWA standards, and specified herein.
A. Dechlorination Tablets: LPD-CHLOR™ Sodium Sulfite, Bio-Max Sodium Sulfite, or
VITA-D-CHLOR (ascorbic acid).
B. Bag: 16 inch (top opening) by 8 inch nylon.
C. Diffusers:
1. For flow rates up to 120 gpm: Use 4-inch circular strainer to hold bag with sodium
sulfite or ascorbic acid tablets, attach to fire hydrant or fire hose using adapter.
2. For flow rates from 31 to 1250 gpm: Use Pollard LPD-250 or LPD-250A Diffusing
Dechlorinator.
a. Low Flow Inserts: For flow rates from 31 to 200 gpm.
D. Rubber Bands: Heavy duty to fit around nylon bag.
02511-1 July 2011E. F. G. H. Fire Hose: Standard 2 1/2 inch.
Adapters: To connect 4-inch circular strainer to fire hydrant or fire hose.
End Wall Cap: Threaded for use with standard fire hose.
Protection Equipment: See LPD-CHLOR™ tablet Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).
I. Chlorine Field Test Kit (Hach Colorimeter).
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 WORK PERFORMED BY THE COMMISSION
A. Take bacteriological samples within 3 working days after receipt of written notification
from Contractor that chlorination is complete. Results of sample analysis will be
available within 3 calendar days after sampling.
3.2 CHLORINATION BY CONTRACTOR
A. Notify Engineer 3 working days before performing chlorination and dechlorination.
1. 2. Provide blow off with sample point at end of each branch and end of main line.
All valves including fire hydrant lead valves within chlorinated section to be left
open during chlorination.
B. Supply water for disinfection and filling mains from temporary jumper with approved
backflow preventer.
1. 2. When no source of water from existing main is available, provide potable water.
Pre-flush water source prior to chlorination until water has chlorine residual less than
2.5mg/l and pH is less than 9.2.
C. Use continuous feed method or tablet method for chlorination following AWWA C651
for disinfecting water mains, except section 4.4.2.1., and as required herein.
D. Approved Forms of Chlorine: Liquid chlorine, sodium hypochlorite solution, and calcium
hypochlorite granules or tablets following AWWA C651.
3.3 CHLORINATION METHODS
A. Continuous Feed Method.
1. Proportion mixture of chlorine solution and water so that minimum of 25 mg/l free
chlorine concentration is placed into main and appurtenances to be chlorinated. See
table below for guidelines regarding quantity of chlorine needed for initial feed.
02511-2 July 20112. 3. 4. Retain concentrated chlorinated water in main for 24 hour period.
At end of 24 hour period, treated water shall contain no less than 10 mg/l free
chlorine throughout main.
Flush out main at end of 24 hour period using jumper until water has chlorine
residual less than 2.5 mg/l total chlorine and pH less than 9.2.
CONTINUOUS FEED METHOD
Pipe
Diameter
(inches)
LENGTH OF PIPE TO BE CHLORINATED
100' 200' 300' 400' 500' 600' 700' 800' 900' 1K 2K 3K 4K 5K 6K 7K
1.5 0.025 0.01 0.016 0.02 0.03 0.033 0.038 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.16 0.22 0.28 0.33 0.38
2 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70
2.5 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.30 0.45 0.60 0.75 0.90 1.10
3 0.022 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.15 0.16 0.20 0.22 0.43 0.60 0.86 1.10 1.30 1.51
4 0.038 0.07 0.12 0.15 0.20 0.23 0.26 0.30 0.35 0.38 0.76 1.15 1.53 1.92 2.30 2.68
6 0.09 0.18 0.26 0.35 0.45 0.53 0.62 0.70 0.80 0.88 1.77 2.70 3.50 4.40 5.30 6.20
8 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.60 0.80 0.90 1.10 1.20 1.40 1.60 3.10 4.70 6.20 7.80 9.30 10.90
10 0.24 0.48 0.70 1.00 1.20 1.50 1.70 2.00 2.20 2.40 4.90 7.30 9.70 12.20 14.60 17.00
12 0.35 0.70 1.10 1.40 1.80 2.10 2.50 2.80 3.20 3.50 7.00 9.00 14.00 17.50 21.00 24.50
16 0.60 1.30 1.90 2.50 3.10 3.70 4.30 5.00 5.60 6.20
18 0.80 1.60 2.40 3.20 4.00 4.70 5.50 6.30 7.10 7.90
20 1.00 2.00 2.90 3.90 4.90 5.90 6.80 7.80 8.70 9.70
24 1.40 2.80 4.20 5.60 7.00 8.40 9.80 11.20 12.60 14.00
CHART LIST POUNDS OF HTH (70% CHLORINE) TO BE USED TO CHLORINATE GIVEN SIZE PIPE FOR DESIRED PIPE LENGTH.
5. Preliminary flushing of pipe required by AWWA C651 before chlorination is
optional if interior is broom swept or in clean condition, as determined by
Contractor.
B. Tablet Method.
1. 2. 3. 4. Do not use this method unless interior of pipe, fittings, and valves can be kept clean
and dry.
Average Chlorine Dose: Approximately 25 mg/l free chlorine.
Seal ends of pipelines that contain tablets or granules to prohibit entry.
Flush out main at end of 24 hour period using jumper until water has chlorine
residual less than 2.5 mg/l and pH is less than 9.2.
3.4 COMPLETION OF CHLORINATION
A. Notify Engineer in writing when chlorination is complete and ready to have
bacteriological samples taken.
02511-3 July 2011B. Should residual and bacteriological analyses not be satisfactory to Engineer, rechlorinate
main and notify Engineer in writing when rechlorination is complete and ready to have
bacteriological sample taken.
C. Place mains in service when analysis is complete and approved by Engineer.
3.5 DISCHARGING CHLORINATED WATER
A. Methods.
1. Discharge into existing sanitary sewer manholes.
a. Maintain minimum 1 foot vertical air gap between end of discharge pipe and
manhole frame.
b. c. Do not cause surcharge or disrupt sewer service.
Flow rate into the sanitary sewer may not exceed 0.25 mgd.
1) If flow rate is expected to exceed 0.25 mgd, disposal to sanitary sewer may be
possible through coordination with WSSC’s Wastewater Collection System
Group and/or the appropriate Production Team wastewater treatment plant.
2. If a sanitary sewer is not available, an on-site tank or detention pond may be used to
hold discharge water until chlorine naturally dissipates or can be treated with
dechlorination chemicals.
a. Maintain 12-inches of freeboard above water level in the on-site tank or detention
pond to prevent the on-site tank or detention pond from overflowing due to
rainfall.
b. Tank or detention pond may not be emptied to environment until chlorine residual
tested within 15 minutes of sample collection from at least 3 representative
locations in the tank or pond is non-detectable (<0.10 mg/l) as required by Part IV,
Section D of the General Discharge Permit.
3. When sanitary sewers and detention ponds are not available, dechlorinate chlorinated
water, or store chlorinated water before discharging as specified below.
B. Dechlorination or storage of chlorinated water before discharge.
1. 2. Chemically dechlorinate water or store water until chlorine residual is non-detectable.
The discharge must meet all Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE)
requirements as specified in General Discharge Permit number 06 HT, Part IV
Sections A and D.
a. Collect at least 3 grab samples evenly spaced over course of discharge.
b. Analyze samples for chlorine residual.
c. Chlorine residual: Non-detectable in all samples.
d. If water is chemically dechlorinated, dissolved oxygen (DO) must be measured as
well in each of the 3 samples.
e. DO: 5.0 mg/L or greater for discharges to I, I-P, and II waters and 6.0 mg/L or
greater for discharges to III, III-P, and IV-P waters.
C. Safety Procedures:
1. Commission health and safety programs.
02511-4 July 20112. May use subcontractor specializing in dechlorination of superchlorinated water.
a. List of such contractors is provided in Appendix F of the Pollution Prevention
Plan.
3.6 DISCHARGING POTABLE WATER (0 – 4 milligram per liter [mg/L] Chlorine)
A. Discharge potable water as specified in 3.5 A.
B. When sanitary sewers, tanks, or detention ponds are not available at project site,
dechlorinate potable water, store, or discharge specified herein.
1. Safety Procedures: LPD-CHLOR™ MSDS and the Commission health and safety
programs.
2. To treat flow rates up to 120 gpm: Use fabricated diffuser of 4-inch strainer and
adapter.
a. Place 8 tablets in 8 inch by 16 inch (top opening) nylon bag with 4 tablets pushed
to each side of bag.
b. c. d. Fold bag over tablets, twisting in center.
Secure with rubber bands and position firmly inside fabricated diffuser.
Estimated time to replenish tablets: 3 days for flows of 1 to 30 gpm and 15 hours
for flows of 31 to 120 gpm.
3. To treat flow rates from 31 – 1250 gpm: Use Pollard LPD-250 or LPD-250A Diffusing
Dechlorinator with low flow insert for flow rates from 31-200 gpm.
a. b. c. Minimum tablets: 10 for every discharge.
Carefully stack tablets in column chamber of LPD unit.
Estimated discharge duration for Pollard diffuser.
Number of
Tablets
Estimated Discharge Duration (in hours) that Can Be Treated by
the Pollard LPD-250
Low flow
(1 – 30 gpm)
Medium flow
(31 – 150
gpm)
1/2
11 1/2
12 10 13 10-1/2 1/2
20
High flow
(151 – 300
gpm)
10 8 4 9 4-1/2 5 1/2
5-1/2 6 1/2
6 1/2
6-1/2 1
71
7-1/2 1
81
81
Very High
flow
(301 – 1250
gpm)
14 15 16 Do not use
for flows <
30
gpm
11-1/2 12-1/2 13 17 14 18 15 19 16 16-1/2 02511-5 July 20114. Number of tablets used during a given discharge: Dependent on
various factors such
as flow rate and water temperature.
5. Before being released into the environment, test treated water to assure complete
dechlorinization has been achieved.
6. Discharging from fire hydrant:
a. Attach fabricated diffuser directly to either 2 1/2 inch side or 4 inch side of fire
hydrant using appropriate adapters or attach 2 1/2 inch hose to 2 1/2 inch side of
hydrant and to fabricated diffuser using appropriate adapter.
b. Pollard LPD-250A Diffusing Dechlorinator: Attach directly to 2 1/2 inch side of
hydrant or attach 2 1/2 inch hose to hydrant and diffuser.
c. Pollard LPD-250 Diffusing Dechlorinator:
1) Attach to 1 end of 2 1/2 inch hose and attach other end of hose to fire
hydrant.
2) Do not attach directly to hydrant.
d. Direct flow so discharge does not cause erosion or disrupt traffic.
7. Discharging from blowoff or pump:
a. Use standard fire hose and appropriate adapters and position diffuser so discharge
does not cause erosion, using filter geotextile or tarp when necessary.
b. When discharging from end wall-type blowoffs, replace the standard end wall cap
with a modified cap equipped with 2 1/2 inch or 4 inch threaded connection.
3.7 CONNECTION BETWEEN EXISTING AND NEW MAINS
A. Clean and spray or swab new pipe, fittings, and valves with minimum 1 percent solution
of chlorine just before installation.
PART 4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
4.1 Providing for and complying with requirements in this Section will not be measured for
payment, but cost will be considered incidental to Contract.
**WSSC**
02511-6 July 2011