TERM – I

2022-2023

NAME :

GRADE : III

SECTION :

SUBJECT : SOCIAL SCIENCE

UNIT :

TOPIC : LEARNING ABOUT DIRECTIONS

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

Cardinal Directions

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 1

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

You and your family travel to different places. You walk or ride a bus to

school, go shopping with your mom, take vacations to a special place, or

simply walk around the block. Each time you go somewhere, you travel or

move in a direction, which is the course or path you move. You might walk

down the street and then turn right or left, later turn around and return

home.

You are moving in different directions throughout the day. In the same way,

cars, airplanes, buses, trains, and other vehicles move in different directions

too. However, instead of turning to the right or left, or traveling up or down

the street, there are special words used to name the directions a vehicle or

person can travel. There are four main directions or points called cardinal

directions (sometimes cardinal points). The four points include north (N),

east (E), south (S), and west (W). The direction words are found on maps,

compasses, street signs, and in many other places. The cardinal directions

help people travel from place to place.

Each cardinal direction has a special location. The NORTH always points to

the north pole of the Earth, sometimes called “the top of the world”. The

SOUTH points to the “bottom” of the Earth or the south pole. The EAST

always points to the place where the sun rises in the morning, and The

WEST always points to the place the sun sets in the evening.

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 2

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

The compass rose, sometimes called a Wind rose or Rose of the Winds,

gets its name from its shape, which resembles the petals of a rose.

Cartographers (mapmakers) have been drawing them on maps since the

1300s (more than seven hundred years!). Pedro Reinel, a Portuguese

cartographer, is credited with drawing the first standard compass rose.

A compass rose, is a drawing showing different directions on a map, usually

found somewhere on the edge of a map. It shows the four cardinal

directions, which are north, south, east, and west. Our Compass Rose Wall

Display includes labels for the four cardinal directions: North, South, East,

West; and the four Intermediate directions: Northeast, Southeast,

Southwest, and Northwest.

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 3

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

When North is indicated at the top of the compass rose, South is at the

bottom, East is to the right, and West is to the left.

Intermediate directions

North, south, east, and west are the main directions known as cardinal

directions. The directions on the compass that are between these cardinal

points are called intermediate directions. They are also called ordinal and

intercardinal directions. For example the direction between North and

West is known as NorthWest. The intermediate directions, along with the

cardinal directions, are used regularly in a wide variety of circumstances.

They are featured on compasses and maps. Drivers, pilots and others use

them regularly to find and follow travel routes.

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 4

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

Equator, prime meridian and Hemispheres

The round world we live on spins in space. We say that Earth spins, or

rotates, around a straight line through its center. We call this imaginary line

Earth's axis, and we call the two ends of the axis poles—the North Pole and

the South Pole.

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 5

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

North is the direction toward the North Pole, and south is the direction

toward the South Pole. Thus, when a person is at the North Pole, the only

direction it is possible to go is south.

Earth's rotation gives us two more directions—east and west. East is simply

the direction toward which Earth is turning. West is the direction from

which it turns. Earth makes one complete turn, or rotation, every 24 hours.

The longest is the line halfway between the poles. It is called the equator

because it divides the world into two equal parts. By using the equator and

prime meridian, we can divide

the world into four parts called

the hemispheres meaning half

spheres, (north, south, east,

and west). The Northern

Hemisphere is north of the

equator. The Southern Hemisphere is south of the equator.

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 6

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

Still another imaginary line divides Earth into the Eastern and Western

hemispheres. This line is called the Prime Meridian.

This line runs from the North Pole to the South Pole.

Cartographers long ago created a system of imaginary gridlines for the

whole globe. The grid lines are called latitude and longitude. They are

measured in degrees.

Lines of latitude and longitude do not actually exist as lines drawn on Earth.

They are imaginary lines used to communicate the exact location of places on

Earth.

Lines of latitude measure the distance north or south of the Equator.

The lines of longitude show locations to the east or west of the prime

meridian.

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 7

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

Continents and oceans of the world

When you hear the word continent, what image pops into your head? North

America? South America? Africa? Most likely it is one of the seven large

land areas

The Earth consists of large landmasses and huge water bodies. The Large

landmasses are called as continents and huge water bodies are called as

oceans. There are 7 continents which include: North America, South

America, Europe, Africa, Antarctica, Asia and Australasia. There are

5 oceans which include: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean,

Indian Ocean and the Southern Ocean.

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 8

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

Fun Facts!

Australia is the smallest continent, while Asia is the largest continent.

Africa is the continent with the most countries.

Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean and Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean.

The deepest known point on Earth’s surface is located in the Pacific Ocean.

This point is known as Challenger Deep and is nearly 7 miles deep.

Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent on the planet

Most of the Earth is covered by water. When you look at Earth from space

it looks blue. Hence it is called as Blue planet.

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 9

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

Globes

Maps and globes are very important tools for

identifying places on the Earth’s surface.

Both are representations of the real Earth at

a manageable size. A globe is a true

representation in miniature. A map is a flat

representation of an area.

The word "globe" comes from the Latin word globus, meaning "sphere"

Globes serve similar purposes to maps, The best thing about the globe is

that it shows the true shape of the continents and oceans.

The disadvantage of the globe is you can only see half of it at a time. To see

the whole world at one time we use a World Map. A World Map is a flat

picture of the world.

A globe is a solid representation.

It cannot be carried easily. You cannot fold it.

However, since a globe is a sphere you can easily revolve it around and see

the places you want to see.

The people of Greece made first globe about three thousand years ago.

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 10

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

Maps

A map is a detailed representation of a particular part of the world or a

region of a particular country of the world. It is characterized by specific

descriptions of the land.

Examples of descriptions on maps include land routes such as rail routes and

road routes. Sometimes there would be representations of specific kingdoms

and empires on maps. A globe does not carry these representations.

A map is not a solid representation like a globe. It is, in fact, made of

paper and is easily portable too. You can carry a map by folding it and

keeping it in your school bag or your box.

A map is a two dimensional presentation of the entire world.

A book of maps is called an Atlas.

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 11

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

Map key or Legend

Maps are helpful tools that people use to travel and to learn about different

places. Most maps have symbols, or pictures, on them that show

important features. These features include capital cities, rivers, and roads.

Many maps use the same symbols. For example, a star may show where a

capital city is. However, maps do not always use the same symbols. This is

why maps always have keys or legends. A key or legend is a box that lists the

symbols that are used on a map. In other words A map key or legend is

included with a map to unlock it. It gives the information needed for the map

to make sense. It also explains what each symbol means. “Key” and “legend”

are two names for the same thing.

Map keys are often boxes in the corner of the map, and the information

they give you is essential to understanding the map.

Symbols in the key might be pictures or icons that represent different

things on the map. Sometimes the map might by colored or shaded, and the

key explains what the colors and shades mean. The picture below shows an

example of a map key for a typical road map.

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 12

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 13

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

Worksheet 1

Directions: Use the globe to answer the questions given below

1. How many hemispheres does Earth have?

_________________________________________________________

2. What is the hemisphere nearest to the South Pole?

_________________________________________________________

3. What line divides the Eastern and Western hemispheres?

_________________________________________________________
4. In which direction is the North Pole from the equator?

_________________________________________________________

5. What line divides the Northern and Southern hemispheres?

_________________________________________________________

6. What is Earth’s axis?

_________________________________________________________

7. Name one continent in the Northern Hemisphere.

_________________________________________________________

8. Name one continent in the Eastern Hemisphere.

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 14

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

Task: Fill in the blanks

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 15

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

Worksheet 2

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 16

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

Worksheet 3

Directions: Locate the oceans and the continents in the map given below:

Write the name of each continent in the correct blank. Make sure the
number on the map matches the number on the line.

1.___________________________ 5. _________________________

2. _________________________ 6. _________________________

3.__________________________ 7. _________________________

4. ___________________________

Write the name of each ocean in the correct blank. Make sure the
letter on the map matches the letter on the line.

A.__________________________ C. _________________________

B. _________________________ D. ________________________

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 17

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

Worksheet 4

Directions: Complete the worksheet given below

Plan a Trip: Choose a continent you would like to visit.

South, America, Australia, Europe, Asia, Antarctica, Africa

You are going to fly from Virginia to your destination.

1. What direction you will be traveling?

2. Which ocean(s) you will cross?

3. What hemispheres you will land in?

4. Which will you cross? Equator Prime Meridian Both Neither

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 18

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

Worksheet 5

Directions: Circle the correct answer. Refer the reading material to

complete the worksheet.

1. What is the imaginary line that divides the Northern and Southern

hemispheres?

A. Prime Meridian

B. Equator

2. What is the imaginary line that divides the Western and Eastern

Hemispheres?

A. Prime Meridian

B. Equator

3. Circle the continent that is a part of the Northern hemisphere?

A. Antarctica

B. North America

4. Circle the continent that is a part of the Southern Hemisphere?

A. Australia

B. Europe

5. Circle the continent that is a part of the Eastern Hemisphere?

A. Asia

B. South America

6. Circle the continent that is a part of the Western Hemisphere?

A. North America

B. Australia

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 19

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

Worksheet 6

Answer each question.

1. Which direction is the sunset?

_________________________________________________________

2. Which direction is the sunrise?

_________________________________________________________

3. Which direction points to the “top” of the Earth?

_________________________________________________________

4. Which direction points to the “bottom” of the Earth?

_________________________________________________________

5. What is used to display the cardinal directions?

_________________________________________________________

6. What is the course or path you move in called?

_________________________________________________________

7. What are the four abbreviations for the cardinal directions?

_________________________________________________________

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 20

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

8. True or False:

A person always moves south when they walk straight ahead.

_________________________________________________________

9. True or False:

The opposite of north is south.

_________________________________________________________

10. True or False: The opposite of east is west.

_________________________________________________________

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 21

Topic: Learning About Directions Date:

Worksheet 7

Grade – 3 [Social] W.B Manthan International School Page: 22