Cargo Management System

1. Abstract

The Cargo Management System (CMS) is designed to streamline the tracking, management,
and transportation of cargo, ensuring efficient and secure handling. Traditional cargo
management relies on manual processes and outdated systems, leading to inefficiencies,
delays, and increased costs.

The proposed CMS integrates automation, real-time tracking, and data analytics to enhance
operational efficiency. The system provides a centralized platform for managing cargo
shipments, tracking goods in transit, generating reports, and improving communication
among stakeholders.

By implementing cloud-based technologies, AI-powered analytics, the system reduces

manual errors, optimizes route planning, and enhances security measures. This document
outlines the limitations of existing cargo management approaches and highlights the
advantages of the proposed system, detailing its modular components and technical
requirements.

2. Existing System

Overview

The current cargo management system relies heavily on:

 Manual Documentation: Physical paperwork for shipping details, which increases

the risk of errors and misplacement.
 Lack of Real-Time Tracking: Most cargo tracking is done manually or through
periodic updates, leading to uncertainty in shipment status.
 Inefficient Communication: Limited coordination between shippers, transporters,
and customers due to outdated communication methods.
 High Operational Costs: Due to inefficient planning and lack of optimization in
route selection and cargo handling.
  Security Risks: Unauthorized access, theft, and damage to goods due to inadequate
monitoring.

3. Existing System Drawbacks

 Time-Consuming Processes: Manual data entry and documentation slow down

operations.
 Inaccurate Tracking: Delayed updates lead to uncertainty and potential losses.
 Higher Risk of Errors: Increased chances of misplaced or lost cargo due to improper
handling.
 Lack of Transparency: Stakeholders do not have real-time visibility into shipment
status.
 Limited Scalability: Traditional systems struggle to handle increasing volumes of
cargo efficiently.

4. Proposed System

The proposed Cargo Management System is an automated, technology-driven solution that

enhances cargo tracking, management, and security.

Key Features:

 Real-Time Tracking: RFID, GPS, and IoT sensors provide live updates on cargo
status and location.
 Automated Documentation: Digital record-keeping eliminates paperwork, reducing
errors and processing time.
 Optimized Route Planning: AI-powered analytics suggest the most efficient routes
for transportation.
 Enhanced Security Measures: Access control and monitoring systems prevent
unauthorized access and theft.
 Cloud-Based Platform: Centralized data storage and access for all stakeholders.
 Automated Alerts & Notifications: Instant updates on shipment delays, damages, or
security breaches.
  Data Analytics & Reporting: Performance insights to improve logistics efficiency
and decision-making.

5. Proposed System Advantages

 Increased Efficiency: Reduces manual intervention, saving time and effort.

 Improved Accuracy: Eliminates human errors in data entry and tracking.
 Enhanced Security: Prevents cargo loss and theft with real-time monitoring.
 Cost Savings: Optimized routes and resource allocation reduce operational expenses.
 Better Customer Experience: Provides transparency and timely updates for clients.
 Scalability: Easily expandable to accommodate growing cargo volumes.

6. Modules

1. User Management Module: Handles user roles, permissions, and authentication.

2. Cargo Registration Module: Logs cargo details, sender/receiver information, and
shipment type.
3. Tracking & Monitoring Module: Uses RFID and GPS to provide real-time cargo
updates.
4. Route Optimization Module: Suggests the most efficient routes based on real-time
data.
5. Security & Access Control Module: Ensures cargo safety through monitoring and
restricted access.
6. Alerts & Notifications Module: Sends real-time notifications about shipment status
and potential issues.
7. Reporting & Analytics Module: Generates detailed reports on cargo movement,
delays, and system performance.

7. Software and Hardware Requirements

Software Requirements:

 Programming Language: Python, JavaScript

 Database: MySQL, MongoDB
  Frameworks: Django, React.js
 Operating System: Windows/Linux

Hardware Requirements:

 Processor: Intel Core i5/i7 or equivalent

 RAM: Minimum 8GB (16GB recommended for large operations)
 Storage: Minimum 250GB SSD (500GB recommended)
 Network Infrastructure: High-speed internet for cloud communication

INTRODUCTION:

Cargo Manager is a comprehensive cargo management module, designed for addressing the
areas of General cargo, Bulk cargo operations. All the aspects of cargo like documentation handling,
movement, and storage are addressed in this module.

Key Features Include

 General Cargo Booking (Manifestation of cargo)

 Storing of Cargo (actual cargo weight, volume etc. are recorded)
 Generating the gate pass for bringing the cargo into the warehouse
 Marking the truck exit
 Delivery order for rejected or damaged cargo
 Generating gate pass for redelivery of cargo
 House keeping movements for maintenance i.e., moving the cargo from one place to another
 Extensive report and querying facilities
 Creation of master like cargo agents, commodity master.
UML Diagrams:
Actor:
A coherent set of roles that users of use cases play when interacting with the use `cases.

Use case:

A description of sequence of actions, including variants, that a system performs

that yields an observable result of value of an actor.

UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. UML is a language for specifying, visualizing
and documenting the system. This is the step while developing any product after analysis. The goal
from this is to produce a model of the entities involved in the project which later need to be built. The
representation of the entities that are to be used in the product being developed need to be designed.

There are various kinds of methods in software design:

They are as follows:

  Use case Diagram
 Sequence Diagram
 Collaboration Diagram
 Activity Diagram
 State chat Diagram

USECASE DIAGRAMS:

Use case diagrams model behavior within a system and helps the developers
understand of what the user require. The stick man represents what’s called an actor.

Use case diagram can be useful for getting an overall view of the
system and clarifying that can do and more importantly what they can’t do.

Use case diagram consists of use cases and actors and shows the
interaction between the use case and actors.

 The purpose is to show the interactions between the use case and actor.
 To represent the system requirements from user’s perspective.
 An actor could be the end-user of the system or an external system.
SECASE DIAGRAM:

SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:
COLLABORATION DIAGRAM:

A collaboration diagram is an introduction diagram that emphasizes the structural

organization of the objects that send and receive messages. Graphically a collaboration diagram is a
collection of vertices and arcs.
 CLA

SS DIAGRAM:

Class is nothing but a structure that contains both variables and methods. The Class
Diagram shows a set of classes, interfaces, and collaborations and their relating ships. There
is most common diagram in modeling the object oriented systems and are used to give the
static view of a system. It shows the dependency between the classes that can be used in our
system.
The interactions between the modules or classes of our projects are shown below. Each
block contains Class Name, Variables and Methods.

CLASS:
A description of set of objects that share the same attributes, operations, relationships,
and semantics
State Chart Diagram
DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS:

The DFD takes an input-process-output view of a system i.e. data objects flow into the
software, are transformed by processing elements, and resultant data objects flow out of the software.

Data objects represented by labeled arrows and transformation are represented by

circles also called as bubbles. DFD is presented in a hierarchical fashion i.e. the first data flow model
represents the system as a whole. Subsequent DFD refine the context diagram (level 0 DFD),
providing increasing details with each subsequent level.

The DFD enables the software engineer to develop models of the information domain
& functional domain at the same time. As the DFD is refined into greater levels of details, the analyst
perform an implicit functional decomposition of the system. At the same time, the DFD refinement
results in a corresponding refinement of the data as it moves through the process that embody the
applications.

A context-level DFD for the system the primary external entities produce information
for use by the system and consume information generated by the system. The labeled arrow represents
data objects or object hierarchy.
RULES FOR DFD:

 Fix the scope of the system by means of context diagrams.

 Organize the DFD so that the main sequence of the actions

 Reads left to right and top to bottom.

 Identify all inputs and outputs.

 Identify and label each process internal to the system with Rounded circles.

 A process is required for all the data transformation and Transfers. Therefore, never
connect a data store to a data Source or the destinations or another data store with just a
Data flow arrow.

 Do not indicate hardware and ignore control information.

 Make sure the names of the processes accurately convey everything the process is done.

 There must not be unnamed process.

 Indicate external sources and destinations of the data, with Squares.

 Number each occurrence of repeated external entities.

 Identify all data flows for each process step, except simple Record retrievals.

 Label data flow on each arrow.

  Use details flow on each arrow.

 Use the details flow arrow to indicate data movements.

DATAFLOW DIAGRAMS:

Database:

User
registrationn

Booking
cargo

Status

Customer id

user registration
 User
details
User registration

Register Update user Search for unregister view user

user details user details user details

Booking cargo

User
details
Booking cargo

Booking Update Search for View details View Status

cargo booking cargo

E-R Diagrams: Availabe

Quantitie
s
 The Entity-Relationship (ER) model was originally proposed by Peter in 1976
[Chen76] as a way to unify the network and relational database views. Simply stated the ER
model is a conceptual data model that views the real world as entities and relationships. A basic
component of the model is the Entity-Relationship diagram which is used to visually represents
data objects. Since Chen wrote his paper the model has been extended and today it is commonly
used for database design For the database designer, the utility of the ER model is:

 it maps well to the relational model. The constructs used in the ER model can easily be
transformed into relational tables.
 it is simple and easy to understand with a minimum of training. Therefore, the model can be
used by the database designer to communicate the design to the end user.
 In addition, the model can be used as a design plan by the database developer to implement a
data model in a specific database management software.

Connectivity and Cardinality

The basic types of connectivity for relations are: one-to-one, one-to-

many, and many-to-many. A one-to-one (1:1) relationship is when at most one instance of a
entity A is associated with one instance of entity B. For example, "employees in the company are
each assigned their own office. For each employee there exists a unique office and for each office
there exists a unique employee.

A one-to-many (1:N) relationships is when for one instance of entity A, there

are zero, one, or many instances of entity B, but for one instance of entity B, there is only one
instance of entity A. An example of a 1:N relationships is

a department has many employees

each employee is assigned to one department

A many-to-many (M:N) relationship, sometimes called non-specific, is when for one instance of
entity A, there are zero, one, or many instances of entity B and for one instance of entity B there
are zero, one, or many instances of entity A. The connectivity of a relationship describes the
mapping of associated

ER Notation

There is no standard for representing data objects in ER diagrams. Each modeling

methodology uses its own notation. The original notation used by Chen is widely used in
academics texts and journals but rarely seen in either CASE tools or publications by non-
academics. Today, there are a number of notations used, among the more common are
Bachman, crow's foot, and IDEFIX.

All notational styles represent entities as rectangular boxes and relationships as lines
connecting boxes. Each style uses a special set of symbols to represent the cardinality of a
connection. The notation used in this document is from Martin. The symbols used for the basic
ER constructs are:

 entities are represented by labeled rectangles. The label is the name of the entity. Entity

names should be singular nouns.

 relationships are represented by a solid line connecting two entities. The name of the

relationship is written above the line. Relationship names should be verbs

 attributes, when included, are listed inside the entity rectangle. Attributes which are

identifiers are underlined. Attribute names should be singular nouns.

 cardinality of many is represented by a line ending in a crow's foot. If the crow's foot is

omitted, the cardinality is one.

 existence is represented by placing a circle or a perpendicular bar on the line. Mandatory

existence is shown by the bar (looks like a 1) next to the entity for an instance is required.

Optional existence is shown by placing a circle next to the entity that is optional