Assignment 2: AcEPT UGM Mock Test #1

MII211004 – English KOMA

February 28, 2025

Team Members

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

6.
7.
8.
 Part II. Vocabulary

A. For questions 1 – 15, choose the word or phrase in A, B, C, or D which best completes each
blank space in the text.

Earth is the only place we know of in the universe that can support human life. (1) ... human Page | 4
activities are making the planet less fit to live on. As the western world (2) ... on consuming
two-thirds of the world's resources while half of the world's population do so (3) ... to stay
alive we are rapidly destroying the (4) ... resource we have by which all people can survive and
prosper. Everywhere fertile soil is (5) ... built on or washed into the sea.

1 A Although B Still C Yet D Despite

2 A continues B repeats C carries D follows
3 A already B just C for D entirely
4 A alone B individual C lone D lonely
5 A sooner B neither C either D rather

Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover completely We
discharge pollutants into the atmosphere without any thought of the consequences. As a (6) ... the
planet's ability to support people is being reduced at the very time when rising human numbers
and consumption are (7) ... increasingly heavy demands on it. The Earth's (8) ... resources are there
for us to use. We need food, water, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals to (9) ... us
fed, comfortable, healthy and active. If we are sensible in how we use the resources they will (10) ...
indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively they will soon run out and everyone will
suffer.

6 A development B result C reaction D product

7 A doing B having C taking D making
8 A natural B real C living D genuine
9 A hold B maintain C stay D keep
10 A last B stand C go D remain

The use of computers has meant students can study language programmes (11) ... their own speed
when and for how long they want - and no need to worry about the teacher having a favourite or
doing (12) ... another boring lesson. What's more, in the virtual classrooms of the future the
student will (13) ... on their headset, and be transported into an imaginary school, choose their
class, take the books they need off the shelf and (14) ... conversations with other computerised
students. They might (15) ... choose to pay a visit to the supermarket or the train station, the bank
or the restaurant.
11 A with B for C at D in
12 A still B for C yet D already
13 A place B put C set D get
14 A take B do C catch D hold
15 A although B preferably C instead D contrary
B. Choose the word or phrase in A, B, C, or D that best collocates (combines) with each of the
underlined words or phrases in the following sentences.

16. The road to happiness is the wise decisions we ……every day

A. do
B. take Page | 5
C. make
D. get

17. If you go on ________ me like this, I will never be able to finish writing my report.
A. disturbing
B. afflicting
C. concerning
D. affecting

18. Turn off this machine, please. The harsh sound really ________ me crazy.
A. takes
B. worries
C. drives
D. bothers

19. Everyone knew that ________ this task would require a considerable effort.
A. working
B. engaging
C. making
D. completing

20. Mr. Tanner did his best to fix the faulty oven, but his ________ at repairing electrical devices wasn’t
good enough to succeed.
A. service
B. skill
C. technique
D. craft

21. Judy didn’t ________ for a second to agree to Mike’s proposal as she had been in love with the boy
for a long time.
A. decide
B. linger
C. hesitate
D. await

22. Don’t get so nervous. Learn to take it ________.

A. easy
B. loose
C. nice
D. fine
23. The inconsiderate driver was ________ for parking his vehicle in the wrong place.
A. inflicted
B. condemned
C. harassed
D. fined
Page | 6
24. The idea to ________ a visit to the local council residence was welcomed by all visitors.
A. do
B. pay
C. go
D. walk

25. What you are saying is quite ________, so give us more details on the situation.
A. famous
B. obvious
C. accustomed
D. familiar

26. For a short while, I managed to catch the ________ of the President entering the palace.
A. vision
B. notice
C. view
D. sight

27. The first thing for all of you to remember is that _______ your duties may result in an instant
dismissal.
A. escaping
B. neglecting
C. resisting
D. missing

28. Several soldier of the squad were taken ________ by the enemy forces.
A. capture
B. hostage
C. kidnap
D. torture

29. I’m going for a walk in the park. Would you like to ________ me company?
A. follow
B. stay
C. ward
D. keep

30. The student was ________ of understanding the theory.

A. incompetent
B. incapable
C. helpless
D. unsuccessful
 Part III. Grammar and Structure

A. Sentence Completion
For questions 1 – 15, choose the word or phrase in A, B, C, or D which best completes each of
the following sentences. Page | 7

1. There is evidence that prehistoric humans used fire ______ 400,000 B. C.

A. so early
B. the earliest
C. as early as
D. so early that

2. In the late 1800's Ellen Richards, began work in the new field of "sanitary science" which was
concerned with waste removal, water purification and ______.
A. to ventilate adequately
B. adequate ventilation
C. adequate ventilation
D. ventilation adequately

3. ______ red clover, high in protein content, is an extremely important leguminous hay and
pasture plant of the eastern United States.
A. The
B. There us the
C. It is the
D. That the

4. The topology of Mars is more ______than that of any other planet.

A. like that of the Earth
B. the Earth's like that of
C. like the Earth of that
D. that of the Earth's like

5. Ostriches are ______of living birds, attaining a height from crown to foot of about 2.4 meters
and a weight of up to 136 kilograms.
A. large, strong
B. large and strong
C. larger and strong
D. the largest and strongest

6. The glaciers that reached the Pacific Coast were valley glaciers, and between those tongues of
ice ______that allowed the original forests to survive.
A. that many sanctuaries were
B. were many sanctuaries
C. were there many sanctuaries
D. there the many sanctuaries
7. ______ orbits the Sun, Uranus rotates on its axis, an imaginary line through its center.
A. For it C. As it
B. It D. There is

8. ______duties are placed on commodities according to their value.

A. Ordinarily, tariff Page | 8
B. Ordinary tariffs are
C. On ordinary tariff
D. Tariffs are ordinarily

9. _____ about individuals who really existed and things that actually happened.
A. Folktales which sometimes tell stories
B. The stories of folktales sometimes telling
C. Stories sometimes told are when folktales
D. Folktales sometimes tell stories

10. ______ matter in one form is transmuted to another form, a phase change is said to have
taken place.
A. Such
B. Then
C. Whenever
D. Seldom

11. Noise, in the technical sense, implies a random chaotic disturbance ______.
A. usually does not want
B. usually is unwanted
C. that one does not usually want it
D. that is usually unwanted

12. During the late 1850's the question of the best route for the overland mail to California was
______in the West.
A. interest of a serious topic
B. a serious interest of topic
C. a topic of serious interest
D. serious interest of a topic

13. In his book, Social Theory and Social Structure, sociologist Robert Merton explored ______in
ways that society considers abnormal.
A. those individuals whose behavior
B. why do individuals whose behavior
C. why individuals behave
D. the behavior of those individual who

14. ______wooden buildings helps to protect them from damage due to weather.
A. Painting
B. Painted
C. The paint
D. By painting
15. Carbohydrates are the most abundant and ______food sources of energy.
A. least cost
B. least costly
C. less cost
D. fewer costs
Page | 9

B. Cloze Test
For questions 16 – 25, choose the word or phrase in A, B, C, or D which best completes each
blank space in the text.

'You have hardened', said the flower, (16)....... her petals downward toward the half stone at
her roots. 'These rains (17)....... you, made you more fertile and receptive to the seeds of the
fields; but no. You (18)....... minerals and have become more silent and full of calcium. Why do
you stay here? Why do you resist the brook that (19)....... us water?' The stone said nothing. A
number of clouds passed by, the sun set and the night arrived with an immense bronze-
coloured (20)....... moon with acne scars upon her worn face and in this manner reflected
down upon the silent stone which still (21)....... . The flower, by now, had tucked-in her petals
and slept profoundly, and at this time the stone began to answer: ‘I stay here because your
roots (22)....... me yours. I stay here because it is no longer about my feeling the earth rather
because I (23)....... part of that which functions as a support of your stem which (24)....... the
wind and the rain. Everything changes, my sweet flower’, said the stone, ‘but I stay here
because love is that microscopic space between your feet and my (25)....... skin.

16 A having bent B was bending C bending D to bend

17 A should soften B have softened C had softened D should have softened
18 A accumulated B have accumulated C had accumulated Dhave been accumulated
19 A gives B is giving C give D is given
20 A freckling B freckled C freckles D freckle
21 A haven't fallen asleep B didn't fall asleep C hadn't fallen asleep D wasn't falling asleep
22 A make B have made C made D will make
23 A became B am becoming C had become D have become
24 A resists B resist C will resist D is resisting
25 A salt B salted C salty D salting
C. Error Identification
For questions 26 – 40, choose the word or phrase A, B, C, or D which is wrong.

26. Although the art of sand painting originated with neighboring Pueblo Indians, the Navajo
A B
Indians have refined and richly reinterpreted they symbology and execution. Page | 10
C D

27. In 1967, Canada's year centennial, one and a quarter million people from all over the world
A B C
visited Parliament Hill in Ottawa.
D

28. The General Sherman tree, a giant sequoia in California, has grown to be the world's largest
A B C
plant at approximate 272 feet tall.
D
29. Since the turn of the century, the number of Native Americans living in Canada is increased.
A B C D

30. Eleanor Roosevelt played a leading part in women's organizations, and she was active in
A
encouraging youth movements, in promoting consumer welfare, and to work for civil rights.
B C D

31. Nutrients are substances, neither occurring naturally or in synthetic form, that are necessary
A B C
for maintenance of the normal functioning of organisms.
D

32. Even in an age of experimentation and departures from convention, the sonata form remain
A B C
among the most vital means of musical expression.
D

33. Researchers have found many ways of treating paper so that it will be strong, fireproof, and
A B C
resistance to liquids and acids.
D

34. Because its body is supported by water, the blue whale can grow to a size considerable large
A B
than any land mammal alive today.
C D

35. Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's was concerned with the depicting the
A B C
experience of urban Black people in the United States.
D
36. During eclipses of the Sun, the Ojibwa Indians of North America shot flaming arrows inside
A B C
the sky to rekindle the light.
D
Page | 11
37. From 1892 to 1895, Alice Elvira Frecman was Dean of Women at the newly foundation
A B C D
University of Chicago.

38. Historical geology deals about data on the development of the Earth gathered from the study
A B
of rocks, which are analyzed to determine their age and composition.
C D

39. Human being have thirty-thirty or thirty-four vertebrae, but a snake may have as many as
A B C D
three hundred.

40. Parrots have heavily bodies and exceedingly strong legs.

A B C D
 Part IV. Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer to each question based on the information which is stated or implied in
the text.

Page | 12
Text 1

The first jazz musicians played in New Orleans during the early 1900's. After 1917, many
of the New Orleans musicians moved to the south side of Chicago, where they continued to
play their style of jazz. Soon Chicago was the new-center for jazz.
Several outstanding musicians emerged as leading jazz artists in Chicago. Daniel Lotus
"Satchmo" Armstrong, born in New Orleans in 1900, was one. Another leading musician was
Joseph king Oliver, who is also credited with having discovered Armstrong, when they were
both in New Orleans. While in Chicago. Oliver asked Armstrong, who was in New Orleans, to
join his band.
In 1923 King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band made the first important set of recordings by a
Hot Five and Hot Seven bands under Louis Armstrong also made recordings of special note.
Although Chicago' 5 South Side was the main jazz center, some musicians in New York
were also demanding attention in jazz circles. In 1923 Fletcher Henderson already had a ten-
piece band that played jazz. During the early 1930' 5, the number of players grew to sixteen.
Henderson' s band was considered a leader in what some people have called the Big Band
Era.
By the 1930' 5, big dance bands were the rage. Large numbers of people went to
ballrooms to dance to jazz music played by big bands.
One of the most popular and also a very famous jazz band was the Duke Eilington band.
Edward "Duke" Ellington was born in Washington, D.C., in 1899 and died in New York City in
1974. He studied the piano as a young boy and later began writing original musical
compositions.
The first of Ellington's European tours came in 1933. He soon received international
fame for his talent as a band leader, composer, and arranger. Ten years later, Ellington
began giving annual concerts at Carnegic Hall in New York City. People began to listen to jazz
in the same way, that they had always listened to classical music.

1. It can be inferred from the passage that Louis Armstrong went to Chicago for which of the
following reasons?
A. To form his own band
B. To learn to play Chicago-style jazz
C. To play in Joseph Oliver's band
D. To make recordings with the Hot Five

2. According to the passage, which of the following Black bands was the first to make a
significant set of jazz recordings?
A. The Hot Seven band
B. Fletcher Henderson's band
C. The Red Hot Peppers band
D. King Oliver's Creole jazz Band
3. As used in line 12, the word "note" could best be replaced by which of the following?
A. distinction
B. memorandum
C. mood
D. song Page | 13

4. The nickname "Duke" belonged to which of the following bandleaders?

A. Louis Armstrong
B. Joseph Oliver
C. Edward Ellington
D. Fletcher Henderson

5. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?

A. By the 1930's jazz was appreciated by a wide audience
B. Classical music had a great impact on jazz
C. jazz originated in New Orleans in the early nineteenth century
D. jazz band were better known in, Europe than in the United States

Text 2

The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio,
televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them.
When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in
the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent
refrigerators.
Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two
centuries ago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for millions of years.
Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting
secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.
All living cells sent out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats, it send out pulses of
recorded electricity; they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine
how well the heart is working. The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can
be recorded in an electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells
are extremely small-of-ten so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them.
But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators
that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cells are linked
together, the effects can be astonishing.
The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can send a jolt of as much as eight
hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it lives An electric house current is
only one hundred twenty volts. As many as four fifths of all the cells in the electric eel’s body
are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver
corresponds roughly to the length of its body.

6. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Electric eels are potentially dangerous
 B. Biology and electricity appear to be closely related
C. People would be at a loss without electricity
D. Scientists still have much to discover about electricity

7. The author mentions all of the following as results of a blackout EXCEPT

A. refrigerated food items may go bad Page | 14
B. traffic lights do not work
C. people must rely on candlelight
D. elevators and escalators do not function

8. Why does the author mention electric eels?

A. To warn the reader to stay away from them
B. To compare their voltage to that used in houses
C. To give an example of a living electrical generator
D. To describe a new source of electrical power

9. How many volts of electricity can an electric eel emit?

A. 1,000
B. 800
C. 200
D. 120

10. It can be inferred from the passage that the longer an eel is the
A. more beneficial it will be to science
B. more powerful will be its electrical charge
C. easier it will be to find
D. tougher it will be to eat

Text 3

No sooner had the first intrepid male aviators safely returned to Earth than it seemed
that women, too, had been smitten by an urge to fly. From mere spectators, they became
willing passengers and finally pilots in their own right, plotting their skills and daring line
against the hazards of the air and the skepticism of their male counterparts. In doing so they
enlarged the traditional bounds of a women's world, won for their sex a new sense of
competence and achievement, and contributed handsomely to the progress of aviation.
But recognition of their abilities did not come easily. "Men do not believe us capable."
the famed aviator Amelia Earhart once remarked to a friend. "Because we are women,
seldom are we trusted to do an efficient job." Indeed old attitudes died hard; when Charles
Lindbergh visited the Soviet Union in i938 with his wife, Anne-herself a pilot and gifted
proponent of aviation-he was astonished to discover both men and women flying in the
Soviet Air Force.
Such conventional wisdom made it difficult for women to raise money for the up-to-
date equipment they needed to compete on an equal basis with men. Yet they did compete,
and often they triumphed finally despite the odds.
 Ruth Law, whose 590-mile flight from Chicago to Hornell, New York, set a new nonstop
distance record in 1916, exemplified the resourcefulness and grit demanded of any woman
who wanted to fly. And when she addressed the Aero Club of America after completing her
historic journey, her plainspoken words testified to a universal human motivation that was
unaffected by gender: "My flight was done with no expectation of reward," she declared,
"just purely for the love of accomplishment." Page | 15

11. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. A Long Flight
B. Women in Aviation History
C. Dangers Faced by Pilots
D. Women Spectators

12. According to the passage, women pilots were successful in all of the following EXCEPT
A. challenging the conventional role of women
B. contributing to the science of aviation
C. winning universal recognition from men
D. building the confidence of women

13. What can be inferred from the passage about the United States Air Force in 1938?
A. It had no women pilots.
B. It gave gilots handsome salaries.
C. It had old planes that were in need of repair.
D. It could not be trusted to do an efficient job.

14. In their efforts to compete with men, early women pilots had difficulty in
A. addressing clubs
B. flying nonstop
C. setting records
D. raising money

15. According to the passage, who said that flying was done with no expectation of reward?
A. Amelia Earhart
B. Charles Lindbergh
C. Anne Lindbergh
D. Ruth Law

Text 4

Insects' lives are very short and they have many enemies, but they must survive long
enough to breed and perpetuate their kind. The less insect-like they look, the better their
chance of survival.
To look "inedible" by resembling or imitating plants is a deception widely practiced by
insects. Mammals rarely use this type of camouflage, but many fish and invertebrates do.
 The stick caterpillar is well named. It is hardly distinguishable from a brown or green
twig. This caterpillar is quite common and can be found almost anywhere in North America.
It is also called "measuring worm" or "inchworm." It walks by arching its body, than
stretching out and grasping the branch with its front feet then looping its body again to bring
the hind feet forward. When danger threatens, the stick caterpillar strectches its body away
from the branch at an angle and remains rigid and still, like a twig, until the danger has Page | 16
passed.
Walking sticks, or stick insects, do not have to assume a rigid, twig-like pose to find
protection; they look like inedible twigs in any position. There are many kinds of walking
sticks, ranging in size form the few inches of the North American variety to some tropical
species that may be over a foot long. When at rest their front legs are stretched out,
heightening their camouflage. Some of the tropical species are adorned with spines or
ridges, imitating the thorny bushes or trees in which they live.
Leaves also seem to be a favorite object for insects to imitate. Many butterflies can
suddenly disappear from view by folding their wings and sitting quietly among the foliage
that they resemble.

16. What is the main subject of the passage?

A. Caterpillars that live in trees
B. The feeding habits of insects
C. How some insects camouflage themselves
D. Insects that are threatened with extinction

17. In lines 1 and 4, the word "enemies" refers to

A. other creatures competing for space
B. extreme weather conditions
C. creatures that eat insects
D. inedible insects

18. According to the passage, how does the stick caterpillar make itself look like a twig?
A. By holding its body stiff and motionless
B. By looping itself around a stick
C. By changing the color of its skin
D. By laying its body flat against a branch

19. Which of the following is true of stick insects?

A. They resemble their 8urro~indings all the time.
B. They make themselves look like other insects.
C. They are camouflaged only when walking.
D. They change color to make themselves in visible.

20. Which of the following are NOT mentioned in the passage as objects that are imitated as a
means of protection?
A. Thorns
B. Flowers
C. Leaves
D. Sticks
Text 5

In the world of birds, bill design is a prime example of evolutionary fine-tuning.

Shorebirds such as oystercatchers use their bills to pry open the tightly sealed shells of their Page | 17
prey, hummingbirds have stiletto-like bills to probe the deepest nectar-bearing flowers, and
kiwis smell out earthworms thanks to nostrils located at the tip of their beaks. But few birds
are more intimately tied to their source of sustenance than are crossbills. Two species of
these finches, named for the way the upper and lower parts of their bills cross, rather than
meet in the middle, reside in the evergreen forests of North America and feed on the seeds
held within the cones of coniferous trees.
The efficiency of the bill is evident when a crossbill locates a cone. Using a lateral motion
of its lower mandible, the bird separates two overlapping scales on the cone and exposes
the seed. The crossed mandibles enable the bird to exert a powerful biting force at the bill
tips, which is critical for maneuvering them between the scales and spreading the scales
apart. Next, the crossbill snakes its long tongue into the gap and draws out the seed. Using
the combined action of the bill and tongue, the bird cracks open and discards the woody
seed covering action and swallows the nutritious inner kernel. This whole process takes but
a few seconds and is repeated hundreds of times a day.
The bills of different crossbill species and subspecies vary - some are stout and deep,
others more slander and shallow. As a rule, large-billed crossbills are better at securing
seeds from large cones, while small-billed crossbills are more deft at removing the seeds
from small, thin-scaled cones. Moreover, the degree to which cones are naturally slightly
open or tightly closed helps determine which bill design is the best.
One anomaly is the subspecies of red crossbill known as the Newfoundland crossbill.
This bird has a large, robust bill, yet most of Newfoundland's conifers have small cones, the
same kind of cones that the slender-billed white-wings rely on.

21. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The importance of conifers in evergreen forests
B. The efficiency of the bill of the crossbill
C. The variety of food available in a forest
D. The different techniques birds use to obtain food

22. Which of the following statements best represents the type of "evolutionary fine - turning"
mentioned in line1?
A. Different shapes of bills have evolved depending on the available food supply
B. White - wing crossbills have evolved from red crossbills
C. Newfoundland's conifers have evolved small cones
D. Several subspecies of crossbills have evolved from two species

23. Why does the author mention oystercatchers, hummingbirds, and kiwis in lines 2-4?
A. They are examples of birds that live in the forest
B. Their beaks are similar to the beak of the crossbill
C. They illustrate the relationship between bill design and food supply
D. They are closely related to the crossbill
24. Crossbills are a type of
A. shorebird
B. hummingbird
C. kiwi
D. finch Page | 18

25. The word "which" in line 12 refers to

A. seed
B. bird
C. force
D. bill

26. The word "gap" in line 13 is closest in meaning to

A. opening
B. flower
C. mouth
D. tree

27. The word "others" in line 18 refers to

A. bills
B. species
C. seeds
D. cones

28. The word "robust" in line 24 is closest in meaning to

A. strong
B. colorful
C. unusual
D. sharp

29. In what way is the Newfoundland crossbill an anomaly?

A. It is larger than the other crossbill species
B. It uses a different technique to obtain food
C. The size of its bill does not fit the size of its food source
D. It does not live in evergreen forests.

30. Where in the passage does the author describe how a crossbill removes a seed from its
cone?
A. The first paragraph
B. The second paragraph
C. The third paragraph
D. The forth paragraph
Text 6

Galaxies are the major building blocks of the universe. A galaxy is giant family of many
millions of stars, and it is held together by its own gravitational field. Most of the material
universe is organized into galaxies of stars together with gas and dust.
There are three main types of galaxy: spiral, elliptical, and irregular. The Milky Way is a Page | 19
spiral galaxy, a flattish disc of stars with two spiral arms emerging from its central nucleus.
About one-quarter of all galaxies have this shape. Spiral galaxies are well supplied with the
interstellar gas in which new stars form: as the rotating spiral pattern sweeps around the
galaxy it compresses gas and dust, triggering the formation of bright young stars and in its
arms. The elliptical galaxies have a symmetrical elliptical or spheroidal shape with no obvious
structure. Most of their member stars are very old and since ellipticals are devoid of
interstellar gas, no new stars are forming in them. The biggest and brightest galaxies in the
universe are ellipticals with masses of about 1013 times that of the Sun, these giants may
frequently be sources of strong radio emission, in which case they are called radio galaxies.
About two-thirds of all galaxies are elliptical. Irregular galaxies comprise about one-tenth of
all galaxies and they come in many subclasses.
Measurement in space is quite different from measurement on Earth. Some terrestrial
distances can be expressed as intervals of time, the time to fly from one continent to
another or the time it takes to drive to work, for example. By comparison with these familiar
yardsticks, the distances to the galaxies are incomprehensibly large, but they too are made
more manageable by using a time calibration, in this case the distance that light travels in
one year. On such a scale the nearest giant spiral galaxy, the Andromeda galaxy, is two
million light years away. The most distant luminous objects seen by telescopes are probably
ten thousand million light years away. Their light was already halfway here before the Earth
even formed. The light from the nearby Virgo galaxy set out when reptiles still dominated
the animal world.

31. What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?

A. The Milky Way
B. Major categories of galaxies
C. How elliptical galaxies are formed
D. Differences between irregular and spiral galaxies

32. According to the passage, new stars are formed in spiral galaxies due to
A. an explosion of gas
B. the compression of gas and dust
C. the combining of old stars
D. strong radio emissions

33. The word "symmetrical" in line 9 is closest in meaning to

A. proportionally balanced
B. commonly seen
C. typically large
D. steadily growing
34. The word "obvious" in line 10 is closest in meaning to
A. discovered
B. apparent
C. understood
D. simplistic
Page | 20
35. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of elliptical galaxies?
A. They are the largest galaxies.
B. They mostly contain old stars.
C. They contain a high amount of interstellar gas.
D. They have a spherical shape.

36. Which of the following characteristics of radio galaxies is mentioned in the passage?
A. They are a type of elliptical galaxy.
B. They are usually too small to be seen with a telescope.
C. They are closely related to irregular galaxies.
D. They are not as bright as spiral galaxies.

37. What percentage of galaxies are irregular?

A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%

38. The word "they" in line 21 refers to

A. intervals
B. yardsticks
C. distances
D. galaxies

39. Why does the author mention the Virgo galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy in the third
paragraph?
A. To describe the effect that distance has no visibility.
B. To compare the ages of two relatively young galaxies.
C. To emphasize the vast distances of the galaxies from Earth.
D. To explain why certain galaxies cannot be seen by a telescope.

40. The word "dominated" in line 26 is closest in meaning to

A. threatened
B. replaced
C. were developing in
D. were prevalent in
 Part V Composing Skills

In this section of the test, you are required to demonstrate your ability to paraphrase sentences
and to recognize language that is not appropriate for standard written English. There are five
parts to this section, with special direction for each part.
Page | 21
A. Numbers 1 – 10 contain complete and correct sentences. For each number, you are required
to choose the most appropriate paraphrased sentence closest in meaning to the original one.

1. They were so surprised by the news that he didn’t know what to do.
A. Surprisingly, they didn’t know what to do.
B. The news was surprised them what to do.
C. The news that he didn’t know what to do surprised them.
D. It was such a surprising news that they didn’t know what to do.

2. He started computer programming as soon as he left school.

A. No sooner had he left school than he started computer programming.
B. After he left school, he had started computer programming.
C. No sooner had he started computer programming than he left school.
D. Hardly had he started computer programming when he left school.

3. I was very impressed by her excellent performance.

A. What greatly impressed me was not her excellent performance.
B. I didn't find her performance very impressive.
C. Her excellent performance made a great impression on me.
D. I was very happy to see her performance.

4. I won’t sell the painting, no matter how much you offer me.
A. Whenever you offer me to buy the painting, I won’t sell it.
B. Whatever price you offer me, I won’t sell the painting.
C. If you pay me more money I will sell the painting.
D. In spite of your offering me how much money, but I won’t sell the painting.

5. There is no point in asking Tom for help.

A. It’s unable to ask Tom for help.
B. It’s useless to ask Tom for help.
C. Asking help for Tom is unnecessary.
D. Tom will help if you ask him to.

6. Despite feeling cold we kept walking.

A. Because we felt cold we kept walking.
B. Cold as we felt, we kept walking.
C. It's so cold that we kept walking.
D. We kept walking so that we wouldn't feel cold.

7. It was not only cold but it also snowed a few days ago. Page | 22
A. Was it not only cold but it also snowed a few days ago.
B. It was not only cold but did it also snow a few days ago.
C. Not only it was cold but did it also snow a few days ago.
D. Not only was it cold but it also snowed a few days ago.

8. I would rather you wore something more formal to work.

A. I’d prefer you wearing something formal to work.
B. I’d prefer you to wear your skirt to work.
C. I’d prefer you to wear something more formal to work.
D. I’d prefer you wear something more informal to work.

9. The meeting was put off because of the strike.

A. They postponed the meeting because there was a strike.
B. The meeting was planned to start late because of the strike.
C. The meeting started earlier because there was a strike.
D. The meeting lasted much longer than usual because there was a strike.

10. We bought two bicycles. Neither of them worked well.

A. Not all of my bicycles we bought worked well.
B. Two bicycles we bought which worked well.
C. We bought two bicycles neither of what worked well.
D. We bought two bicycles, neither of which worked well.
B. Numbers 11 – 20 contain incorrect sentences. The incorrect part of the sentence has been
identified for you. You are required to find the correct option to replace the underlined part.

11. The boys spent the entire night lost in the forest, therefore they were not only cold and tired
but too they were hungry. Page | 23
A. they were not only cold and tired but too they were hungry
B. they had not only cold and tired but also much hunger
C. they were not only cold and tired but also hungry
D. because they had been cold and tired, they also had hungry

12. Due to the fact that there are many sensitive equipments and dangerous chemicals in the lab,
undergraduates are not permitted there without supervision.
A. Due to the fact that there are many sensitive equipments and dangerous chemicals
B. Because there is much sensitive equipment and many dangerous chemicals
C. Since there is sensitive equipment and much dangerous chemicals
D. Existing much sensitive equipment and many dangerous chemicals there

13. The Australians, who had admittedly dominated worldwide International Surfing Association
competition since 1996, recognize surfing as a part of their national identity.
A. who had admittedly dominated
B. which have overwhelmingly been dominated
C. having been dominating overwhelmingly
D. who have easily dominated

14. Eight centuries ago, Marco Polo anointed Hangzhou, China "the most splendid city in the
world”, and today it's one of China's best-preserved destinations, with thanks be to the careful
tending of its pagodas and pavilions, mountain-fringed West Lake, and terraced plantations
growing the region's famous green tea.
A. with thanks be to the careful tending of its
B. due to its painstaking care of those
C. having great care being given to it’s
D. thanks to the careful stewardship of its

15. The hit country music song “Unanswered Prayers” by Garth Brooks tells the story of a happily
married man who has a run-in with his high school sweetheart at a football game in their
hometown.
A. tells the story of a happily married man who has a run-in with
B. is a story telling about a happily married man which runs into
C. was told of a story that a happily married man had a encounter with
D. artistically tells the story of a happily married man who was run into by

16. When you send for the travel brochure on Exotic Caribbean Getaways, you should included a
self-addressed, stamped envelope for a faster response.
A. you should included a self-addressed, stamped envelope
B. it is recommended that you would be including a self-addressed, stamped envelope
C. a self-addressed, stamped envelope is that which you should be including
D. you might should have included a self-addressed, stamped envelope

17. Every boy and girl are required to have certain immunizations before enrolling in public school.
A. are required to have Page | 24
B. need to be having
C. should be considering to have
D. is required to get

18. Although often portrayed as modern day Robin Hoods who robbed from the rich and gave to
the poor, Frank and Jesse James were actually mere outlaws who robbed banks, stagecoaches
and trains.
A. Although often portrayed as modern day Robin Hoods who robbed from the rich and gave to the
poor
B. Being modern day heroes like Robin Hood which robbed from the rich and gave to the poor
C. Having a resemblance to Robin Hood they would rob from rich folks and give to poor folks
D. Robbers of the rich and givers to the poor somewhat like Robin Hood is they were portrayed

19. Because the United States is such a large country, it means that they’re various kinds of people
living there and it has a diverse population.
A. it means that they’re various kinds of people living there and it has a diverse population
B. it has quite a diverse population and various cultures of people live there
C. lots of kinds of people live there where the population is so diverse
D. much people from many different cultures and backgrounds live there

20. Established as a national park on July 1, 1941, Mammoth Cave National Park, located in central
Kentucky, is the most long cave system known in the world.
A. is the most long cave system known in the world
B. is considering being a much longer cave system known in the world
C. is considered to be the longest cave system known in the world
D. is a cave system in the world considered to be much longer

C. Numbers 21 – 30, Choose the most appropriate and correct sentence.

21. A. He arrived at the crack of dawn.
B. He arrived as the sun shown.
C. He arrived at very early.
D. He arrived with each one.

22. A. Only four percentage of the prisoners are women.

B. Only four percent of the prisoners are women.
C. Only women are the four percent prisoners.
D. Only the prisoners are four percent women.

23. A. I bought two soaps yesterday.

B. I bought two bars of soap yesterday.
C. I have bought two soaps yesterday.
D. I had bought two bars of soap yesterday.

24. A. I don't understand what is the person talking to.

B. I don't understand what the person is talking to. Page | 25
C. I don't understand what is the person talking about.
D. I don't understand what the person is talking about.

25. A. She is not and does not intend to run for political office.
B. She is not running and does not intend to run for political office.
C. She has not and does not intend to run for political office.
D. She is not run and does not intend to run for political office.

26. A. I saw an axe man to saw a tree with an axe.

B. I saw a saw to go saw tree with an axe.
C. I saw a saw to saw a tree with an axe.
D. I saw a saw seeing a tree with an axe.

27. A. I am late, shan't I?

B. Don't forget, could you?
C. There are some chairs upstairs, are there?
D. Let's have a party, shall we?

28. A. A new cabinet has been sworn in in Dhaka.

B. A new cabinet has been sworn in Dhaka.
C. A new cabinet has sworn in Dhaka.
D. A new cabinet has been sworn by in Dhaka.

29. A. I still adhere to my plan.

B. The meeting was adjourned for a week.
C. He is alarmed for any safety.
D. He has been alienated to his friend.

30. A. We stayed for a short period of time in the hotel.

B. We stayed for a short period in the hotel.
C. We stayed during a short period in the hotel.
D. We were stayed for a short period in the hotel.
D. Numbers 31 – 36 contain jumbled sentences. One of the sentences has been underlined. You
are required to choose the next sentence which logically follows the underlined one.

31. (1). They assume that the stock market automatically penalizes any corporation that invests its
resources poorly.
(2). They assume that they're using their shareholders' resources efficiently if the company's Page | 26
performance, especially ROE and earnings per share-is good and if the shareholders don't rebel.
(3). The top executives of the large, mature, publicly held companies hold the conventional view
when they stop to think of the equity owners' welfare.
(4). So companies investing well grow, enriching themselves and shareholders alike, and ensure
competitiveness; companies investing poorly shrink, resulting, perhaps, in the replacement
of management.
(5). In short, stock market performance and the company's financial performance are
inexorably linked.

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

32. (1). Over the years, I have had the opportunities to observe and understand the thought
process behind the ads that have been flooding both the print and the TV.
(2). Proportionally, the numbers of ads that lack in quality have gone up exponentially as well.
(3). There is an increasing attempt by most companies to be seen as cool and funky.
(4). Another reason could be the burgeoning number of companies, which means an
exponential increase in the number of ads that are being made.
(5). Although there is a huge shift in the quality of ads that we come across on daily basis -
thanks essentially to improvement in technology - I somehow can't help but feel that the
quality of communication of the message has become diluted.

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

33. (1). It is wrong, however, to exaggerate the similarity between language and other cognitive
skills, because language stands apart in several ways.
(2). For one thing, the use of language is universal - all normally developing children learn to
speak at least one language, and many learn more than one.
(3). But just the opposite is true - language is one of the most complex of all human cognitive
abilities.
 (4). Because everyone is capable of learning to speak and understand language, it may seem
to be simple.
(5). By contrast, not everyone becomes proficient at complex mathematical reasoning, few
people learn to paint well, and many people cannot carry a tune.

A. 2 Page | 27
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

34. (1). Yet whenever he was hungry he got up and propelled himself straight to the kitchen to get
something to eat
(2). Every day he was asked where the kitchen was in his house, and every day he didn't have
the foggiest idea.
(3). In 1992 a retired engineer in San Diego contracted a rare brain disease that wiped out his
memory.
(4). Studies of this man led scientists to a breakthrough: the part of our brains where habits
are stored has nothing to do with memory or reason.
(5). It offered proof of what the US psychologist William James noticed more than a century
ago - that humans "are mere walking bundles of habits".

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

35. (1). A simple way to disprove this Innateness Hypothesis, as linguists call it, is to demonstrate
that other species have the capacity to speak but for some reason simply have not
developed speech.
(2). A logical candidate for such a species is the chimpanzee, which shares 98.4% of the human
genetic code.
(3). Chimpanzees cannot speak because, unlike humans, their vocal cords are located higher in
their throats and cannot be controlled as well as human vocal cords.
(4). Perhaps they can acquire grammtear and speak if they could only use grammar some way
other than with a voice.
(5). It does not follow from their lack of speech, however, that chimpanzees are incapable of
language, that is, a human-like grammar.

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
36. A. Volkswagen shares trade at about nine times the 2002 estimated earnings, compared to
BMW's 19 and are the second cheapest in the sector.
B. A disastrous capital hike, an expensive foray into truck business and uncertainty about the
reason for a share buyback has in recent years left investors bewildered. Page | 28
C. The main problem with Volkswagen is the past.
D. Despite posting healthy profits, Volkswagen shares trade at a discount to peers due to
bad reputation among investors.
E. Many investors have been disappointed and frightened away.

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

E. Numbers 37 – 40 contain jumbled sentences. You are required to identify the correct order to
form a good paragraph.
37) (1). Private schools are managed by a non-government organisation, such as a church, a trade
union or a private institution.
(2). Government-dependent private schools are managed independently but receive more than
50% of their core funding from government agencies.
(3). But less than 50% of their core funding comes from government agencies.
(4). Private schools can be either government-dependent or independent of the government.
(5). Private schools that are independent of the government are similarly managed.

A. 1-3-5-4-2
B. 1-4-5-2-3
C. 5-3-4-1-2
D. 5-1-3-4-2

38) (1). Its business decisions are made on the timely and accurate flow of information.
(2). It has 1700 employees in 13 branches and representative offices across the Asia-Pacific
region.
(3). For employees to maintain a competitive edge in a fast-moving field, they must have quick
access to JP Morgan’s proprietary trade related data.
(4). JP Morgan’s is one of the largest banking institutions in the US.
(5). JP Morgan’s is also a premiere international trading firm.

A. 5-3-5-2-1
B. 5-4-1-3-2
C. 4-3-5-1-2
D. 4-1-5-3-2
39) (1). Over the years, I have had the opportunities to observe and understand the thought
processes behind the ads that have been flooding both the print and the TV media.
(2). Although there is a huge shift in the quality of ads that we come across on a daily basis–
thanks essentially to improvement in technology–I somehow can’t help but feel that the
quality of communication of the message has become diluted. Page | 29
(3). Proportionally, the number of ads that lack in quality, have gone up exponentially as well!!
(4). There is an increasing attempt by most companies to be seen as cool and funky.
(5). Another reason could be the burgeoning number of companies, which means an
exponential increase in the number of ads that are being made.

A. 3-2-5-4-1
B. 3-4-5-1-2
C. 5-3-4-1-2
D. 5-1-4-3-2

40) A. For days before it starts on a journey, a camel does nothing but eat and drink.
B. So the camel’s hump is a storage place for fat, which the camel’s body will use up during the
journey.
C. Where other animals would die for lack of food and water, the camel gets along nicely
because it carries its food and water with it.
D. The camel is called ‘the ship of the desert’ and there is a good reason for it.
E. It eats so much that a hump of fat may be weighing as much as 100 pounds, rises on its back.

A. 2-3-5-4-1
B. 2-4-5-1-3
C. 5-3-4-1-2
D. 5-1-3-4-2