Scribd
Upload
6 views18 pages

UNIT-1 Access Specifier

Access modifiers in C++ control the accessibility of class members, with three types: Public, Private, and Protected. Public members are accessible from anywhere, Private members can only be accessed within the class, and Protected members are accessible in subclasses. Encapsulation is emphasized as a good practice to protect sensitive data by declaring attributes as private and using public methods for access.

Uploaded by

yogeshptl7694
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views18 pages

UNIT-1 Access Specifier

Access modifiers in C++ control the accessibility of class members, with three types: Public, Private, and Protected. Public members are accessible from anywhere, Private members can only be accessed within the class, and Protected members are accessible in subclasses. Encapsulation is emphasized as a good practice to protect sensitive data by declaring attributes as private and using public methods for access.

Uploaded by

yogeshptl7694
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

• Access Modifiers or Access Specifiers in a class are

used to set the accessibility of the class members.


That is, it sets some restrictions on the class
members not to get directly accessed by the outside
functions.
• There are 3 types of access modifiers available in
C++:
• Public
• Private
• Protected
• Note: If we do not specify any access modifiers for
the members inside the class then by default the
access modifier for the members will be Private.
Public
All the class members declared under public
will be available to everyone. The data
members and member functions declared
public can be accessed by other classes too.
The public members of a class can be accessed
from anywhere in the program using the direct
member access operator (.) with the object of
that class.
Private
• The class members declared as private can be
accessed only by the functions inside the
class. They are not allowed to be accessed
directly by any object or function outside the
class. Only the member functions or the friend
functions are allowed to access the private
data members of a class.
• It is possible to access private members of a class
using a public method inside the same class.
(Encapsulation)
• Tip: It is considered good practice to declare your
class attributes as private (as often as you can). This
will reduce the possibility of yourself (or others) to
mess up the code. This is also the main ingredient of
the Encapsulation concept,
• Note: By default, all members of a class are private if
you don't specify an access specifier:
• Example
• class MyClass {
int x; // Private attribute
int y; // Private attribute
};
• Example explained
• The salary attribute is private, which have restricted
access.
• The public setSalary() method takes a parameter (s)
and assigns it to the salary attribute (salary = s).
• The public getSalary() method returns the value of
the private salary attribute.
• Inside main(), we create an object of
the Employee class. Now we can use
the setSalary() method to set the value of the
private attribute to 50000. Then we call
the getSalary() method on the object to return the
value.
• The meaning of Encapsulation, is to make sure that
"sensitive" data is hidden from users. To achieve this, you
must declare class variables/attributes as private (cannot be
accessed from outside the class). If you want others to read
or modify the value of a private member, you can provide
public get and set methods.
•
Access Private Members
• To access a private attribute, use public "get" and
"set" methods:
Why Encapsulation?
• It is considered good practice to declare your
class attributes as private (as often as you can).
Encapsulation ensures better control of your data,
because you (or others) can change one part of
the code without affecting other parts
• Increased security of data
Protected
• Protected access modifier is similar to that of
private access modifiers, the difference is that
the class member declared as Protected are
inaccessible outside the class but they can be
accessed by any subclass(derived class) of that
class.

You might also like