Internal Tables

Contributed By
Uzma Sheikh
Under the Guidance of TagSkills.

In SAP ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming), internal tables

are data structures used to store and manipulate data within an ABAP program.
These tables are similar to arrays or lists in other programming languages and
are essential for working with data retrieved from a database, performing
calculations, and other data processing tasks. Internal tables can be used to store
structured and tabular data, making them a fundamental part of ABAP
development.
Internal tables provide a means of taking data from a fixed structure and storing
it in working memory in ABAP. The data is stored line by line in memory, and
each line has the same structure. In ABAP, internal tables full fill the function
of arrays. Since they are dynamic data objects, they save the programmer the
task of dynamic memory management in his or her programs. You should use
internal tables whenever you want to process a dataset with a fixed structure
within a program. A particularly important use for internal tables is for storing
and formatting data from a database table within a program. They are also a
good way of including very complicated data structures in an ABAP program.
Here‟s is the key points of internal table:
 Internal table is the collection of records.
 Internal table are dynamic memory location.
 The scope of the internal table is up to that program.
 Internal tables are temporary tables,that means the data in internal table
won‟t save any where in sap.
 Placing the data to the internal table as well as getting the data from
internal table is always record by record.

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 DATABASE

Internal table

WorkArea

Types Of Internal Table

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1.Standard Internal Table.
2.Sorted Internal Table.
3.Hashed Internal Table.
1. Standard Internal Table ::
 These are default Internal table.
 It is an index table.
 Either linear search or binary search used to search for a record.
 Table has non-unique key.
 Data is not sorted by default and can use sort operation to sort the
data.
2. Sorted Internal Table ::
 These are special tye of internal table. Where data is
automatically sorted when the record is inserted.
 It is an index table.
 Table has unique key.
 Binary search used to search for a record.
 Data already sorted.
3. Hashed Internal table:
 These are used with logical databases.
 It is not an index table.
 Table key is unique and no duplicate enteries allowed.
 Hashed algorithm used to search for a record.
 Data already sorted.

What is WorkArea?
 Work area are single rows of data, they should have the same
format as any of internal tables.
 It is used to process the data in an internal table one line at a time.

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Types of Internal Tables

There are two types of internal tables.

1. Internal tables with HEADER line

2. Internal tables without HEADER line.

Internal Tables with Header Line:

 Here the system automatically creates the work area.
 The work area has the same data type as internal table.
 This work area is called the HEADER line.
 It is here that all the changes or any of the action on the contents of the
table are done. As a result of this, records can be directly inserted into the
table or accessed from the internal table directly.

Internal Tables without Header Line :

 Here there is no work area associated with the table.
 Work area is to be explicitly specified when we need to access such
tables.
 Hence these tables cannot be accessed directly.

Creating Internal Tables

There are many ways to create an Internal Table. Lets, look at them one by one-

1.By Using the Type Statement

Let us now create a Internal table itab using the TYPE statement.

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The syntax is –
Types : begin of line,

column1 type I,

column2 type I,

end of line.

Example:
TYPES : begin of line,

empno type I,

empname(20) type c ,

end of line.

The TYPES statement creates a structure line as defined.

To actually create an Internal Table itab use the following command-

Data itab type line occurs 10.

An internal table itab is created with the structure of line.Besides declaring the structure of an
internal table, the OCCURS clause also defines how many table entries are maintained in
main storage. Extra records are written out to paging area and can effect performance

2.By referring to another Table

You can create an internal table by referring to an existing table. The existing table could be a
standard SAP table, a Z table or another internal table.

Syntax-
Data <f> <type> [with header line].
Example-
DATA itab TYPE line OCCURS 10 with header line.

Here an internal table itab is created of the type line with a header line. Please note “with
header line” is optional.

3.By referring to existing Structure

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Syntax-
Data <f> LIKE <struct> occurs n [with header line].
Example-
DATA itab LIKE sline OCCURS 10.

Here a table itab is created having a structure same as that of sline

4.By creating a new Structure

Let us now create an internal table with a structure of our own. Here the table is created with
an Header line, by default.

Syntax –
Data : Begin of <f> occurs <n>,

<component declaration>,

.................................,

End of <f>.

Example –
Data : Begin of itab occurs 10,

column1 type I,

column2(4) type C,

column3 like mara-ernam,

End of itab.

Internal table itab is created

Populating Internal Tables

Now that we have successfully created some internal tables, let us see how do we populate
them with some records. There are various methods available to populate tables

1.Append Data line by line

The first method available is the use of the APPEND statement.

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Using the APPEND statement we can either add one line from another work area to the
internal table or we can add one initial line to the internal table..

Syntax –
APPEND [<wa> TO / INITIAL LINE TO] <itable>.

Here work area <wa> or the Initial Line is appended to the internal table <itable>.

The system variable SY-TABIX contains the index of the appended line.

Example:
Data: Begin of itab occurs 10,

col1 type C,

col2 type I,

end of itab.

Append initial line to itab.

Results : „ „ „0‟

Initial lines adds a line initialized with the correct value for its type to the table. Here , col1 is
an character and col2 is a integer. Then APPEND initial line, adds a line initialized with
respect to the data type of the columns, i.e. space for col1 and 0 for col2.

2.Using COLLECT statement

COLLECT is another form of statement used for populating the internal tables. Generally
COLLECT is used while inserting lines into an internal table with unique standard key.

Syntax-
COLLECT [<wa> INTO] <itable>.

Incase of tables with Header line, INTO option is omitted. Suppose there is already an entry
having a key same as the one you are trying to append, then a new line is not added to the
table, but the numeric fields of both the entries are added and only one entry corresponding to
the key is present. Value of SY-TABIX is changed to the row of the original entry. Else
COLLECT acts similar to APPEND and SY-TABIX contains the index of the processed line.

3.Using INSERT statement

INSERT statement adds a line/work area to the internal table. You can specify the position at
which the new line is to be added by using the INDEX clause with the INSERT statement.

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Syntax
INSERT [<wa> INTO / INITIAL LINE INTO] <itable> [index <idx>].

Here, the work area <wa> or INITIAL LINE is inserted into internal table <itable> at index
<idx>.

Copying Internal Tables

The contents of one internal table can be copied to another by using the APPEND LINES or
INSERT LINES statement. A more simpler way is to usetany of the following syntax‟s.

MOVE <itab1> To <itab2>.

OR

<itab1> = <itab2>.

These copy the contents of ITAB1 to ITAB2. Incase of internal tables with header line we
have to use [] inorder to distinguish from work area. So, to copy contents of internal tables
with header line the syntax becomes,

itab1[] = itab2[].

Read Internal Tables

We are now familiar with the creation of internal tables and populating them with data. We
will now see how do we actually use the data or retrieve the data from the internal tables.

1. Using Loop -Endloop

One of the ways of accessing or reading the internal table is by using LOOP-ENDLOOP.

Syntax
LOOP AT <itable> [INTO <wa>]

...................................

ENDLOOP.

Here when you say LOOP AT ITABLE, then the internal table ITABLE is read line by line.
You can access the values of the columns for that line during any part of the LOOP-
ENDLOOP structure. The value of the SY-SUBRC is set to 0, even if only one record is read.

2. Using READ

The other method of reading the internal table is by using the READ statement.

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Syntax-
READ TABLE <itable> [INTO <wa>] INDEX <idx>.

This statement reads the current line or line as specified by index <idx>. The value of SY-
TABIX is the index of the line read. If an entry with the specified index is found, then SY-
SUBRC is set to 0. If the specified index is less than 0, then run-time error occurs. If the
specified index exceeds table size then SY-SUBRC is set to 4.

Deleting Internal Tables

There are many ways for deleting lines from an internal table.

1.Deleting lines in a loop.

This is the simplest way for deleting lines.

Syntax
DELETE <ITABLE>.

This statement works only within a loop. It deletes the current line. You can delete the lines
in a loop conditionally by adding the WHERE clause.

2.Deleting lines using the index.

This is used to delete a line from internal table at any know index.

Syntax
DELETE <ITABLE> INDEX <IDX>.

The line with the index <IDX> is deleted. The index of the following line is decremented by
1.

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How to Create Internal Table

Output:

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