GRADE 8

TOPIC 1
1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER STUDIES
a. Describe the main parts of a computer system.
Answer: The main parts of a computer system include:
 Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer that performs
calculations and executes instructions.
 Monitor: The screen that displays visual output from the computer.
 Keyboard: An input device used to type text and commands into the
computer.
 Mouse: An input device used to interact with the computer's graphical
interface.
b. State the three basic operations in a computer system.
Answer: The three basic operations in a computer system are:
 Input: The process of entering data into the computer (e.g., using a keyboard
or mouse).
 Processing: The operation performed by the CPU to manipulate and process
the input data.
 Output: The process of producing results from the processed data (e.g.,
displaying results on a monitor or printing a document).
c. Relate the main computer parts to the basic operations (input, processing, and
output).
Answer:
 Input Devices (Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner): Used to enter data into the
computer system.
 CPU (Central Processing Unit): Performs the processing operation by
executing instructions and manipulating data.
 Output Devices (Monitor, Printer): Display or produce results from the
processed data.
d. Identify how a computer functions as a general-purpose machine that operates
under different sets of instructions for various uses.
Answer:
 A computer is a general-purpose machine because it can perform a wide
range of tasks based on different software and instructions. For example, it
can be used for word processing, web browsing, gaming, and data analysis,
depending on the applications and programs installed.
e. Differentiate between data and information.
Answer:
 Data: Raw, unprocessed facts and figures (e.g., numbers, text, and images)
that are collected from various sources.
  Information: Processed and organized data that is meaningful and useful for
decision-making (e.g., a report summarizing sales figures).
f. List the components of a computer system and describe the role of each
component.
Answer:
 Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system that you
can touch and see. These are the tangible parts of the computer.
 Software refers to the intangible instructions and programs that direct the
hardware on what tasks to perform. Unlike hardware, software cannot be
touched but is essential for operating and using the hardware effectively.

2. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER STUDIES

a. Explain the role of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer system.
Answer:
 The CPU, often referred to as the brain of the computer, is responsible for
executing instructions and processing data. It performs calculations, makes
decisions based on program instructions, and controls other components of
the computer to ensure they work together effectively.
b. Identify and describe two types of software used in a computer system.
Answer:
 Application software refers to programs designed to perform specific tasks or
functions for users. Unlike system software, which manages and controls the
hardware, application software allows users to complete particular activities or
achieve certain goals.
 System software refers to the software that manages and controls the
hardware components of a computer system. It provides a platform for
running application software and enables the hardware to function correctly.
c. Describe the difference between primary and secondary storage in a computer
system.
Answer:
 Primary Storage: Refers to the computer's main memory (RAM), which is
used for temporarily storing data and instructions that are currently being used
or processed.
 Secondary Storage: Refers to non-volatile storage devices that hold data
permanently or semi-permanently, such as hard drives, SSDs, and external
storage devices.
d. Explain how input devices and output devices work together in a computer
system.
Answer:
  Input devices, such as keyboards and mice, allow users to enter data and
commands into the computer. The CPU processes this input data and
performs the necessary operations. Output devices, such as monitors and
printers, then display or produce the results of these operations, providing
feedback to the user.
e. Differentiate between hardware and software components of a computer system.
Answer:
 Hardware: The physical components of a computer system, such as the CPU,
monitor, keyboard, and hard drive.
 Software: The programs and applications that run on the computer, such as
the operating system, word processors, and web browsers.
f. Describe the purpose and use of an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) in a
computer system.
Answer:
 A UPS provides backup power to the computer in case of a power outage or
electrical disturbance. It ensures that the computer can continue to operate
temporarily during power interruptions, allowing users to save their work and
shut down the system safely to prevent data loss and hardware damage.

3. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER STUDIES

a. List and describe two types of input devices and their functions.
Answer:
 Keyboard: An input device used to enter text and commands into the
computer. It has keys for letters, numbers, and various functions.
 Mouse: An input device used to navigate and interact with the computer's
graphical user interface. It typically includes buttons for clicking and a scroll
wheel.
b. Describe the function of the monitor in a computer system.
Answer:
 The monitor is an output device that displays visual output from the computer,
such as the user interface, documents, and images. It provides a visual
representation of the data processed by the computer.
c. Explain the role of the operating system in managing computer hardware and
software.
Answer:
 The operating system manages the computer's hardware resources, such as
the CPU, memory, and storage devices. It provides a user interface, allows
software applications to interact with hardware, and handles tasks such as file
management, multitasking, and system security.
d. Differentiate between volatile and non-volatile memory.
Answer:
 Volatile Memory: Memory that loses its contents when the power is turned off,
such as RAM (Random Access Memory).
 Non-Volatile Memory: Memory that retains its contents even when the power
is off, such as hard drives, SSDs, and ROM (Read-Only Memory).
e. Describe the function of a scanner as an input device.
Answer:
 A scanner is an input device that converts physical documents, photos, and
images into digital format by capturing their visual content and creating
electronic copies that can be stored and manipulated on a computer.
f. Explain the concept of software updates and why they are important.
Answer:
 Software updates are releases from software developers that improve the
functionality, performance, or security of a program. They are important
because they fix bugs, patch security vulnerabilities, and add new features,
helping to keep the software reliable and up-to-date.

4. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER STUDIES

a. Describe how a printer functions as an output device.
Answer:
 A printer is an output device that produces physical copies of digital
documents, images, or text. It receives data from the computer and transfers
it onto paper using ink or toner, creating a hard copy of the digital content.
b. Identify two types of storage media and their uses.
Answer:
 Hard Disk Drive (HDD): A type of secondary storage media used for storing
large amounts of data and programs. It uses spinning disks and magnetic
heads to read and write data.
 Solid State Drive (SSD): A type of secondary storage media that uses flash
memory to store data. It is faster and more reliable than HDDs and is used
for quicker data access and improved system performance.
c. Explain the difference between a computer's internal and external components.
Answer:
 Internal Components: Parts located inside the computer case, such as the
CPU, RAM, motherboard, and internal storage devices.
 External Components: Parts located outside the computer case, such as the
monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, and external storage devices.
d. Describe how a computer’s operating system facilitates multitasking.
Answer:
 The operating system manages and allocates system resources, such as
CPU time and memory, to multiple applications running simultaneously. It
ensures that each application gets the necessary resources and maintains the
efficiency and stability of the system during multitasking.
e. Differentiate between system software and application software.
Answer:
 System Software: Software designed to manage and control computer
hardware and provide a platform for running application software. Examples
include operating systems and device drivers.
 Application Software: Software designed to perform specific tasks or
applications for users. Examples include word processors, web browsers, and
games.
f. Explain the importance of regular backups in a computer system.
Answer:
 Regular backups are important because they create copies of important data
and files, ensuring that they can be recovered in case of data loss due to
hardware failure, accidental deletion, or other issues. Backups help protect
against data loss and minimize the risk of losing critical information.

5. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER STUDIES

a. Describe the role of a motherboard in a computer system.
Answer:
 The motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer that connects and
allows communication between various hardware components, such as the
CPU, RAM, storage devices, and peripheral devices. It houses the
computer’s primary components and provides pathways for data transfer.
b. Explain the function of RAM (Random Access Memory) in a computer system.
Answer:
 RAM is a type of volatile memory used to temporarily store data and
instructions that the CPU is currently processing. It provides fast access to
data, allowing for efficient multitasking and quick execution of programs.
c. Identify and describe the function of two types of computer cables.
Answer:
 USB Cable: Used to connect various peripherals, such as keyboards, mice,
and external storage devices, to the computer. It facilitates data transfer and
power supply.
  HDMI Cable: Used to connect the computer to external displays, such as
monitors or TVs, transmitting both high-definition video and audio signals.
d. Explain the concept of cloud storage and its advantages.
Answer:
 Cloud storage refers to storing data on remote servers accessed via the
internet, rather than on local physical storage devices. Advantages include
accessibility from any device with internet access, automatic backups, and
reduced need for physical storage hardware.
e. Describe how to safely shut down a computer system.
Answer:
 To safely shut down a computer system, save all open files and close
applications, then use the operating system's shutdown feature (e.g., clicking
"Shut Down" or "Power Off" from the start menu). This ensures that all
processes are properly terminated and data is saved, preventing potential
data loss or corruption.
f. Discuss the role of a computer's power supply unit (PSU).
Answer:
 The power supply unit (PSU) converts electrical energy from an outlet into the
appropriate voltage and current needed by the computer's internal
components. It supplies power to the motherboard, CPU, storage devices,
and other components, ensuring the computer operates correctly.

6. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER STUDIES

a. Explain the function of a computer's cooling system.
Answer:
 The cooling system, including fans and heat sinks, helps to dissipate heat
generated by the computer’s internal components, such as the CPU and
GPU. Proper cooling is essential to maintain optimal operating temperatures,
prevent overheating, and ensure system stability and longevity.
b. Describe the purpose of a computer’s BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).
Answer:
 The BIOS is firmware embedded on a motherboard that initializes and tests
hardware components during the boot process. It provides the basic
instructions needed to start the computer and load the operating system, as
well as managing hardware settings and system configurations.
c. Identify and explain the role of two types of computer ports.
Answer:
 USB Port: A versatile port used to connect a wide range of peripherals, such
as keyboards, mice, and external drives, for data transfer and power supply.
  Ethernet Port: A port used to connect the computer to a network via a wired
connection, enabling internet access and network communication.
d. Describe the function of a network interface card (NIC) in a computer system.
Answer:
 A network interface card (NIC) enables a computer to connect to a network,
such as a local area network (LAN) or the internet. It provides the necessary
hardware and software to send and receive data over the network, allowing
for network communication and internet access.
e. Explain the concept of software licensing and its importance.
Answer:
 Software licensing refers to the legal permissions and restrictions provided by
the software creator regarding the use of their software. It is important
because it ensures that users comply with the terms of use, protects
intellectual property, and helps prevent software piracy and unauthorized
distribution.
f. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using cloud-based applications
versus traditional desktop applications.
Answer:
 Advantages of Cloud-Based Applications: Accessibility from any device with
internet access, automatic updates, and reduced need for local storage.
 Disadvantages of Cloud-Based Applications: Dependence on internet
connectivity, potential privacy and security concerns, and subscription costs.
 Advantages of Traditional Desktop Applications: Offline access, often better
performance for complex tasks, and one-time purchase costs.
 Disadvantages of Traditional Desktop Applications: Limited access to
updates, higher initial costs, and requires local storage space.

TOPIC 2
1. HEALTH AND SAFETY
a. List five key aspects of maintaining correct posture while using a computer.
Answer:
 Sit with your back straight and shoulders relaxed.
 Keep your feet flat on the floor or on a footrest.
 Position your elbows at a 90-degree angle.
 Keep your wrists straight and avoid bending them while typing.
 Ensure the monitor is at eye level to avoid tilting your head.
b. Name five safety issues associated with using computers and how to address
them.
Answer:
 Power Cables: Secure cables to prevent tripping and use cable organizers.
 Liquids: Keep liquids away from the computer to prevent spills and damage.
 Dust: Regularly clean the area to avoid dust accumulation in the hardware.
 Ergonomics: Use an ergonomic chair and desk setup to prevent strain.
 Lighting: Ensure adequate lighting to reduce eye strain and glare on the
screen.
c. Identify five common symptoms of poor posture while using a computer.
Answer:
 Back Pain: Discomfort in the lower or upper back from improper seating.
 Neck Strain: Pain or stiffness in the neck from poor monitor placement.
 Wrist Pain: Discomfort or repetitive strain injuries from improper wrist
positioning.
 Shoulder Tension: Tightness or pain in the shoulders from slouched sitting.
 Eye Strain: Fatigue or discomfort in the eyes from improper screen distance
or lighting.
d. Explain five ergonomic adjustments that can improve computer workstation
comfort.
Answer:
 Adjust Chair Height: Ensure your feet are flat on the floor and knees are at a
90-degree angle.
 Monitor Position: Position the monitor at eye level to avoid neck strain.
 Keyboard Placement: Place the keyboard at a height that allows elbows to be
at a 90-degree angle.
 Mouse Position: Keep the mouse close to the keyboard to reduce shoulder
reach.
 Desk Arrangement: Ensure the desk is at a comfortable height and allows for
proper arm positioning.

e. Discuss five best practices for maintaining computer health and safety.
Answer:
  Regular Breaks: Take frequent breaks to reduce eye strain and muscle
fatigue.
 Proper Cleaning: Clean the computer and peripherals regularly to prevent
dust buildup.
 Power Protection: Use surge protectors or UPS to safeguard against power
surges.
 Safe Handling: Handle computer components with care to avoid physical
damage.
 Update Software: Keep software and antivirus programs updated to protect
against security threats.

2. CARE FOR COMPUTER SYSTEMS

a. List five reasons why regular maintenance of computer systems is important.

Answer:
 Prevent Hardware Failures: Regular maintenance helps avoid potential
hardware issues.
 Improve Performance: Routine cleaning and updates can enhance system
speed and efficiency.
 Protect Data: Regular backups and antivirus checks help safeguard against
data loss and corruption.
 Extend Lifespan: Proper care and maintenance can prolong the life of
computer components.
 Ensure Security: Updating software and monitoring for threats helps protect
against security breaches.
b. Name five types of storage media and their uses.
Answer:
 Hard Disk Drive (HDD): Primary storage for operating systems, applications,
and files.
 Solid State Drive (SSD): Faster storage for operating systems and
applications, improving performance.
 USB Flash Drive: Portable storage for transferring and backing up data.
 External Hard Drive: Additional storage for large amounts of data and
backups.
 Memory Card: Used in devices like cameras and smartphones for storing
photos and videos.
c. Explain five methods to prevent data loss on a computer.
Answer:
 Regular Backups: Perform regular backups of important data to external
storage.
 Use Antivirus Software: Install and update antivirus software to protect against
malware.
 Avoid Sudden Shutdowns: Properly shut down the computer to prevent data
corruption.
  Monitor Storage Health: Check the health of storage devices and replace
them if they show signs of failure.
 Secure Data: Use encryption and strong passwords to protect sensitive
information.
d. Describe five actions to take when handling storage media to prevent
damage.
Answer:
 Avoid Physical Impact: Handle storage media gently to prevent physical
damage.
 Keep Dry: Store media in a dry environment to prevent moisture damage.
 Avoid Magnetic Fields: Keep media away from strong magnetic fields to
prevent data corruption.
 Use Proper Cases: Store media in protective cases when not in use.
 Clean Carefully: Clean media contacts gently with a dry, soft cloth to avoid
scratches.
e. Identify five basic computer operations that are essential for daily use.
Answer:
 Powering On/Off: Turning the computer on and off correctly.
 Navigating the Desktop: Using the mouse and keyboard to interact with the
desktop and applications.
 Opening and Closing Applications: Launching and closing software programs
as needed.
 Saving Files: Saving work to the computer’s storage to prevent data loss.
 Managing Files: Organizing, copying, and moving files and folders to keep
data organized.

3. COMPUTERS AND PERIPHERALS

a. List five peripherals commonly used with computers and their functions.
Answer:
 Keyboard: Input device used for typing text and commands.
 Mouse: Input device used to navigate and interact with the computer’s
interface.
 Printer: Output device used to produce physical copies of digital documents.
 Scanner: Input device used to digitize physical documents and images.
 External Hard Drive: Storage device used for additional data storage and
backups.
b. Describe five steps to connect a computer to a printer.
Answer:
 Check Compatibility: Ensure the printer is compatible with the computer and
operating system.
 Connect the Cable: Attach the printer to the computer using a USB or network
cable.
  Install Drivers: Install the necessary printer drivers from the manufacturer’s
website or included CD.
 Power On the Printer: Turn on the printer and ensure it’s properly connected.
 Configure Printer Settings: Set up the printer in the computer’s settings or
control panel to ensure it’s recognized and ready for use.
c. Explain five basic computer operations that involve using a mouse.
Answer:
 Clicking: Pressing the left mouse button to select or open items on the screen.
 Double-Clicking: Pressing the left mouse button twice quickly to open files or
applications.
 Right-Clicking: Pressing the right mouse button to open context menus with
additional options.
 Dragging: Holding down the left mouse button to move items or select text.
 Scrolling: Using the scroll wheel to navigate through documents or web
pages.
d. Describe five functions of a computer’s operating system in relation to peripherals.
Answer:
 Device Management: Manages and communicates with connected
peripherals like printers and scanners.
 Driver Installation: Installs and updates device drivers to ensure compatibility
with hardware.
 Resource Allocation: Allocates system resources such as memory and
processing power to peripherals.
 User Interface: Provides a graphical interface for users to configure and
manage peripherals.
 Error Handling: Detects and reports issues with peripherals, offering
troubleshooting options.
e. List five steps for safely disconnecting a peripheral device from a computer.
Answer:
 Close Applications: Ensure any open applications using the peripheral are
closed.
 Eject Device: Use the operating system’s eject or safely remove option if
available.
 Power Off: Turn off the peripheral device if required.
 Disconnect Cable: Gently unplug the peripheral from the computer.
 Store Properly: Store the disconnected peripheral in a safe, dry place.
4. SECURITY AND VIRUSES
a. List five potential consequences of computer viruses.
Answer:
 Data Loss: Corruption or loss of important files and data.
 System Slowdown: Reduced performance and speed of the computer.
 Security Breaches: Unauthorized access to personal or sensitive information.
  Financial Loss: Costs associated with repairing or replacing damaged
hardware and software.
 Unplanned Downtime: Disruption of work due to system crashes or
malfunctions.
b. Describe five measures to protect a computer from viruses.
Answer:
 Install Antivirus Software: Use reputable antivirus software and keep it
updated.
 Enable Firewall: Activate the computer’s firewall to block malicious traffic.
 Avoid Suspicious Links: Do not click on unknown or suspicious email links or
attachments.
 Update Software: Regularly update the operating system and applications to
fix security vulnerabilities.
 Backup Data: Regularly back up important files to recover them in case of a
virus attack.
c. Explain five actions to take if a computer becomes infected with a virus.
Answer:
 Disconnect from Network: Disconnect the computer from the internet to
prevent further spread of the virus.
 Run Antivirus Scan: Perform a full system scan using updated antivirus
software.
 Remove the Virus: Follow the antivirus software’s instructions to remove the

5. TYPES OF USER INTERFACES

a. List five features of a Graphical User Interface (GUI).
Answer:
 Icons: Visual representations of applications, files, and functions.
 Windows: Areas on the screen where applications and documents are
displayed.
 Menus: Lists of options or commands that can be selected by the user.
 Buttons: Clickable elements that execute commands or open dialogs.
 Scroll Bars: Allow users to navigate through content that extends beyond the
visible area of the window.
b. Compare five features of Command-Line Interfaces (CLIs) with those of GUIs.
Answer:
 CLI: Text-based commands entered by the user.
 GUI: Visual elements like icons and buttons are used for interaction.
 CLI: Requires knowledge of specific commands and syntax.
 GUI: More intuitive and user-friendly for beginners.
 CLI: Can be faster for experienced users performing repetitive tasks.
 CLI: Generally uses fewer system resources.
 GUI: Requires more system resources for rendering visual elements.
 CLI: Requires precise command input; errors may be less forgiving.
  GUI: Provides visual feedback and prompts for user actions.
c. Describe five actions you can perform with a Graphical User Interface (GUI).
Answer:
 Open Applications: Double-click on icons to start programs.
 Drag and Drop Files: Move files and folders by dragging them to different
locations.
 Access Menus: Click on menu items to access various functions and settings.
 Resize Windows: Adjust the size of application windows by dragging their
edges.
 Search for Files: Use search features to locate files and folders quickly.
d. List five advantages of using a GUI over a command-line interface.
Answer:
 Ease of Use: More intuitive and user-friendly for beginners.
 Visual Interaction: Allows for interaction with visual elements like icons and
buttons.
 Error Prevention: Reduces the risk of errors through visual prompts and
controls.
 Multitasking: Facilitates easy switching between multiple open applications
and windows.
 Accessibility: Provides accessible features for users with disabilities, such as
screen readers and large icons.
e. Explain five basic operations performed in a command-line interface (CLI).
Answer:
 Navigating Directories: Use commands like cd to change directories.
 Listing Files: Use commands like ls or dir to display files and directories.
 Creating Files: Use commands like touch or echo to create new files.
 Deleting Files: Use commands like rm or del to remove files.
 Executing Programs: Run applications or scripts by typing their names and
pressing Enter.

TOPIC 3
1. COMPUTERS AS AIDS FOR LEARNING
a. Describe five ways computers can be used as aids for learning.
Answer:
  Interactive Lessons: Self-paced interactive lessons can engage students with
multimedia content such as videos, quizzes, and animations.
 Educational Software: Programs designed for specific subjects can provide
practice exercises, tutorials, and assessments.
 Virtual Classrooms: Online platforms enable remote learning and
collaboration among students and teachers.
 Simulations: Computer simulations can model real-world scenarios for
practical learning experiences.
 Research Tools: Access to digital libraries and online resources supports
research and information gathering.
b. Explain five benefits of using multimedia in educational settings.
Answer:
 Enhanced Engagement: Multimedia can capture students’ interest and
maintain their attention with interactive elements.
 Improved Retention: Visuals and audio can help reinforce learning and
improve memory retention.
 Diverse Learning Styles: Multimedia supports different learning styles, such
as visual, auditory, and kinesthetic.
 Immediate Feedback: Interactive tools provide instant feedback, helping
students understand concepts better.
 Accessibility: Multimedia resources can be accessed remotely, providing
flexible learning opportunities.
c. Identify five types of multimedia content used in educational software.
Answer:
 Videos: Instructional videos demonstrate concepts and provide visual
explanations.
 Animations: Animated sequences illustrate complex processes or scenarios
in a dynamic way.
 Audio: Narration and sound effects enhance understanding and engagement.
 Interactive Simulations: Allow students to experiment with concepts in a
virtual environment.
 Text: Written content provides explanations, instructions, and information.
d. Describe five features that make an educational software effective.
Answer:
 User-Friendly Interface: Easy navigation and intuitive design enhance
usability for students.
 Adaptive Learning: Customizes content based on the learner’s progress and
understanding.
 Engaging Content: Uses interactive elements to maintain interest and
motivation.
 Progress Tracking: Monitors and reports on student performance and
achievements.
 Educational Value: Aligns with educational standards and learning objectives
to ensure relevance.
e. Explain five ways technology can support collaborative learning.
Answer:
 Online Discussion Forums: Allow students to discuss and collaborate on
topics asynchronously.
 Shared Documents: Enable multiple users to work on the same document
simultaneously.
 Group Projects: Digital tools facilitate teamwork and project management.
 Video Conferencing: Supports real-time communication and collaboration
regardless of location.
 Virtual Whiteboards: Provide a shared space for brainstorming and problem-
solving.

2. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF COMPUTERS

a. Identify five social effects of widespread computer use.
Answer:
 Increased Communication: Facilitates global communication through email,
social media, and messaging apps.
 Remote Work: Enables people to work from home, offering flexibility and
reducing commuting.
 Social Isolation: Potential for reduced face-to-face interactions and increased
screen time.
 Access to Information: Provides easy access to information and resources,
promoting learning and awareness.
 Privacy Concerns: Raises issues about personal data security and online
privacy.
b. Describe five economic impacts of computer technology on businesses.
Answer:
 Increased Efficiency: Automation of tasks can lead to higher productivity and
reduced operational costs.
 Global Market Reach: E-commerce platforms allow businesses to reach
international markets.
 Job Creation: Creates new job opportunities in IT and related fields.
 Cost Savings: Reduces costs associated with traditional business operations,
such as paperwork and physical storage.
 Innovation: Drives innovation in products and services, leading to competitive
advantages.
c. Explain five potential negative effects of computer dependence on individuals.
Answer:
 Health Issues: Prolonged use can lead to physical problems such as eye
strain, repetitive strain injuries, and sedentary lifestyle-related conditions.
 Reduced Social Skills: Heavy reliance on digital communication may impair
face-to-face interaction skills.
  Information Overload: Constant exposure to information can lead to cognitive
overload and reduced productivity.
 Privacy Risks: Increased data collection and surveillance may compromise
personal privacy.
 Addiction: Excessive use of computers and online services can lead to
addictive behaviors and reduced personal well-being.
d. Identify five security concerns associated with computer use.
Answer:
 Cyber Attacks: Threats such as hacking and phishing can compromise
personal and sensitive information.
 Malware: Malicious software can damage systems, steal data, and disrupt
operations.
 Data Breaches: Unauthorized access to confidential information can lead to
financial and reputational damage.
 Identity Theft: Personal information can be stolen and used for fraudulent
activities.
 Insecure Networks: Weak network security can expose data to unauthorized
access and cyber threats.
e. Describe five issues related to the misuse of computers and technology.
Answer:
 Cyberbullying: Harassment or bullying conducted through digital platforms,
affecting mental health.
 Piracy: Illegal distribution and use of copyrighted software, music, and media.
 Identity Theft: Fraudulent use of someone’s personal information for illicit
purposes.
 Unethical Surveillance: Unauthorized monitoring or tracking of individuals’
online activities.
 Spreading Misinformation: Distribution of false or misleading information that
can impact public opinion and behavior.
3. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF COMPUTERS
a. Identify and describe five social challenges associated with the use of computers.
Answer:
 Digital Divide: Disparities in access to technology and the internet among
different socioeconomic groups.
 Cyberbullying: Negative behavior and harassment occurring through digital
platforms, affecting victims’ mental health.
 Privacy Concerns: Issues regarding the protection of personal information and
data from unauthorized access.
 Decreased Physical Activity: Sedentary lifestyle associated with prolonged
computer use, leading to health problems.
 Social Isolation: Reduced face-to-face interactions and reliance on digital
communication, potentially impacting relationships.
b. Discuss five economic challenges that businesses may face due to reliance on
computer systems.
Answer:
 High Initial Costs: Significant investment required for purchasing, installing,
and maintaining computer systems
 Cybersecurity Threats: Costs associated with protecting against and
responding to cyber-attacks and data breaches.
 Rapid Technological Changes: Frequent updates and upgrades may require
ongoing expenditure and adaptation.
 Data Loss Risks: Potential financial losses resulting from data corruption or
system failures.
 Employee Training: Costs related to training staff to effectively use and
manage new technologies.
c. Explain five potential impacts of computerization on employment.
Answer:
 Job Displacement: Automation of tasks can lead to the reduction or
elimination of certain job roles.
 Job Creation: New technology can create demand for jobs in IT,
cybersecurity, and technical support.
 Skill Requirements: Changing job market requires employees to acquire new
technical skills and adapt to evolving roles.
 Remote Work Opportunities: Technology enables flexible working conditions
and remote job possibilities.
 Productivity Gains: Improved efficiency and productivity can enhance job
performance and business outcomes.
d. Describe five benefits of using computer technology in the healthcare industry.
Answer:
 Improved Patient Records: Electronic health records (EHRs) enable better
management and accessibility of patient information.
 Enhanced Diagnostics: Advanced imaging and diagnostic tools provide more
accurate and timely medical assessments.
 Telemedicine: Allows for remote consultations and monitoring, improving
access to healthcare services.
 Data Analysis: Utilizes big data and analytics to identify trends, improve
treatment plans, and enhance research.
 Streamlined Administration: Automates scheduling, billing, and other
administrative tasks, increasing efficiency.
e. Explain five social benefits of using computer technology in education.
Answer:

 Access to Knowledge: Provides students with a vast array of information and

educational resources online.
 Personalized Learning: Technology allows for tailored educational
experiences based on individual learning needs.
 Global Collaboration: Facilitates communication and collaboration with peers
and experts worldwide.
  Interactive Learning: Engages students with interactive and multimedia
content that can enhance understanding.
 Skill Development: Helps students develop essential digital literacy and
technical skills required for modern workplaces.
4. COMPUTERS AS AIDS FOR LEARNING
a. Discuss five ways in which computers can enhance the learning experience in
classrooms.
Answer:
 Interactive Lessons: Use of interactive software and digital tools to engage
students actively in learning activities.
 Access to Resources: Provides access to a wide range of digital textbooks,
research materials, and educational websites.
 Collaborative Tools: Enables students to work together on projects and
assignments using online platforms and shared documents.
 Instant Feedback: Educational programs and apps offer immediate feedback
on quizzes and assignments, aiding in understanding.
 Visual Aids: Incorporates videos, animations, and simulations to visually
demonstrate complex concepts.
b. Identify five types of educational software and their purposes.
Answer:
 Learning Management Systems (LMS): Platforms like Moodle or Canvas that
organize and deliver educational content and track student progress.
 Tutorial Software: Programs such as Khan Academy that provide lessons and
practice exercises on various subjects.
 Simulations: Tools like PhET Interactive Simulations that model scientific
phenomena for hands-on learning experiences.
 Language Learning Software: Applications like Duolingo that offer interactive
language lessons and practice.
 Mathematics Software: Programs such as GeoGebra that help with solving
mathematical problems and visualizing concepts.
c. Explain five benefits of incorporating simulations into educational practices.
Answer:
 Practical Experience: Provides hands-on experience with theoretical concepts
in a controlled virtual environment.
 Safe Learning: Allows students to experiment and learn from mistakes without
real-world consequences.
 Enhanced Engagement: Interactive simulations can capture students’ interest
and make learning more engaging.
 Visualization: Helps students visualize complex processes and phenomena
that are difficult to demonstrate physically.
 Improved Understanding: Aids in understanding abstract concepts through
interactive and dynamic representations.
d. Describe five ways technology can be used to support differentiated instruction.
Answer:
 Adaptive Learning Software: Tailors educational content to individual
students’ learning levels and needs.
 Varied Content Delivery: Provides multiple formats such as videos, text, and
interactive activities to accommodate different learning styles.
 Customized Assessments: Allows for the creation of assessments that match
individual student abilities and progress.
 Assistive Technologies: Offers tools like screen readers or speech-to-text for
students with disabilities.
 Flexible Scheduling: Enables students to access learning materials and
complete assignments at their own pace.
e. Discuss five ways computers contribute to distance learning.
Answer:
 Online Courses: Platforms like Coursera and edX offer courses that can be
accessed from anywhere with an internet connection.
 Virtual Classrooms: Tools such as Zoom or Microsoft Teams facilitate live
classes and discussions remotely.
 Resource Sharing: Allows for the distribution of course materials,
assignments, and resources through online portals.
 Discussion Boards: Provides platforms for students to interact, ask questions,
and collaborate asynchronously.
 Recorded Lectures: Enables students to watch or review class lectures and
tutorials at their convenience.
5. SECURITY AND ECONOMIC IMPACT
a. Identify and describe five economic benefits of implementing computer technology
in manufacturing.
Answer:
 Increased Productivity: Automation and computer-controlled machinery
enhance production efficiency and output.
 Cost Reduction: Reduces labor costs and material waste through precise and
efficient processes.
 Quality Control: Improves product consistency and quality with advanced
monitoring and control systems.
 Real-Time Data: Provides real-time data analysis for better decision-making
and process optimization.
 Innovation: Supports the development of new products and technologies,
driving industry growth.
b. Explain five ways computer technology affects customer service in retail
businesses.
Answer:
 Online Shopping: E-commerce platforms allow customers to browse and
purchase products conveniently from home.
 Customer Relationship Management (CRM): Systems track and manage
customer interactions and data for improved service.
  Chatbots: Automated chat systems provide instant responses and support to
customer inquiries.
 Personalized Recommendations: Uses algorithms to suggest products based
on customer preferences and browsing history.
 Order Tracking: Allows customers to track the status of their orders in real-
time, enhancing transparency.
c. Describe five social impacts of the widespread use of social media.
Answer:
 Increased Connectivity: Facilitates communication and networking with people
globally.
 Information Sharing: Enables rapid dissemination of news and information,
influencing public opinion.
 Community Building: Supports the creation of online communities around
shared interests or causes.
 Social Influence: Impacts behavior and trends through influencer marketing
and viral content.
 Privacy Issues: Raises concerns about personal data security and the
potential for misuse of information.
d. Identify five ways technology can influence economic development in emerging
markets.
Answer:
 Access to Global Markets: E-commerce and digital platforms enable
businesses to reach international customers.
 Entrepreneurship Opportunities: Technology provides tools and resources for
startups and small businesses.
 Improved Infrastructure: Advances in technology contribute to the
development of infrastructure such as smart grids and transportation systems.
 Education and Training: Provides access to online learning resources and skill
development programs.
 Job Creation: Stimulates employment opportunities in technology and related
sectors.
e. Explain five ways technology can be used to promote environmental sustainability.
Answer:

 Energy Efficiency: Technology helps in optimizing energy use and reducing

consumption through smart grids and energy management systems.
 Waste Management: Implements digital tracking and management systems
for recycling and waste reduction.
 Renewable Energy: Supports the development and integration of renewable
energy sources like solar and wind power.
 Sustainable Agriculture: Uses technology for precision farming and resource
management to reduce environmental impact.
 Environmental Monitoring: Employs sensors and data analytics to monitor and
manage environmental conditions and pollution.
TOPIC 4
1. INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS
a. Describe five basic functions you can perform in the Windows operating system.
Answer:
 Starting and Quitting Programs: Open applications from the Start menu and
close them using the taskbar or program’s exit option.
 File Management: Create, rename, move, and delete files and folders using
File Explorer.
 System Settings: Access and adjust system settings such as display, sound,
and network options through the Control Panel or Settings app.
  Multitasking: Switch between open applications using the taskbar or Alt+Tab
shortcut.
 Search Function: Locate files, folders, and applications using the search bar
in File Explorer or the Start menu.
b. Explain the steps to start and quit a program in Windows.
Answer:
 Starting a Program: Click on the Start menu, type the program’s name in the
search bar, and select it from the search results.
 Using the Taskbar: Click on the program’s icon on the taskbar if it is pinned or
currently running.
 Quitting a Program: Click on the program’s window close button (X) in the
upper-right corner, or right-click its icon on the taskbar and select “Close.”
 Using Alt+F4: Press Alt+F4 to close the currently active window or application.
 Task Manager: Open Task Manager (Ctrl+Shift+Esc), find the program, and
select “End Task” to force close it if it’s not responding.
c. Describe five key functions of the Windows Start Menu.
Answer:
 Application Access: Provides a list of installed applications for quick
launching.
 Search Function: Allows users to search for files, settings, and applications.
 System Settings: Offers access to system settings and configuration options.
 File Explorer: Provides quick access to file management through File
Explorer.
 Power Options: Allows users to shut down, restart, or put the computer to
sleep.
d. Identify five shortcuts used in Windows for improving productivity.
Answer:
 Ctrl+C: Copy selected text or items.
 Ctrl+V: Paste copied text or items.
 Alt+Tab: Switch between open applications.
 Windows+D: Minimize or restore all open windows to show the desktop.
 Windows+E: Open File Explorer.
e. Explain the process to manage multiple open windows in Windows.
Answer:
 Taskbar Navigation: Click on different application icons on the taskbar to
switch between them.
 Alt+Tab Shortcut: Hold Alt and press Tab to cycle through open windows and
release Alt to select one.
 Windows+Tab Shortcut: Use Task View to see all open windows and
desktops, and select the one you need.
 Dragging Windows: Click and drag window titles to arrange them side by side
or move them to different parts of the screen.
  Snap Assist: Drag windows to the edges of the screen to snap them into
place for easy multitasking.
2. KEY IN AND EDIT TEXT
a. Demonstrate five actions you can perform to input and edit text in a word
processor.
Answer:
 Text Input: Type text using the keyboard.
 Type Over: Replace existing text by positioning the cursor and typing new
text.
 Insertion of Words/Symbols: Insert additional words or symbols by positioning
the cursor and typing.
 Deletion: Remove unwanted text by positioning the cursor and pressing the
Delete or Backspace key.
 Reformatting: Change the appearance of text (font, size, color) using
formatting tools in the toolbar.
b. Describe five methods to correct errors while typing in a word processor.
Answer:
 Backspace Key: Remove characters to the left of the cursor.
 Delete Key: Remove characters to the right of the cursor.
 Cut and Paste: Cut text from one location and paste it in another to correct
misplaced text.
 Undo Command: Use Ctrl+Z to revert recent changes or errors.
 Spell Check: Use the built-in spell checker to identify and correct spelling
mistakes.
c. Explain five techniques for inserting special characters or symbols in a document.
Answer:
 Symbol Menu: Access special characters through the "Insert" tab and select
"Symbol" in the word processor.
 Alt Codes: Hold the Alt key and type a numeric code on the numeric keypad
to insert symbols.
 Character Map: Use the Character Map application to copy and paste special
characters.
 Emoji Keyboard: Access emoji and special symbols through the emoji
keyboard shortcut (Windows + . or ;).
 Insert Dialog Box: Use the “Insert” tab and select “Special Characters” or
“Symbols” for additional options.
d. Describe five ways to move or copy text within a document.
Answer:
 Drag and Drop: Highlight the text, click, and drag it to the desired location.
 Cut and Paste: Use Ctrl+X to cut the text and Ctrl+V to paste it in a new
location.
 Copy and Paste: Use Ctrl+C to copy the text and Ctrl+V to paste it elsewhere.
  Clipboard: Access the clipboard to store and retrieve copied text for use in
different parts of the document.
 Right-Click Menu: Highlight text, right-click, select “Cut” or “Copy,” and then
right-click at the desired location and select “Paste.”
e. Explain five methods to use the Undo and Redo commands in a word processor.
Answer:
 Undo Command: Use Ctrl+Z to revert the last action performed.
 Redo Command: Use Ctrl+Y to reapply an action that was undone.
 Toolbar Buttons: Click on the Undo and Redo buttons in the toolbar to
reverse or reapply actions.
 Edit Menu: Access the “Edit” menu and select “Undo” or “Redo” to perform
these actions.
 Keyboard Shortcuts: Use Ctrl+Z for undoing and Ctrl+Y for redoing directly
from the keyboard.
3. Text Manipulation and Formatting
a. Describe five text manipulation features available in word processors.
Answer:
 Bold/Italic/Underline: Apply formatting to text for emphasis or style using the
toolbar buttons or shortcuts (Ctrl+B, Ctrl+I, Ctrl+U).
 Font Size and Style: Change the font size and style to improve readability or
fit the document’s design.
 Text Alignment: Align text left, center, right, or justify to fit the document’s
layout.
 Text Color: Change the color of the text for visual appeal or emphasis.
 Line Spacing: Adjust the space between lines of text to enhance readability.
b. Explain five ways to format paragraphs in a word processor.
Answer:
 Indentation: Set paragraph indentation from the left or right margins to
structure text.
 Spacing: Adjust before and after paragraph spacing to control the layout of
text.
 Alignment: Align paragraphs to the left, center, right, or justify for a clean look.
 Bullets and Numbering: Apply bullet points or numbered lists to organize
items within paragraphs.
 Borders and Shading: Add borders or shading to paragraphs to highlight or
separate them from other content.
c. Describe five functions of the clipboard in text editing.
Answer:
 Copy: Store a duplicate of selected text for pasting elsewhere.
 Cut: Remove selected text and temporarily store it for relocation.
 Paste: Insert text from the clipboard into a new location.
  Multiple Items: Manage multiple clipboard items in advanced text editors or
applications.
 Undo Paste: Use the Undo command to reverse accidental pastes.
d. Explain five steps to change text formatting using the toolbar in a word processor.
Answer:
 Select Text: Highlight the text you want to format.
 Choose Font: Click on the font dropdown menu to select a new font style.
 Adjust Size: Click on the font size dropdown menu and choose the desired
size.
 Apply Formatting: Use buttons for bold, italic, underline, or color to apply
changes.
 Confirm Changes: Click away or press Enter to apply the formatting changes
to the selected text.
e. Describe five ways to use styles and themes in a word processor.
Answer:
 Apply Predefined Styles: Use built-in styles (Heading 1, Heading 2, Normal)
to format text consistently.
 Create Custom Styles: Define and save custom styles for specific formatting
needs.
 Apply Themes: Use document themes to apply a coordinated set of fonts,
colors, and effects.
 Update Styles: Modify existing styles to update the formatting across the
entire document.
 Style Quick Access: Use the Styles pane for quick access to and application
of different styles.

TOPIC 5