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Chapter 5 Results and Discussion

Chapter 5 focuses on the processing and analyzing of data, emphasizing the importance of editing and coding raw data to convert it into useful information. It outlines methods for data presentation, including qualitative and quantitative analysis, and highlights the necessity of organizing data to answer research questions. The chapter aims to equip students with skills to prepare tables and graphs from raw data effectively.

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13 views

Chapter 5 Results and Discussion

Chapter 5 focuses on the processing and analyzing of data, emphasizing the importance of editing and coding raw data to convert it into useful information. It outlines methods for data presentation, including qualitative and quantitative analysis, and highlights the necessity of organizing data to answer research questions. The chapter aims to equip students with skills to prepare tables and graphs from raw data effectively.

Uploaded by

tiktok3333333333333331111
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 5

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


PROCESSING AND ANALYZING DATA

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES:
1. The students must be able to understand the editing of data.
2. The students must be able to convert raw data into useful information.
3. The students must be able to prepare tables and graphs using raw data.

Introduction

The data collected from the survey tool, observation, and interview is raw and is of no value
unless and until it is presented in usable manner. The data collected from the samples is
arranged in a meaningful way by editing, and coding, and presented in tabular form for drawing
useful inferences. In this unit, we will be learning the various ways by which raw data is
converted into important information.

Processing and analyzing data involve several closely related operations which are performed
to summarize the collected data and organize these in a manner that they answer the research
questions (objectives).

EDITING

It is a process of examining the collected raw data to detect errors and omissions and to correct
these when possible. It is also defined as the process relating to the review and adjustment of
collected survey data to control the quality of the collected data. Data editing can be performed
manually, with the assistance of a computer, or using a combination of both methods. Data
editing is crucial as it helps in take full advantage of the available data to be converted into
useful data, ensuring that the errors arising during collection, entry, and assimilation are omitted
or minimized. It also assures that the consistency is coherent and consistent since such
characteristics have a constructive impact on the final analysis and outcomes.

CODING

The purpose of data coding is to bring out the essence and meaning of the data that has been
collected from the respondents. To make sense of the data, it must be analyzed. Analysis
begins with the labeling of data as to its source, how it was collected, the information it contains,
etc. When we have received hundreds of questionnaires, forms, and formats containing the
data it seems impossible to figure out any outcomes just by looking at the quantum. E.g. if the
Hotel guest ‘s feedback is received in letter forms with no specific format it would be nearly
impossible to assess the satisfaction levels, major complaint areas, or just find out who has
been recommended by most of the guests as the best employee at the hotel.

Coding facilitates the researcher to reduce the bulk of information and data to a form that is
easily understandable and can be interpreted soon either manually or through software
programming. For example, the injury rate at different levels of intensive physical labor
demanding operations in various hotels in the city may not be sorted under name but each of
the hotels can be assigned a numeric or alphabetical code. The content analysis computer
programs help researchers to code textual data for qualitative or quantitative analysis.

CLASSIFICATION AND TABULATION

TABULATION
PRESENTATION OF DATA
METHODS OF DATA PRESENTATION
DATA ANALYSIS METHODS

Data analysis methods are as under:


 Qualitative Data Analysis
 Quantitative Data Analysis
 Manual Data Analysis
 Computerized Data Analysis

QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS

Qualitative Data Analysis can be defined as a researcher‘s movement from quantitative data to
qualitative i.e. when an interpretation, explanation, or understanding is generated based on the
quantitative data. This gives meaning and better elucidation of facts and figures presented in
form of charts or graphs. In general, the following terms are indicative of qualitative data
analysis:
QUANTITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS

This is another systematic approach where the researcher converts or transforms the
observations and collected information into numerical data. It is suited to surveys that are
performed on a larger scale, are well administered, and use carefully constructed
questionnaires.

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