LESSON 1 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

ENGLISH AS THE GLOBAL LANGUAGE - relates to any situation where the production or
- Language has no independent existence distribution of goods or services crosses country
borders.
MILITARY/POLITICAL
- A language has traditionally become an GLOBALIZATION
international language for one chief reason - the word used to describe the growing
 The power of its people especially their independence of the world’s economies, cultures,
political and military power. and populations, brought about by cross-border
trade in goods and services, technology, and flows
WHAT MAKES A GLOBAL LANGUAGE? of investment, people, and information.
- Because it has to do with who those speakers are.
ECONOMISTS
English is the de facto global lingua franca - the free movement of goods, services, and people
across the globe in a seamless and integrated
LINGUA FRANCA manner.
- common language between speakers whose
native languages are different. CULTURE & COMMUNICATION EXPERTS
- also known as working language and bridge - the transmission of ideas, meanings and values
language. around the world in such a way as to extend and
- language of global commerce. intensify social relations.
- main language of international diplomacy.
- language of air traffic control. POLITICAL SCIENTISTS
- most common language of academic journals. - the development and growing influence of
- most common language in the internet. international organizations such as the UN or
- language that international travelers with WHO.
different native languages use to communicate.
CROSS- CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
ACCORDING TO BRITISH COUNCIL: - is a dialogue or any kind of interaction (both
- English language now has special status of one verbal & non-verbal) between people of different
kind of another in 75 countries. nationalities.
-1/3 of the world’s books are published in English. - refers to how well people from different cultures
- 2/3 of all scientists read English. interact in a business environment, and how well
- 3/4 of the world’s mail is written in English. they adapt their communication style to their co-
- 4/5 of all electronic communications are in worker’s culture.
English.
KEY PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
FACTORS IN THE SUCCESS OF ENGLISH 1. Interpersonal communication is inescapable.
AS A GLOBAL LANGUAGE 2. Interpersonal communication is irreversible.
- industrial revolutions 3. Interpersonal communication is complicated.
- international commerce 4. Interpersonal communication is contextual.
- world wars
- USSR Collapse in 1991 COMMUNICATION CONTEXT
- popular culture PERSONAL CONTEXT
- information technology -includes the background of both the sender & the
receiver.
WHY DO WE NEED A GLOBAL Ex: education, religion, status, health.
LANGUAGE?
- Dismantles the communication barrier. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT
- facilitates the exchange of ideas. - pertains to the environment where
- has an effective role in improving international communication takes place.
interactions between governments and closing the Ex. Temperature, odor, proximity, location.
nations together.

LESSON 2 PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTEXT

- includes the feelings and attitudes of the - Used in professional and academic settings
participants. where respect and clarity are paramount (e.g.,
Ex. Opinion, prejudices, perceptions. business presentations, scholarly articles).

RELATIONAL CONTEXT 3. Professional Register:

- refers to the kind of relationship that exists - A more conversational tone is permitted,
between the sender and receiver. allowing for interruptions, typically seen in
Ex. Siblings, parents to child. teacher-student interactions or doctor-patient
dialogues.
CULTURAL CONTEXT
- includes the set of beliefs, value systems, guiding 4. Informal Register:
principles based on one’s race, age, gender, sexual - Common in casual settings among friends and
orientation. family, characterized by relaxed language and
slang (e.g., social gatherings).
LESSON 3
VARIETIES & REGISTER OF SPOKEN & 5. Intimate Register:
WRITTEN ENGLISH - Used in private conversations, often rich in
personal vocabulary and non-verbal cues, reserved
This comprehensive overview of English language for close relationships.
users and registers provides a clear framework for
understanding how language varies across IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING
different contexts and cultures. REGISTERS

GROUPS OF ENGLISH USERS Grasping the different registers and their

appropriate contexts enhances effective
1. Inner Circle (Norm Providers): communication. It fosters acceptance in various
- Comprising native speakers from countries like social groups and improves interpersonal
the USA, UK, Canada, Australia, and New relationships. This knowledge is crucial for
Zealand, this group sets the standards for English navigating professional, academic, and casual
usage. interactions successfully.

2. Outer Circle (Norm Developers): Conclusion

- Includes former colonies where English is an This review highlights the intricate relationship
official language, such as India, Nigeria, and South between language use and social context,
Africa. These countries adapt and evolve English, emphasizing the need for adaptability in
contributing to its diversity. communication. Understanding the varieties and
registers of English not only enriches linguistic
3. Expanding Circle (Norm Dependent): proficiency but also deepens cultural awareness in
- This group consists of countries where English our increasingly interconnected world.
is learned as a foreign language, such as China,
Japan, and Brazil. Their usage reflects the global LESSON 4
influence of English. APPLICATION LETTER (COVER LETTER)

LANGUAGE REGISTER An application letter, commonly known as a cover

letter, is a crucial component of the job application
The concept of language register highlights how process. Here’s a concise overview of its key
speakers adjust their language based on context, elements and specifications:
audience, and purpose. The different types of
registers include: PURPOSE OF AN APPLICATION LETTER
- Showcase Skills: Highlight relevant experiences
1. Static Register: and qualifications.
- Unchanging language often used in formal - Demonstrate Interest: Convey genuine
documents (e.g., constitutions, vows). enthusiasm for the job.
- Add Value: Enhance your resume by providing
2. Formal Register: context and detail.
SPECIFICATIONS 2. American English Sounds of T
- Length: Keep it to one page. - a. Flap T:
- Format: Follow business letter formatting. - When "T" appears between two vowels, it is
- Paragraph Structure: Use 3-4 paragraphs. pronounced as a soft /d/.
- Customization: Tailor each letter for the specific - Examples:
company. - water → /wəɾər/
- Font and Spacing: Use a 10-12pt simple font; - city→ /siɾi/
single space within paragraphs, double space - later → /leɪdə/
between them. - better → /bɛdə/
- Paper Size: Standard letter size.
- b. Silent T:
KEY ELEMENTS - The "T" is often not pronounced when it follows
1. Header: Your contact information. "N."
2. Addressee & Date: Include the recipient's name - Examples:
and date. - interview
3. Salutation: Address the letter properly. - international
4. Body: - plenty
- Opening Paragraph: State the job title, where - Santa
you found the listing, and a brief overview of your - Atlanta
qualifications. - twenty
- Middle Paragraph: Highlight key
achievements and skills relevant to the position, 3. British English Sound of R
including their impact. - a. Silent R:
- Closing Paragraph: End with a professional - The "R" is usually silent at the end of words.
closing and express eagerness to discuss the role - Examples:
further. - car
5. Signature: Include your signature at the end. - murder
- sir
DO’S AND DON’TS - father
- Do: Use formal language without abbreviations - here
or contractions. - where
- Don’t: Include unnecessary details; keep it
concise and relevant. - b. Silent R Before Consonants:
- "R" is also silent when it appears before a
Conclusion consonant.
A well-crafted application letter complements your - Examples:
resume, enhancing your candidacy by clearly - emergency
communicating your qualifications and enthusiasm - skirt
for the position. Make sure to personalize each
letter to make a strong impression on potential - c. Pronounced R Before Vowels:
employers. - The "R" is pronounced when it comes before a
vowel sound.
LESSON 5 - Examples:
American English vs. British English Sounds - fracture
- bravado
This overview highlights key differences between - impractical
American and British English pronunciation, - French
focusing on specific sounds and examples.
Additional Vocabulary Differences
1. American English Schwa /ə/ Sound | American English | British English |
- Definition: The schwa sound represents a |------------------|----------------|
reduction of vowel sounds in unstressed syllables. | fall | autumn |
- Examples: | French fries | chips |
- memory → /meməry/ | line | queue |
- family → /faməly/ | pants | trousers |
| Math | Maths |
Conclusion
Understanding these phonetic differences is crucial
for effective communication and comprehension in
both American and British English. Familiarity
with these sounds and vocabulary variations can
enhance language proficiency and improve
listening skills.

LESSON 6
Selected Social and Business Etiquettes in the
following countries:

I. JAPAN

1. Give and receive gifts using two

hands to show sincere appreciation.
2. Do not pat a Japanese man on the
back or shoulder; even his mother
and father might never have done so

II. SAUDI ARABIA

1. Respect prayer times: Be mindful of

prayer schedules, especially during
Ramadan.
2. Do not rush into business: Jumping
straight to business can seem
impolite. Building relationships is
given importance
3. Whether in a meeting or family
gathering, it is customary to greet the
oldest person first, showing
politeness and respect

III. UK

1. Do not wear striped neckties.

Wearing a tie with the colors and
elements of an institution to which
you do not belong is considered
offensive and in bad taste; it shows
poor manners in Britain as well.
2. Dining etiquette – Avoid placing
elbows on the table as this is a major
etiquette offence among the Brits.