Trial Examination 2022

HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced

General • Reading time – 10 minutes

Instructions • Working time – 3 hours
• Write using black pen
• Calculators approved by NESA may be used
• A reference sheet is provided at the back of this paper
• For questions in Section II, show relevant mathematical reasoning and/or calculations

Total Marks: SECTION I – 10 marks (pages 2–6)

100 • Attempt Questions 1–10
• Allow about 15 minutes for this section

SECTION II – 90 marks (pages 7–33)

• Attempt Questions 11– 31
• Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section

Students are advised that this is a trial examination only and cannot in any way guarantee the content or the format of the 2022 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced examination.
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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

SECTION I
10 marks
Attempt Questions 1–10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section
Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1–10.

1 The diagram shows a curve.

y

O x

Which type of relationship best describes the curve?

A. one-to-one
B. one-to-many
C. many-to-one
D. many-to-many

2 The graph shows a normal distribution. Approximately 99.7% of the area under the curve is bounded
by x = 25 and x = 145.

25 
What are the values of m and Var(X)?
=
A. m 60 = and Var(X ) 20
=
B. m 60 = and Var(X ) 400
=
C. m 85 = and Var(X ) 20
=
D. m 85 = and Var(X ) 400

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

2 2
3 A circle has the equation (x + 2) + (y + 3) = d.
What is the value of d such that the x-axis is a tangent to the circle?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 9

4 Phoebe wants to borrow money from the bank to buy a caravan. The table is used to calculate the
monthly repayments for the loan.
Monthly repayments
Loan term length
Amount
10 years 15 years 20 years 25 years 30 years
borrowed
$100 000 $1213.28 $955.65 $836.44 $771.82 $733.76
$110 000 $1334.60 $1051.22 $920.08 $849.00 $807.14
$120 000 $1455.96 $1146.78 $1003.37 $926.18 $880.52
$130 000 $1577.26 $1242.35 $1087.37 $1003.36 $953.89
$140 000 $1698.59 $1337.91 $1171.02 $1080.54 $1027.27
$150 000 $1819.91 $1433.48 $1254.66 $1157.72 $1100.65
$160 000 $1941.24 $1529.04 $1338.30 $1234.91 $1174.02

Phoebe is considering two options.

• Option 1: Borrow $100 000 for 20 years.
• Option 2: Borrow $110 000 for 30 years.
Phoebe calculates that she will pay more interest by choosing option 1 than choosing option 2.
Calculate the difference in interest between the two options.
A. $7 485.40
B. $79 824.80
C. $200 745.60
D. $290 570.40

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

5 Consider the two sets A = {5, 7, 9} and B = {10, 11, 12}. A number is randomly chosen from
each set.
What is the probability of selecting a number from each set that have a sum that is equal to or greater
than 20?

1
A.
9
1
B.
6
2
C.
9
1
D.
3

x 1
6 Given that f (x ) =
∫
2 1+t3
dt , what is the value of f ′(2)?

4
A. −
27
B. 0

1
C.
9
D. ln5

7 The probability distribution of a discrete random variable X is shown.

x 1 2 5 6 8
P(X = x) 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.1
If m is the mean of X, then P ( X > m ) is
A. 0.2
B. 0.6
C. 4.1
D. 19

2 2
8 Consider the graphs of y = px and y = qx + r.
The graphs will have no points of intersection for the real constants p, q and r provided that
A. r > 0 and p < q.
B. r > 0 and p > q.
C. p < 0 and q > 0 for all real values of r.
D. p > 0 and q < 0 for all real values of r.

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

9 The box-plot and cumulative frequency diagram for a dataset are shown.

O
Box-plot Cumulative frequency diagram
Which of the following frequency histograms best represents the dataset?
A. B.

C. D.

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

10 The graphs of f  (x) and g (x) are shown.

y y
y  f (x) y  g (x)

asymptote at y  0
O x O x

Which of the following best represents the graph of=y f ( g (−x ) ) ?

A. y B. y

asymptote at y  0

O x O x

C. y D. y

asymptote at y  0
O x O x

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced

Section II Answer Booklet 1

SECTION II
90 marks
Attempt Questions 11–31
Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section

Booklet 1 — Attempt Questions 11–21 (36 marks)

Booklet 2 — Attempt Questions 22–31 (54 marks)

Instructions • Answer the questions in the spaces provided. These spaces provide guidance for the expected length
of response.
• Your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or calculations.
• Extra writing space is provided on page 18 of Booklet 1. If you use this space, clearly indicate
which question you are answering.

Please turn over

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 11 (2 marks)
Solve 2 x − 3 =4. 2

Question 12 (2 marks)
The function y = f  (x) is defined as 2


 1 for −2 ≤ x ≤ 0
f (x ) =  2
− x + 1 for
 x ≥0

By sketching y = f  (x) or otherwise, write the domain and range of y = f  (x) using interval notation.

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 13 (3 marks)
sin A 1 + cos A
Prove that + 2cosecA .
= 3
1 + cos A sin A

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 14 (4 marks)
An airport scanner screens bags for prohibited items. An alarm is supposed to be triggered when a
prohibited item is detected.
On a given day, 5% of bags contain prohibited items. If a bag contains prohibited items, there is a 95%
chance that it triggers the alarm. If a bag does not contain prohibited items, there is a 2% chance that it
triggers the alarm.

(a) Complete the probability tree using the information provided. 2

alarm triggered

prohibited
5 items
100
no alarm triggered

alarm triggered
95
no
100 prohibited
items

no alarm triggered

(b) Given that a randomly selected bag triggers the alarm, what is the probability that it contains 2
a prohibited item?

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 15 (4 marks)
The heights of 30 mothers and daughters were recorded. The results are shown in the scatterplot.
The least-squares regression line on the scatterplot passes through the point (180, 184).
y

daughter’s height (cm)

184

0 180 x
mother’s height (cm)

(a) Katarina calculated that the correlation coefficient for this data set is r = –2.5. 2
Without calculating the correlation coefficient, give TWO reasons why Katarina
must be incorrect.

(b) The equation of the least-squares regression line for this data set is in the form 2
=y 0.8077x + A ,

where A is a constant. Katarina is 160 cm tall.

Use the equation of the least-squares regression line to estimate the height of Katarina’s mother.
Give your answer correct to the nearest whole number.

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 16 (3 marks)
x2
(a) Evaluate f ′(π ) given that f (x ) = . 3
cos x

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 17 (3 marks)

Let y = x ln x .
dy
(a) Show that = 1 + ln x . 1
dx

e
(b) Hence, or otherwise, evaluate
∫
1
ln x dx . 2

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 18 (5 marks)
1
2 sec 2  π x 
(a) Find the exact value of
∫
1
3
 2

 dx .

3

dy 2x
(b) Find the primitive function y given that = . 2
dx 3x 2 + 1

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 19 (3 marks)
=
The graph of y x (1 − x ) in the domain [0, 1] is shown. 3

y  x (1  x )

O 1 x

Find the area of the shaded region.

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 20 (3 marks)
A basketball player shoots a ball from a height of 2 metres into a hoop 14 metres away. The hoop 3
3 metres from the ground. After moving 5 metres horizontally, the ball reaches a height of 4 metres
from the ground. This information is shown in the diagram.

4m NOT TO
3m SCALE
2m

5m

14 m
The path of the ball can be modelled by the quadratic function
y = ax 2 + bx + c ,

where y represents the height of the ball from the ground, x is the horizontal displacement from
the basketball player, and a, b and c are constants.
Find the values of a, b and c that best model the path of the ball.

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 21 (4 marks)
A company made a revenue of $200 000 in 2021. To maintain sustainable growth of the company,
the executive team is considering two models to increase its revenue.
• Model A would increase the yearly revenue by 10% of the previous year’s revenue.
• Model B would increase the yearly revenue by a fixed amount, $M.

(a) If the company chooses model A, show that the company would make a revenue 2
of $292 820 in 2025.

(b) If the company chooses model B, find the value of M such that the company’s 2
revenue is $292 820 in 2025.

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Section II extra writing space

If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering.

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced

Section II Answer Booklet 2

Booklet 2 — Attempt Questions 22–31 (54 marks)

Instructions • Answer the questions in the spaces provided. These spaces provide guidance for the expected length
of response.
• Your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or calculations.
• Extra writing space is provided on pages 34–36 of Booklet 2. If you use this space, clearly indicate
which question you are answering.

Please turn over

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 22 (2 marks)
Archaeologists are excavating a rectangular site with dimensions of 150 metres by 60 metres.
The shaded region indicates the portion of the site that has been excavated.

33 m
25 m
18 m
60 m NOT TO
18 m SCALE
17 m
26 m

150 m

Use the trapezoidal rule to best approximate the total area that has been excavated. Give your answer 2
correct to the nearest whole number.

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 23 (5 marks)
A hiker starts from point P and walks 100 metres along a straight path to the north-east, arriving at point Q.
A peak is located at point R, which is directly above point X. From point P, the angle of elevation to
peak R is 10°. At point Q, the angle of elevation to the peak is 5°.
R
NW

h
NE
NOT TO
5° Q SCALE
X

10°

m
0
10
P
(a) =
Show that X P h cot10° and find a similar expression for XQ. 2

(b) Hence, find the value of h. Give your answer correct to the nearest metre. 3

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 24 (7 marks)
On a given day, the height of the water in a river is modelled by the function
 πt 
h(t )= 5 + 3sin   ,
 4
where h is the height of the water, in metres, and t is the time, in hours, after 12 am.

(a) What is the height of the water at 12 am? 1

 πt 
(b) Sketch the graph of h(t )= 5 + 3sin   in the domain [0, 24]. 3
 4

Question 24 continues on page 23

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 24 (continued)

(c) A family decides to go on a picnic by the river from 12 pm to 2 pm. It is only safe to swim 3
in the river if the height of the water is less than 4 metres.
When is the earliest time the family can swim in the river after 12 pm? Give your answer
correct to the nearest minute.

End of Question 24

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 25 (4 marks)

The graph of y = f (x ) in the domain (−∞, ∞) is shown. 4

y

 1
 1, 2 
 

0 x

 1
 1,  2 
 

y = f (x ) has the following key features.

• The graph passes through the origin.

 1
• There is a maximum turning point at  1,  .
 2
 1
• There is a minimum turning point at  −1, −  .
 2 
• The x-axis is a horizontal asymptote.
x 
−2 f   + 1, labelling any intercepts, asymptotes and turning points.
Sketch the graph of y =
3
y

O x

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 26 (11 marks)

2x
Consider the function y = x .
e
It is known that as x → ∞, y → 0 and as x → −∞, y → ∞.

(a) Find the x- and y-intercepts. 1

2x
(b) Find and classify any turning points on y = . 3
ex

Question 26 continues on page 26

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 26 (continued)

 4 
(c) Show that a point of inflection occurs at  2, . 3
 e2 

2x
(d) Sketch the graph of y = x , labelling all important features. 4
e
y

O x

End of Question 26

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 27 (3 marks)
The time, in minutes, between the arrival of customers at an Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is 3
represented by the variable, t, which is a continuous random variable modelled by the probability
density function

 −t
1 3 t ≥0
f (t ) =  3 e

 0 otherwise

Find the median time between the arrival of customers at the ATM. Give your answer correct to the
nearest minute.

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 28 (5 marks)
A particle moves in a straight line such that its displacement is given by the function
3
x= 2 − ,
t +1
where x is the particle’s displacement from the origin, in metres, and t is the time, in seconds.

(a) What is the initial displacement of the particle? 1

(b) Find the expressions for the velocity and acceleration of the particle in terms of t. 2

(c) As t increases indefinitely, describe the motion of the particle with reference to its displacement 2
and velocity.

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 29 (3 marks)
An equilateral triangle has a perimeter of p cm. The midpoints of each side are connected to form another
triangle. This pattern can continue for an infinite number of times, as shown in the diagram.

p
(a) Show that the perimeter of the nth triangle is . 2
2 n −1

(b) Find an expression in terms of p that represents the total perimeter of all the triangles. 1

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 30 (7 marks)
A simple dartboard consists of three sections: the centre circle, middle section and outer section.
The sections have a radius of 2 cm, 5 cm and 20 cm respectively, as shown in the diagram.

5 cm

2 cm NOT TO
SCALE
20 cm

After a player has thrown their dart, they are awarded a score according to the landing position of their
dart on the dartboard. The table shows the scores awarded for each landing position.

Landing position Score

centre circle 100
middle section 20
outer section 5

Assume that all darts thrown will hit the board and no darts will land on the lines.

(a) Paula, who is new to playing darts, throws a dart so that it lands somewhere on the board.
1
Show that the probability that Paula’s dart will land in the centre circle is . 1
100

(b) Paula has two attempts at throwing a dart at the board. On one of her attempts, Paula’s dart 2
lands in the centre circle. On another attempt, her dart lands in the outer section.
3
Show that the probability that this occurs, in any order, is .
160

Question 30 continues on page 31

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 30 (continued)

Let X be a discrete random variable that represents the number of points scored after two attempts at
throwing a dart at the board. The probability distribution table is shown.

x 10 25 40 105 120 200

225 63 441 3 21 1
P(X = x)
256 640 160 000 160 20 000 10 000

An amateur dart player is throwing two darts to achieve a score. Assume the probability distribution table
models the amateur player’s likelihood of landing a dart in a specific section.

(c) Calculate the expected value of the probability distribution. 1

(d) Calculate the standard deviation of the probability distribution. Give your answer correct 3
to two decimal places.

End of Question 30

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 31 (7 marks)
A new whiteboard is being moved into a classroom. The whiteboard must be taken from the entrance,
through the school’s corridors and into the classroom. Two of the corridors are perpendicular to each
other. The first corridor is 3 metres wide and the second corridor is 4 metres wide, as shown in the
diagram. The length of the whiteboard is shown using L.

4m classroom
L


3m

entrance

The whiteboard makes an angle q to the horizontal on the corner of the corridors such that 0° < q < 90°.
3 4
(a) Show that the length of the whiteboard, L, is + . 2
cosq sin q

Question 31 continues on page 33

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Question 31 (continued)

(b) What is the maximum possible length of the whiteboard that can be carried around the corner? 5

End of paper

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Section II extra writing space

If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering.

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Section II extra writing space

If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering.

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Section II extra writing space

If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering.

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

MATHEMATICS ADVANCED
MATHEMATICS EXTENSION 1
MATHEMATICS EXTENSION 2
REFERENCE SHEET
Measurement Financial Mathematics
n
Length A P (1 + r )
=
q
=l × 2π r
360 Sequences and series
Tn =a + ( n − 1) d
Area
q n n
A
= ×π r2 Sn = 2a + ( n − 1) d  = (a + l )
360 2 2

h Tn = ar n −1
A
= (a + b )
2

Surface area a (1 − r n ) a ( r n − 1)
=Sn = , r ≠1
1− r r −1
=A 2π r 2 + 2π rh
a
A = 4π r 2 =S , r <1
1− r

Volume
1
V= Ah
3 Logarithmic and exponential functions

4 log a a x= x= a log a x
V = π r3
3
logb x
loga x =
logb a
Functions
ax = e x ln a
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
x=
2a

For ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d =
0:
b
α + β + γ =−
a
c
αβ + αγ + βγ =
a
d
and αβγ = −
a

Relations

( x − h )2 + ( y − k )2 =
r2

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Trigonometric Functions Statistical Analysis

opp adj opp
sin A
= = , cosA = , tan A An outlier is a score
hyp hyp adj x−m less than Q1 – 1.5 × IQR
z=
1 σ or
A = ab sin C
2 more than Q3 – 1.5 × IQR
 2 45°
a b c 1 Normal distribution
= = 45°
sin A sin B sin C
1
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos C
a 2 + b2 − c2 30°
cos C =
2ab  3
l = rq z
– – –    
1 60°
A = r 2q • approximately 68% of scores have z-scores
2 1
between –1 and 1
Trigonometric identities • approximately 95% of scores have z-scores
1 between –2 and 2
=sec A , cosA ≠ 0
cos A • approximately 99.7% of scores have z-scores
1 between –3 and 3
=cosecA , sinA ≠ 0
sin A E( X ) = m

=cotA
cos A
sin A
, sin A ≠ 0 Var( X ) = E ( X − m ) 2  = E X 2 − m 2
  ( )
Probability
cos 2 x + sin 2 x =
1
P( A ∩ B) = P(A ) P( B )
Compound angles
P ( A ∪ B )= P (A ) + P ( B ) − P ( A ∩ B )
sin( A=+ B ) sin A cos B + cos A sin B
cos( A
= + B ) cos A cos B − sin A sin B P( A ∩ B)
P( A | B)
= , P( B) ≠ 0
P( B)
tan A + tan B
tan( A + B ) = Continuous random variables
1 − tan A tan B
r
A
If t = tan then sin A =
2t
∫
P ( X ≤ r ) = f ( x)dx
a
2 1+ t2
b

cos A =
1− t2 P (a < X < b) = f ( x)dx
∫ a
1+ t2
Binomial distribution
2t
tan A = P (X= r=
) n
C r p r (1 − p )n − r
1− t2
1 X  Bin ( n, p )
cos A cos
= B [cos( A − B) + cos( A + B)]
2 ⇒ P (X =
x)
1 n
sin A sin
= B [cos( A − B) − cos( A + B)] =  p x (1 − p )n − x , x =0, 1, , n
2 x 
1
sin A cos
= B [sin( A + B) + sin( A − B)] E ( X ) = np
2
Var(=
X ) np (1 − p )
1
cos A sin
= B [sin( A + B) − sin( A − B)]
2
1
sin 2 =
nx (1 − cos 2nx)
2
1
cos 2 =
nx (1 + cos 2nx)
2

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Differential Calculus Integral Calculus

Function Derivative 1
∫ [ f (x )]n + 1 + c
n
′(x ) [ f (x )] dx
f=
dy n −1 n +1
y = f ( x)n nf ′(x )  f ( x ) 
dx where n ≠ −1

y = uv dy dv du
= u +v
dx dx dx
∫ f ′(x )sin f (x ) dx =
− cos f (x ) + c
dy dy du
= (u ) where u f ( x)
y g= = ×
dx du dx
du dv
∫ f ′(x )cos f=
(x ) dx sin f (x ) + c
u v −u
y= dy
v = dx 2 dx
dx v
∫ f ′(x )sec
2
(x ) dx tan f (x ) + c
f=
dy
y = sin f ( x) = f ′( x) cos f ( x)
dx
∫ f ′(x )e
f (x )
dx e f ( x ) + c
=
dy
y = cos f ( x) = − f ′( x)sin f ( x)
dx
f ′(x )
y = tan f ( x)
dy
= f ′( x)sec 2 f ( x) ∫ =
f (x )
dx ln f (x ) + c
dx
dy
= f ′( x)e f ( x ) a f (x )
y = e f (x )
∫ f ′(x )a f (=
x)
dx +c
dx ln a
dy f ′( x) f ′(x ) f (x )
y = ln f ( x) =
dx f ( x) ∫ =
a − [ f ( x )]
2 2
dx sin −1
a
+c

dy
y = a f ( x) = (ln a ) f ′( x)a f ( x )
dx f ′(x ) 1 −1 f (x )
dy f ′( x)
∫a 2
=
+ [ f ( x )]
2
dx
a
tan
a
+c
y = log a f ( x) =
dx (ln a ) f ( x)

f ′( x) dv du
y = sin −1
f ( x)
dy
dx
=
1 − [ f ( x)]
2 ∫ u dx dx= uv − v
∫ dx
dx

y = cos −1 f ( x)
dy
dx
= −
f ′( x)
2
∫ a
f (x ) dx
1 − [ f ( x)] b −a
≈
2n
{
f (a) + f (b ) + 2  f ( x1 ) +  + f ( x n −1 )  }
dy f ′(x )
y = tan −1 f ( x) = where a x=
= 0 and b x n
dx 1 + [ f (x )]2

Copyright © 2022 Neap Education Pty Ltd TENMAdv_QA_2022 39

HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination

Combinatorics
n n!
Pr =
(n − r )!

n n n!
=  Cr
=
r  r !(n − r )!

n n
(x + a)n = x n +   x n −1a +  +   x n − r a r +  + an
1  r 
Vectors

u = xi + xj = x 2 + y 2
  
v u v cos=
u ⋅= q x1x 2 + y 1y 2 ,
   
where =u x1i + y 1 j
  
and =
v x2i + y 2 j
  
r= a + λb
  
Complex Numbers
z =a + ib =r ( cosq + i sin q )
= re iq
n
 r ( cosq + i sin q )  = r n (cos nq + i sin nq )

= r ne inq
Mechanics
d 2 x dv dv d  1 2 
= = v = v
dt 2 dt dx dx  2 

=x a cos(nt + α ) + c

x a sin(nt + α ) + c
=

−n 2 (x − c )
x =

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Trial Examination 2022

HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced

Solutions and Marking Guidelines

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

SECTION I
Syllabus content, outcomes
Answer and explanation
and targeted performance bands
Question 1 D MA–F1 Working with Functions
D is correct. A many-to-many relationship is a relationship MA11–1 Band 3
where one x-value maps to multiple y-values and one y-value is
mapped from multiple x-values, as is the case with an ellipse.
Hence, the diagram represents a many-to-many relationship.
A and C are incorrect. These terms refer to functions. The
ellipse clearly fails the vertical line test. Hence, the diagram
does not represent a one-to-one or many-to-one relationship.
B is incorrect. There are y-values that are mapped from
multiple x-values. Therefore, the diagram does not represent
a one-to-many relationship.

Question 2   D MA–S3 Random Variables

145 + 25 MA12–10 Band 3
m=
2
= 85
Since it represents 99.7% of the area under the entire curve,
the empirical rule states that the area bounded encompasses
three standard deviations from the mean.
85 − 25
σ=
3
= 20

Var(X ) = σ 2
= 20 2
= 400

Question 3   D MA–F1 Working with Functions

MA11–2 Bands 3– 4
The equation (x + 2)2 + ( y + 3)2 =
d represents a circle with
its centre at (–2, –3) and a radius of d , as shown below.
y

x
d
C (–2, –3)

For the x-axis to be a tangent to the circle, the diagram shows

that the radius of the circle must be 3 units in length.
d =3
d =9

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes

Answer and explanation
and targeted performance bands
Question 4   B MA–M1 Modelling Financial Situations
From the table, the monthly repayment is $836.44 for option 1 MA12–10 Bands 3– 4
and $807.14 for option 2.
total amount of interest paid for option 1:
=interest total amount − loan
= (836.44 × 12 × 20) − 100 000
= $100 745.60
total amount of interest paid for option 2:
=interest total amount − loan
= (807.14 × 12 × 30) − 110 000
= $180 570.40
difference in interest:
180 570.40 – 100 745.60 = $79 824.80
Question 5   C MA–S1 Probability and Discrete
Method 1: Probability Distributions
P (sum=≥ 20) P (9 and 11) + P (9 and 12) MA11–7 Band 4

1 1 1 1
= × + × 
3 3 3 3
2
=
9
Method 2:
The total number of elements in the sample space is 3 × 3 = 9.
There are only two cases where the sum will be greater than
20. They are obtaining either 9 and 11 or 9 and 12.
2
P (sum ≥ 20) =
9
Question 6   C MA–C4 Integral Calculus
x MA12–3 Bands 5– 6
1
Given that f (x ) =
∫ 2 1+t3
dt , using the fundamental theorem

of calculus gives:
d  x 1 
f ′(x ) = 
dx  ∫
2 1+t
dt 
3

1
=
1+ x3
Hence:
1
f ′(2) =
1 + 23
1
=
9

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes

Answer and explanation
and targeted performance bands
Question 7   A MA–S1 Probability and Discrete
Recall that m and E(X) are equivalent. Probability Distributions
E (X ) = Σxp (x ) MA11–7 Band 4

= (1 × 0.1) + ( 2 × 0.3 ) + ( 5 × 0.6 ) + ( 6 × 0.1) + ( 8 × 0.1)

= 5.1
P (X > 5.1) =P (x =6) + P (x =8)
= 0.1 + 0.1
= 0.2
Question 8   A MA–F1 Working with Functions
Method 1: MA11–9 Band 5
Finding the points of intersection between the two curves gives:
2
px
= qx 2 + r
px 2 − qx 2 − r =0
( p − q ) x 2 − r =0
If there are no points of intersection, then ∆ < 0.
∆= b 2 − 4ac
( 0 )2 − 4 ( p − q )( − r )
=
= 4r ( p − q )
4r ( p − q ) < 0

4r ( p − q ) is a negative value.
If r > 0 :
p −q < 0
∴ p <q
Hence, option A is the only option that represents these
conditions.
Method 2:
A is correct. This can be found by checking each option by
drawing two parabolas and assigning values for p, r and q.
Substituting= p 2,= q 3 and= r 1 will describe a situation
where both parabolas will not intersect.
B is incorrect. The two parabolas will intersect if p = 3, q = 2
and r = 1.
C is incorrect. The two parabolas will intersect if p = –1,
q = 1 and r = 0.
D is incorrect. The two parabolas will intersect if p = 1,
q = –1 and r = 0.

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes

Answer and explanation
and targeted performance bands
Question 9   C MA–S2 Descriptive Statistics and
C is correct. The box-plot indicates the data set has a Bivariate Data Analysis
symmetrical distribution. The curvature of the cumulative MA12–10 Bands 5– 6
frequency diagram indicates that it is increasing at a decreasing
rate up until the inflection point. After this, it increases at an
increasing rate. The histogram in option C best represents
this information as the frequencies are increasing at a
decreasing rate as they move towards the centre, after which
the frequencies increase at an increasing rate.
A is incorrect. The cumulative frequency diagram for this
histogram would be a diagonal line, as shown below. This
is because the same frequency is added throughout the
distribution.

O
B is incorrect. The cumulative frequency diagram for this
histogram would increase at an increasing rate then increase
at a decreasing rate, as shown below.

O
D is incorrect. This histogram does not represent a
symmetrical distribution, as shown by the box-plot.

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes

Answer and explanation
and targeted performance bands
Question 10   D MA–F1 Working with Functions
Method 1: MA11–9, 12–10 Bands 5– 6
D is correct. Examining the behaviour of= (
y f g ( −x ) for )
both positive and negative values of x finds the following.
• (
When x = 1, g (− x ) = g (−1) > 0. Hence, f g ( −1) > 0, )
since f (x ) > 0 for x > 0.
• When x = –1, g (− x )= g (1) > 0. Hence, f ( g (1) ) > 0
for the same reason that f (x ) > 0 for x > 0.
• When x = 0, g (0) > 0. Hence, f ( g (0) ) > 0.
Therefore, the graph of= ( )
y f g ( −x ) must be above the
x-axis for all values of x.
Examining the behaviour of = ( )
y f g ( −x ) at the extremities
finds that when x → −∞, g ( − x )= g (∞) → ∞. Hence,
f ( g ( −x ) ) → ∞ since f (x ) → ∞ as x → ∞.
Therefore, the graph of= ( )
y f g ( −x ) → ∞ as x → −∞.
A and C are incorrect. The graphs exist below the x-axis.
(
B is incorrect. When x → −∞, f g ( −x ) → 0. )
Method 2:
As f (x ) resembles y = x 3 and g (x ) resembles y = e x :
3
(e −x )
f ( g ( −x ) ) =
= e −3x
Therefore, This graph should behave like an exponential
function in the form y = e −3x . Option D best represents
this information.

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

SECTION II
Syllabus content, outcomes, targeted
Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
Question 11   
2x − 3 =
4 MA–F1 Working with Functions
MA11–2 Band 3
2x − 3 =4
• Provides the correct solutions. . . . . 2
2x = 7
7 • Develops a linear equation AND
x=
2 provides its correct solution. . . . . . . 1
−(2 x − 3) = 4
2 x − 3 =−4
2 x = −1
1
x= −
2
7 1
∴x =,
2 2

Question 12   
A sketch of y = f (x ) is shown. MA–F1 Working with Functions
y MA11–2, 11–9 Bands 3– 4
• Provides the correct
4
domain AND range
using interval notation. . . . . . . . . . . 2
2
• Provides the correct
domain OR range
using interval notation . . . . . . . . . . 1
–2 0 2 4 x

–2

–4
From the graph, the domain is [–2, ∞) and the range is (–∞, 1].

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes, targeted

Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
Question 13   
sin A 1 + cos A MA–T2 Trigonometric Functions and
LHS
= + Identities
1 + cos A sin A
2 MA11– 4 Bands 3– 4
=
sin 2 A
+
(1 + cos A ) • Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 3
sin A (1 + cos A ) sin A (1 + cos A )
2
sin 2 A + (1 + cos A ) • Combines the fractions
= together AND applies
sin A (1 + cos A )
trigonometric identities
sin 2 A + (1 + 2 cos A + cos 2 A ) to assist with the proof
= of the expression.
sin A (1 + cos A )
OR
2 + 2 cos A ( since sin 2 A + cos2 A 1)
= • Equivalent merit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
sin A (1 + cos A )
2 (1 + cos A ) • Combines the fractions together.
=
sin A (1 + cos A ) OR
2 • Equivalent merit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
=
sin A
= 2cosecA
= RHS

Question 14   
95 MA–S1 Probability and Discrete
(a) alarm triggered
100 Probability Distributions
5 prohibited MA11–7 Bands 3– 4
100 items • Provides FOUR correct values . . . . 2
5 no alarm triggered
100
• Provides at least TWO
2
alarm triggered correct values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
100
95 no
100 prohibited
items 98 no alarm triggered
100

P ( prohibited ∩ alarm ) MA–S1 Probability and Discrete

(b) P ( prohibited | alarm ) = Probability Distributions
P ( alarm )
MA11–8 Band 4
 5 95  • Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 2
 100 × 100 
=  
 5 95   95 2  • Indicates the use
 100 × 100  +  100 × 100  of the conditional
   
5 probability formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
=
7

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes, targeted

Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
Question 15   
(a) Katarina is incorrect because a correlation coefficient MA–S2 Descriptive Statistics and
is a value between −1 ≤ r ≤ 1. A value of r = –2.5 Bivariate Data Analysis
exists outside this restriction. MA12–10 Bands 3– 4
She is also incorrect because the scatter plot indicates • Provides TWO valid reasons. . . . . . 2
that there is a positive correlation. Hence, the
correlation coefficient should have a positive value • Provides ONE valid reason. . . . . . . 1
between 0 < r < 1.

=
(b) y 0.8077x + A MA–S2 Descriptive Statistics and
Bivariate Data Analysis
Using the point (180, 184):
MA12–9 Bands 3– 4
=184 0.8077 (180 ) + A • Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 2
184 145.386 + A
=
A = 38.614 • Finds the value of A. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Hence, the least-squares regression line is
=y 0.8077x + 38.614.
When y = 160:
160 0.8077x + 38.614
=
x = 150.285...
Therefore, Katarina’s mother is approximately
150 cm tall.
Question 16   
x2 MA– C2 Differential Calculus
(a) f (x ) = MA12– 6 Bands 3– 4
cos x
• Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 3
( cos x ) ( 2 x ) − ( x 2 ) ( − sin x )
f ′(x ) =
cos 2 x • Substitutes x = π into f ′(x ) . . . . . . 2
x (2 cos x + x sin x )
=
cos 2 x • Uses the quotient rule
π (2 cos π + π sin π ) to differentiate f (x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
f ′(π ) =
cos 2 π
π (−2 + 0)
=
(−1)2
= −2π

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes, targeted

Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
Question 17   
(a) y = x ln x MA– C3 Applications of Differentiation
MA12–3 Bands 3– 4
dy 1 • Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 1
= (x )   + (ln x )(1)
dx x 
= 1 + ln x
dy MA– C4 Integral Calculus
(b) If y = x ln x , = 1 + ln x (from part (a)).
dx MA12–10 Band 4
Using the fundamental theorem of calculus: • Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 2
e
∫ (1 + ln x )dx =
e
[ x ln x ] 1 • Applies the fundamental
1
e e theorem of calculus to the
∫ 1dx + ∫ ln x dx =
e
[ x ln x ] 1
solution found in part (a). . . . . . . . . 1
1 1
e e
∫= ∫
e
ln x dx [ x ln x ] − 1dx1
1 1

= [ x ln x ] − [ x ]1e
e
1
= ( e ln e − 1ln1) − ( e − 1)
=e − ( e − 1)
=1
Note: Consequential on answer to Question 17(a).

Question 18   
1 MA– C4 Integral Calculus
2 sec 2  π x 
(a) I=
∫1
3
 2



MA12–7 Bands 3– 4
• Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 3
1
 1  π x  2 • Substitutes the boundaries AND
= tan  
π  2  simplifies the anti-derivative. . . . . . 2
  
  2   1
3 • Finds the anti-derivative . . . . . . . . . 1
1
2  πx 
 2
= tan
π   2   1
3
2 π π
=  tan − tan 
π 4 6
2 1 
= 1 − 
π 3

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes, targeted

Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
dy 2x MA– C4 Integral Calculus
(b) = MA12–3 Bands 3– 4
dx 3x 2 + 1
• Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 2
2x
y=
∫
3x 2 + 1
dx
• Manipulates the integrand into the
1 6x
=
3 3x 2 + 1 ∫
dx
form
f ′(x )
f (x )
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1
= ln 3x 2 + 1 + C
3

Question 19   
1 MA–C4 Integral Calculus
=A
∫0
x (1 − x ) dx MA12–10 Band 4
• Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 3
1
=
∫0
x − x x dx
• Finds the anti-derivative . . . . . . . . . 2
1 3
1
=
∫0
x2 −x2 dx
• Expresses the integrand
n
1 in the form x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
 3 5
 2 2 2 2
= x − x
 3 5  0
2 2
=  −  − (0 − 0)
3 5
4
= units 2
15

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes, targeted

Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
Question 20   
MA–F1 Working with Functions
The parabola has the equation y = ax 2 + bx + c . The following
MA11–8, 11–9 Band 4
diagram shows a cartesian plane assigned to the diagram.
• Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 3
y

4 • Finds the value of c and

develops simultaneous
3 equations to solve for a and b. . . . . 2

NOT TO
2 • Finds the value of c. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
SCALE

O x
5 14
The ball passes through the points (0, 2), (5, 4) and
(14, 3).
Substituting (0, 2) gives:
2 = a(0)2 + b (0) + c
c =2
Hence, the equation is now represented as y = ax 2 + bx + 2.
Substituting (5, 4) gives:
4 = a(5)2 + b (5) + 2
2 25a + 5b
=
2 − 5b
a= (equation 1)
25
Substitution (14, 3) gives:
3 = a(14)2 + b (14) + 2
=1 196a + 14b (equation 2)
Substituting equation 1 into equation 2 gives:
 2 − 5b 
= 1 196   + 14b
 25 
25= 196 ( 2 − 5b ) + 350b
25 =392 − 980b + 350b
−367 =−630b
367
b=
630
(continues on next page)

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes, targeted

Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
(continued)
Substituting the value of b into equation 1 gives:
 367 
2 − 5 
a=  630 
25
23
= −
630
23 2 367
Therefore, y =
− x + x + 2.
630 630
Question 21   
(a) Method 1: MA–M1 Modelling Financial Situations
Model A represents a geometric sequence where MA12– 4 Bands 3– 4
• Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 2
110
a = 200 000 and=r = 1.1. Hence, the general
100
n −1 • Finds the general term Tn.
term is T n = 200 000(1.1) .
OR
For the year 2025, let n = 5. • Equivalent merit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

T 5 = 200 000(1.1)5−1
= 292 820
Method 2:
A P (1 + r )n
=
= 200 000(1 + 0.1)4
= 292 820
(b) Model B represents an arithmetic sequence where MA–M1 Modelling Financial Situations
a = 200 000 and d = M. Hence, the general term MA12–2 Band 4
T n 200 000 + (n − 1)M .
is= • Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 2
Since T 5 = 292 820:
292=820 200 000 + (5 − 1)M • Finds the general term Tn. . . . . . . . . 1
92 820 = 4 M
M = $23 205

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes, targeted

Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
Question 22   
The shaded region is described by the table of values below. MA– C4 Integral Calculus
MA12–3 Bands 3– 4
x 0 37.5 75 112.5 150
• Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 2
y 0 42 59 36 0
Applying the formula for the trapezoidal rule using • Provides a correct
n = 4 to find the approximate area: table of values with
b −a function values.
A≈
2n
{ }
f (a) + f (b ) + 2  f ( x 1 ) + ... + f ( x n −1 )  OR
150 − 0 • Equivalent merit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
≈ {0 + 0 + 2(42 + 59 + 36)}
2(4)
≈ 5137.5 m 2

Question 23   
(a) As ∆RPX is a right-angled triangle: MA–T1 Trigonometry and Measure of
Angles
RX MA11–3, 12–1 Bands 3– 4
tan10° =
XP • Shows that= X P h cot10°.
h AND
tan10° =
XP • Finds the expression for XQ . . . . . . 2
h
XP =
tan10° • =
Shows that X P h cot10° . . . . . . . . 1
∴X=P h cot10°
As ∆RQX is a right-angled triangle:
h
tan 5° =
XQ
X Q h cot 25°
=

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

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Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide

(b) Using Pythagoras’ theorem in ∆X PQ : MA–T1 Trigonometry and Measure

of Angles
X P 2 + PQ 2 =
XQ2 MA12–9 Bands 3– 4
• Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 3
( h cot10° ) + (100
= )2 ( h cot 5° )2
h 2 cot 2 10° +=
10 000 h 2 cot 2 5° •
2
Makes h the subject. . . . . . . . . . . . 2
10 000 h 2 cot 2 5° − h 2 cot10°
=
• Applies Pythagoras’ theorem
10 000 h 2 ( cot 2 5° − cot 2 10° )
= to ∆X PQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
10 000
h2 =
cot 5° − cot 2 10°
2

10 000
h=
cot 5° − cot 2 10°
2

= 10 m
Question 24   
(a) When t = 0: MA–T3 Trigonometric Functions and
π  Graphs
h= 5 + 3sin  × 0  MA12–5 Bands 2–3
4 
• Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 1
= 5 + 3sin 0
=5m

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

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Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
(b) Finding the period: MA–T3 Trigonometric Functions and
2π Graphs
T = MA12–5 Band 4
n
2π • Sketches a graph that shows all
= THREE of:
π 
4 − the period
 
− the maximum and
=8 minimum values
The amplitude is 3. Hence, the maximum value is − the correct graph shape������������� 3
5 + 3 = 8 and the minimum value is 5 – 3 = 2.
h • Any TWO of the above points. . . . . 2
8
• Any ONE of the above points. . . . . 1
5

0 8 16 24 t

(c) When h = 4: MA–T3 Trigonometric Functions and

π  Graphs
4= 5 + 3sin  t  MA12–1, 12–5, 12–10 Bands 4–5
4 
• Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 3
1 π 
− = sin  t 
3 4  • Solves the trigonometric equation
π  1 for possible values of t. . . . . . . . . . . 2
= t sin −1  − 
4  3
π • Substitutes h = 4 to develop
(π + 0.3398) , ( 2π − 0.3398) , ( 3π + 0.3398) ,
t=
a trigonometric equation. . . . . . . . . 1
4
( 4π − 0.3398) , 
π π
t= (π + 0.3398) , ( 2π − 0.3398) ,
4 4
π π
( 3π + 0.3398) , ( 4π − 0.3398) , 
4 4
= 4.433 hours, 5.851 hours,
12.43 hours, 15.57 hours, 
Since the family will be by the river between 12 pm to
2 pm, the solution t = 12.43 indicates the first time the
family is safe to swim in the river.
As 12.43 hours = 12 hours and 26 minutes, the earliest
time the family can swim in the river is 12:26 pm.

16 TENMAdv_SS_2022 Copyright © 2022 Neap Education Pty Ltd

 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes, targeted

Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
Question 25   
(a) y MA–F2 Graphing Techniques
MA12–1 Bands 4–5
(–3, 2)
• Sketches a graph that shows all
FOUR of:
(0, 1) − a reflection about the x-axis
y 1
− a vertical dilation with scale
O x factor of 2
(3, 0)
− a horizontal dilation with
scale factor of 3
− a vertical translation
of one unit upwards ����������������� 4

• Any THREE of the above points. . . 3

• Any TWO of the above points. . . . . 2

• Any ONE of the above points. . . . . 1

Question 26   
(a) To find the x-intercepts, let y = 0. MA–C3 Applications of Differentiation
2x MA12–3 Bands 2–3
0= • Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 1
ex
0 = 2x
x =0
Therefore, the x-intercept is (0, 0).

To find the y-intercepts, let x = 0.

2(0)
y=
e0
=0
Therefore, the y-intercept is (0, 0).
2x
Hence, y = x only has one intercept at the origin.
e

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes, targeted

Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
2x MA– C3 Applications of Differentiation
(b) y= MA12–6 Bands 4–5
ex
dy ( e x ) (2) − (2 x ) ( e x ) • Tests and determines the nature of
=
dx ( e x )2  2
the stationary point  1,  . . . . . . . 3
2e x (1 − x )  e
=
e 2x
• Finds the stationary
2 (1 − x )
=  2
ex point at  1,  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
dy  e
For stationary points, = 0.
dx
• Finds the derivative. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 (1 − x )
0=
ex
1− x =
0
x =1
When x = 1:
2(1)
y=
e1
2
=
e
Determining the nature of the stationary point using the
first derivative table gives:
x 0 1 2
dy 2
2 (positive) 0 − (negative)
dx e2

 2
Hence, the turning point  1,  is a maximum turning
 e
point.

18 TENMAdv_SS_2022 Copyright © 2022 Neap Education Pty Ltd

 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes, targeted

Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
dy 2 (1 − x ) MA–C3 Applications of Differentiation
(c) = MA12–10 Bands 4–5
dx ex
d 2y  ( e x ) (−1) − (1 − x ) ( e x )  • Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 3
= 2 
2
dx  e 2x 
• Finds a possible point of inflection
 xe x − 2e x 
= 2   4 
 e 2x  occurs at  2, 2  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
   e 
x −2
= 2 
 ex  • Finds the second derivative. . . . . . . 1
d 2y
For possible points of inflection, = 0.
dx 2
x −2
0 = 2 
 ex 
x −2 = 0
x =2
When x = 2:
2(2)
y=
e2
4
=
e2
Testing the point of inflection using the second
derivative table gives:
x 1 2 3
2 2
d 2y −
e 0 e3
dx 2
(negative) (positive)
 4 
As there is a change in concavity,  2,  is a point of
inflection.  e2 

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes, targeted

Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
(d) y MA– C3 Applications of Differentiation
MA12–10 Band 4
• Sketches a graph that shows all
 2 FOUR of:
 1, e   4  − the intercepts
   2, 
 e2  − the maximum turning point
O x − the point of inflection
− the correct behaviour
as x → ±∞ ������������������������������� 4

• Any THREE of the above points. . . 3

• Any TWO of the above points. . . . . 2

• Any ONE of the above points. . . . . 1

Question 27   
Let F(x) be the cumulative distribution function. MA–S3 Random Variables
x1 −
t MA12–8 Band 4
F (x ) =
∫
0 3
3
e dt • Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 3
x
 t
1 −  • Makes valid progress in solving
= −3 e 3  F(x) = 0.5 for the median time. . . . . 2
3 
 0
 −x  • Finds the cumulative
− e 3 − e 0 
= distribution function . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

− ( e − 1)
x
−
= 3

x
−
= 1−e 3

For the median time taken, let F(x) = 0.5.

x
−
0.5= 1 − e 3

x
−
−0.5 =
−e 3

x
−
0.5 = e 3

ln 0.5 = ln ( e )
x
−
3

x
ln 0.5 = −
3
x = −3ln 0.5
= 2.079...
Therefore, the median time taken is 2 minutes.

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes, targeted

Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
Question 28   
(a) When t = 0: MA– C1 Introduction to Differentiation
MA11–5 Band 3
2(0) − 1
x= • Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 1
0 +1
= −1
Hence, the particle is initially one metre to the left
of the origin.

−1 MA– C1 Introduction to Differentiation

(b) x=2 − 3 (t + 1)
MA11–5 Bands 3– 4
−2
v 3 (t + 1)
= • Finds the expression
for v AND a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3
=
(t + 1)2 • Finds the expression
−3 for v OR a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
−6 (t + 1)
a=
−6
=
(t + 1)3
(c) As t → ∞, x → 2 − 0 =2. Hence, the particle MA– C1 Introduction to Differentiation
approaches x = 2 m. MA11–9 Bands 4 –5
• Describes the particle’s
As t → ∞, v → 0. Hence, the particle’s velocity is
–1 displacement AND velocity
slowing down and approaching 0 m s . as t → ∞ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
As t increases indefinitely, the particle is approaching
x = 2 m with decreasing speed. • Describes the particle’s
displacement OR velocity
as t → ∞ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Question 29   
(a) The perimeters of the triangles form a geometric MA–M1 Modelling Financial Situations
1 MA12– 4 Bands 4 –5
sequence where a = p and r = . • Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 2
2
Let pn represent the perimeter of the nth triangle.
• Finds an expression for pn.
n −1 OR
p n = ar
n −1 • Equivalent merit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1
= p 
2
 1n − 1 
= p 
 2n − 1 
 
p ( since 1n − 1 1)
= =
n −1
2

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes, targeted

Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
a MA–M1 Modelling Financial Situations
(b) S∞ =
1− r MA12– 4 Bands 3– 4
p • Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 1
=
1
1−
2
p
=
1
2
= 2p

Question 30   

π (2)2 MA–S1 Probability and Discrete

(a) P (centre) = Probability Distributions
π (20)2 MA11–7 Band 4
4 • Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 1
=
400
1
=
100
(b) P (centre circle and outer section in any order) MA–S1 Probability and Discrete
Probability Distributions
 1 π (20)2 − π (5)2  MA11–7 Band 4
= 2× × 
 100 π (20)2 
  • Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 2
 1 15 
= 2× × 
 100 16  • Finds the probability of a dart
landing in the outer section. . . . . . . 1
3
=
160

(c) E ( X ) = Σxp (x ) MA–S1 Probability and Discrete

Probability Distributions
 225   63  MA11–7 Band 3
=  10 ×  +  25 ×
 256   640  • Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 1
 441   3 
+  40 ×  +  105 × 
 160 000   160 
 21   1 
+  120 ×  +  200 × 
 20 000   10 000 
= 13.475

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes, targeted

Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
(d) 2 MA–S1 Probability and Discrete
x P(X = x) x p(x) Probability Distributions
225 5625 MA11–7 Bands 4 –5
10 • Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 3
256 64
63 7875 • Provides the correct
25
640 128 value for Var(X). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
441 441
40 • Finds the values for the
160 000 100 2
x p(x) column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3 6615
105
160 32
21 378
120
20 000 25

1
200 4
10 000

Σx 2 p ( x ) − m 2
Var(X ) =
 5625   7875   441   6615 
=  + + + 
 64   128   100   32 
 378 
+  + (4) − 13.4752
 25 
= 198.087
For standard deviation:
σ = Var(X )
= 198.087
= 14.07 (to two decimal places)

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes, targeted

Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
Question 31   
(a) The length of the whiteboard, L, can be found by MA– C3 Applications of Differentiation
dividing it into two separate parts, L 1 and L 2. MA12–3 Bands 4 –5
• Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 2
L2
4m
• Makes valid progress to show
 the expression for L. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
L1

3m
3 3
cosq
As= = , L1 .
L1 cosq
4 4
As
= sin q = , L2 .
L2 sin q
Therefore, the length of the whiteboard is:
L L1 + L 2
=
3 4
= +
cosq sin q

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes, targeted

Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
(b) To find the angle that minimises the function MA–C3 Applications of Differentiation
3 4 MA12–9, 12–10 Band 6
=L + :
cosq sin q • Provides the correct solution. . . . . . 5
3 4
=L + • Tests AND shows
cosq sin q
−1 −1
=
that q 47.47° is a
= 3 ( cosq ) + 4 ( sin q ) minimum turning point. . . . . . . . . . 4
dL −2 −2
−3 ( cosq ) ( − sin q ) − 4 ( sin q ) ( cosq )
= • Shows that = q 47.47°
dq
is a stationary point. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3sin q 4 cosq
= −
cos 2 q sin 2 q dL
• Solves = 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3sin 3 q − 4 cos3 q dq
=
cos 2 q sin 2 q
dL
dL • Finds an expression for . . . . . . 1
For stationary points, = 0. dq
dq
3sin 3 q − 4 cos3 q
0=
cos 2 q sin 2 q
=0 3sin 3 q − 4 cos3 q
4 cos3 q = 3sin 3 q
4
= tan 3 q
3
1
 4 3
tan q =  
3
 1
 4 
q = tan −1   
 3
3
  
= 0.833
Converting into degrees gives:
180
0.833 × = 47.74°
π
Determining the nature of the stationary point using
the first derivative test gives:

q 47° 47. 74° 48°

dL –0.383 0.133
0
dq (negative) (positive)

(continues on next page)

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HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

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Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
(continued)
=
Hence, q 47.74° is a minimum turning point.
For this reason, the maximum possible length of L
=
occurs when q 47.74°.
=
When q 47.74°:
3 4
=L +
cos 47.74° sin 47.74°
≈ 9.86
Therefore, the maximum possible length of the
whiteboard is 9.86 metres.
Note: Accept the final answer rounded up or down.
No marks are awarded for correct rounding.
To find the maximum length that the whiteboard can
be carried around the corner, q must be found that
3 4
=
minimises L + .
cosq sin q
Notice that the whiteboard will form an angle q such
that 0° < q < 90°.
As the whiteboard enters from the bottom corridor, the
angle q will start towards its upper bound, 90°. As the
whiteboard moves around the corner, q will decrease
towards its lower bound, 0°.
Entering the corridors:

4m

3m
(continues on next page)

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 HSC Year 12 Mathematics Advanced Trial Examination Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Syllabus content, outcomes, targeted

Sample answer
performance bands and marking guide
(continued)

Moving around the corner:

3m

When q is close to either the lower or upper bound,

the length of the whiteboard is infinitely long. This is
also represented when q is considered as 90° or 0°
3 4
=
in the expression L + . That is, when
cosq sin q
q → 90° or 0°, L → ∞. However, in these situations,
the whiteboard will be too long to make it around
the corner.

Hence, the response should find the value of q such

that L is optimally long enough to still be able to turn
around the corner.

Notice in the diagram that the value of q for the

whiteboard turning the corner will give the shortest
possible length for L.

Hence, to find the maximum possible length of the

whiteboard such that it can turn around the corner,
3 4
=
the angle that minimises the function L +
cosq sin q
must be found.

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