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LESSON-19

The document defines polynomial equations and functions, explaining their forms and characteristics. It introduces the Remainder Theorem, which states that the remainder of a polynomial P(x) divided by x - c is equal to P(c). Examples of synthetic division and applications of the theorem are provided to illustrate the concepts.

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audreyjaeangeles678
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5 views

LESSON-19

The document defines polynomial equations and functions, explaining their forms and characteristics. It introduces the Remainder Theorem, which states that the remainder of a polynomial P(x) divided by x - c is equal to P(c). Examples of synthetic division and applications of the theorem are provided to illustrate the concepts.

Uploaded by

audreyjaeangeles678
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Polynomial Polynomial Polynomial

Expressions Equations Functions

x10 – 6 = y
x10 – 6 x10 –6=0
y = x10 – 6
P(x) = x10 – 6
x + 10 = y
x + 10 x + 10 = 0 y = x + 10
P (x) = x + 10
Lesson # 19
Objectives
1. Define a polynomial equation
and polynomial function
2. Prove and apply the
“Remainder Theorem”
In a polynomial expression
3x4 – 2x3 + 4x2 + 10x + 6, give the
corresponding polynomial equation
and polynomial function.
3x 4 – 2x 3+ 4x2+ 10x + 6 = 0
P(x) = 3x4 – 2x3 + 4x2 + 10x + 6
y = 3x4 – 2x3 + 4x2 + 10x + 6
A polynomial equation is an equation of
the form anxn + an-1xn-1+ an-2xn-2 +… + a1x
+ a0 = 0.
A polynomial function is a function of the
the form of P(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1+ an-2xn-2
+…+a1x+ a0 where n is a non- negative
integer and an, an-1, an-2,…, a1, a0 are any
real numbers.
Write the polynomial using the variable x
that will result to a polynomial equation
and polynomial function.
n = 3, a3 = -2, a2 = 4, a1 = 5, a0 = 6
– 2x3 + 4x2 + 5x + 6 = 0
P(x) = – 2x3 + 4x2 + 5x + 6
The computation in
finding the remainder when
The remainder is the quantity
the polynomial P(x) is
left after a number or
divided by x – c can be
expression that can no longer
easily determined by
be divided exactly by another
simply evaluating P(x) for
number or expression.
x = c.
The remainder is 0 if the
In other words, if the
number or expression can be
polynomial P(x) is divided
divided exactly.
by x – c ,then the remainder
is equal to P(c).
Synthetic Division Remainder Theorem
P(x) = 2x 3+ 9x2+ 13x+ 2 ; x + 3
P(x)= 2x3+ 9x2+13x + 2 ÷ x+3
x+3=0
-3 2 9 13 2 x = -3
-6 -9 -12 P(-3) = 2(-3)3 + 9(-3)2 + 13(-3) + 2
2 3 4 -10 P(-3) = 2(-27) + 9(9) + (-39) + 2
𝟏𝟎 P(-3) = -54 + 81 + (-39) + 2
2x2 + 3x + 4 – P(-3) = 27 + (-37)
𝒙+𝟑
P(-3) = -10 Therefore, the3 remainder
when P(x) = 2x + 9x2+13x+2
The remainder is -10. P(c) = R is divided by x + 3 is -10
Synthetic Division Remainder Theorem
P(x)= –2x3 + 5x2 – x + 7 ÷ x – 1 P(x) = –2x3 + 5x2 – x + 7; x – 1
x–c
1 -2 5 -1 7 x=1
-2 3 2 P(1) = –2x3 + 5x2 – x + 7
-2 3 2 9 P(1) = –2(1)3 + 5(1)2 – (1) + 7
𝟗 P(1) = –2 + 5 -1 +7
-2x2 + 3x + 2 + P(1) = –2 + 11
𝒙−𝟏
P(1) = 9 Therefore, the remainder
The remainder is 9. when P(x)= -2x3+ 5x2 – x + 7
P(c) = R is divided by x – 1 is 9.
Proof of the Remainder Theorem
Dividend Remainder
= Quotient +
Divisor Divisor
P(x) R (multiply both sides
= Q(x) +
x–c x–c by x – c)

P(x) = Q(x) . (x – c ) + R evaluate p(x) using c


P(c) = Q(c) . (c – c ) + R
P(c) = 0 +R
P(c) = R The remainder is indeed equal to P(c).
Remainder Theorem
P(x) = x87 + 2x48 + 7 ; x + 1 , x = -1
P(-1) = (-1)87 + 2(-1)48 + 7
P(-1) = (-1) + 2(1) + 7
P(-1) = 8 Therefore, the remainder when
P(c) = R P(x)= x87 + 2x48 + 7 is divided by
x + 1 is 8.
Remainder Theorem
h(x) = 2x7 – 3x5 + 4x3 – 5x + 3; x – 2, x = 2
h(2) = 2(2)7 – 3(2)5 + 4(2)3 – 5(2) + 3
h(2) = 256 – 96 + 32 – 10 + 3
h(2) = 185
Therefore, the remainder when
h(c) = R h(x) = 2x7 – 3x5 + 4x3 – 5x + 3 is divided
by x – 2 is 185.
A polynomial equation is an equation of the form
anxn + an-1xn-1+ an-2xn-2 +… + a1x + a0 = 0.

A polynomial function is a function of the the form


of P(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1+ an-2xn-2 +…+a1x+ a0
where:
n = non-negative integer
an, an-1, an-2, an-3,… are any real numbers
Remainder Theorem
states that if the polynomial
P(x) is divided by x – c,
then the remainder is P(c).

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