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 Complete Unit Guide Packet
Overview
The Civil War was fought from 1861-1865 between
the North and the South because of the long-standing
controversy over the enslavement of African
Americans. War broke out in April 1861 when
secessionist forces from the South attacked Fort
Sumter in South Carolina after Abraham Lincoln had
been inaugurated as President.

In 1861, there were 34 states in the US. Eleven

slaveholding states seceded from the Union and called
themselves the Confederate States of America. The
states that remained loyal to the US were known as
the Union. The slaveholding border states of Delaware
and Maryland remained in the Union, as did West
Virginia, which as formed from counties in Virginia.
The border states of Kentucky and Missouri had both
pro-Confederate and pro-Union governments.

The Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by the United States or by of any foreign country. The Union and the
Confederacy quickly raised armies that fought mostly in the South over the next four years. Intense combat left between
620,000 to 750,000 people dead.

The war ended when General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at the Battle of Appomattox Court House.
Confederate generals throughout the southern states followed suit. Much of the South’s infrastructure was destroyed. The
Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and four million black slaves were freed. During the Reconstruction Era that
followed the war, national unity was slowly restored, the national government expanded its power, and civil rights were granted
to freed black slaves through amendments to the Constitution and federal legislation.

Essential Questions
a) What were the cultural, economic, and constitutional issues that divided the nation?
The North thought that slavery was wrong and should be outlawed, while the South though it was important and legal. Content Page
b) How did the issue of slavery increase sectional tensions?
It caused 11 states to secede from the union because of slavery. Vocabulary 2
c) Which states seceded from the Union and which remained?
Texas, Georgia, South and North Carolina, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana Arkansas, Virginia , and Tennessee
d) What were the roles of Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Ulysses S. Grant, Robert Geography 3
E. Lee, Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, and Frederick Douglass in events leading to
and during the war? People to Know 4
e) What is the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation and the principles Timeline 5
outlined in the Gettysburg Address?
f) What were the critical developments in the war? Key Concepts 6-7

g) How did the war affect Union and Confederate soldiers (including African Visual Literacy 8-9
American soldiers), women, and enslaved African Americans?

1
 Vocabulary
Directions: Write the definition for each word in the middle column and draw a picture to represent each in the 3rd column.

People who wanted to end

Abolitionist slavery

Gave California admission into the union as a

Compromise of 1850 free states and created governments for
territories.

Dred Scott Decision Ruled that African Americans are

not citizens.

Kansas-Nebraska Act Allowed popular sovereignty in the new

territories to decide if there was slavery.

Popular Sovereignty People would decide if there was slavery in a state

Escaped slaves ,if captured, had to be returned to

Fugitive Slave Law
their slave owner

The country formed after the 11 states seceded.

Confederacy

States that allowed slavery but

Border states didn't secede.

Secede To break apart from

The plan to end the civil war quickly

Anaconda Plan

Emancipation Proclamation Made all slaves free.

States that this war was about ending slavery,

Gettysburg Address not reuniting the country anymore.

Sherman's March A March that blazed through

Georgia that ended at the sea.

2
 Geography
Directions: Complete the map key by coloring in the map and inserting each battle and key event. Be sure to label each on the
map in addition to drawing in a symbol.

States
 Union
 Border States
 Confederacy

Cities
 Washington, D.C.

 Richmond

Battles
 Fort Sumter

 Bull Run

 Antietam

 Vicksburg

 Gettysburg

 Appomattox Court House

Events
→ Anaconda Plan

→ Sherman’s March

3
 People to Know
Directions: Use the word bank below to identify the appropriate category for each person. For each person, identify the
significant contributions that person made in history.
Abraham Lincoln Harriet Beecher Stowe Robert Gould Shaw
Clara Barton Jefferson Davis Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Frederick Douglass Robert E. Lee Ulysses S. Grant

Abraham Lincols
Name: ________________________________ Jefferson Davis
Name: ________________________________
President of the US
Title: _________________________________ President of the CSA
Title: _________________________________
Political Leaders

Contributions: Contributions:
Created the Gettysburg Address and He was the first president of the
created the Emancipation Proclamation United States

Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
Name: ___________________ Name: Thomas Jackson
___________________ Name: ___________________
King of Spades
Title: ____________________ Stonewall Jackson
Title: ____________________ The Butcher
Title: ____________________
Contributions: Contributions: Contributions:
He led one of the strongest He was a military genius Defeated the Confederates ate
Generals

army of the confederate army and defeated the Union at Vicksburg and Shiloh.
the First Battle of Bull Run

Fredrick Douglass
Name: ___________________ Clara Barton
Name: ___________________ Name: Harriet Beecher Stowe
___________________
Sage of Cedar Hill The Angel of the Battlefield Hattie
Civilians During Wartime

Title: ____________________ Title: ____________________ Title: ____________________

Contributions: Contributions: Contributions:
She created the American Wrote books for the cause of
He was a abolitionist that Red Cross.
wanted to end slavery. ending slavery and wrote
famous books like Uncle
Tom's Cabin

4
 Timeline of the Civil War
Directions: Place the following events on the timeline. Include the date and draw in images or symbols for at least 4 of them.
Abraham Lincoln Elected President Battle of Antietam Abraham Lincoln is Re-elected President
South Carolina Secedes Lincoln Issues the Emancipation Proclamation Congress Approves the 13th Amendment
Fort Sumter Attacked Gettysburg Address Surrender at Appomattox Court House
First Battle of Bull Run Ulysses S. Grant Promoted to Lieutenant General Lincoln is Assassinated

Ulysses S.
First Grant Congress
Abraham
Battle Promoted to Approves the
Lincoln
of Bull Battle of Gettysburg Lieutenant 13th
Elected
Run Antietam Address General Amendment
President Lincoln Is
Assassinated

1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865

Lincoln Abraham Surrender at

South Fort Lincolns is
Issues the Appomattox
Carolina Sumter Reelected
Emancipation Court House
Secedes Attacked President
Proclamation

How long did the Civil War last? Why was Congress able to approve the 13th Amendment during the war?
4 Years
Public opinion and the war
effort.

Why is Gettysburg considered the turning point of the Civil War? Which event was the most significant to this period? Why?
It was a big major battle in which the Union won and after that, the CSA would start Gettysburg because it was the
losing most of the major battles. Turing point of the civil war.

5
 Key Concepts
Directions: For each section, either takes notes on the required topics or answer the questions in complete sentences.

Union Confederacy
Characteristics Characteristics
Faced on agriculture and had a smaller
Larger population and had a larger manufacturing power. population

At the Start of the War

Strengths Strengths

Good ties with the European powers ,

More recruit-able soldiers, better
the war was being fought on their
ways of transporting soldiers to
land which they knew the terrain, and
the front lines, and better
they were fierce fighters
communication systems.

Weaknesses Weaknesses

They didn't know the kind of Less recruit-able soldiers, slower

terrain in the south. ways of transporting soldiers, not
as much materials for soldiers,
and had bad communication.

Who issued this?

The Emancipation Proclamation Abraham Lincoln and his cheekbones
By the President of the
United States of America: What did it do?
“That on the first day of January, in the States that slaves in the Confederacy are free.
year of our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and sixty-three, all persons Why do you think it only applied to, “any State … in rebellion”?
held as slaves within any State or
designated part of a State, the people Because there wasn't as much slavery in the north.
whereof shall then be in rebellion
against the United States, shall be then,
thenceforward, and forever free…”

6
 The Gettysburg Address What was the purpose of the Gettysburg Address?

“Fourscore and seven years ago our To raise awareness of how the founding fathers said all men are
fathers brought forth, on this continent, a equal, and to raise moral as Gettysburg was the first major battle
new nation, conceived in liberty, and
dedicated to the proposition that all men According to Lincoln, what is being tested by this war?
are created equal. Now we are engaged
If this country could 'long endure".
in a great civil war, testing whether that
nation, or any nation so conceived, and
so dedicated, can long endure.”

Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address At what point in the war was this speech given?

“With malice toward none, with charity for all, Almost at the end of the Civil War when the south was
with firmness in the right as God gives us to see losing.
the right, let us strive on to finish the work we
are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for What is the tone of the address? Explain.
him who shall have borne the battle and for his
Hopeful because he hopes that we could create lasting peace
widow and his orphan, to do all which may
and that the wounds could heal.
achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace
among ourselves and with all nations.”

Civil War Battles A. Fort Sumter

D
______ 1) Deadliest day in American history and strategic Union victory.
B. Bull Run
F
______ 2) Turning point of the war in 1863 that made it clear the Union would win.
C. Hampton Roads
A
______ 3) First shots were fired here when Lincoln sent ships with food to feed hungry men.
E D. Antietam
______ 4) Union victory in Mississippi that split the Confederacy in two.
E. Vicksburg
G
______ 5) Where Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to the Union Army.
F. Gettysburg
C
______ 6) Naval battle when the first ironclad ships fought each other to a draw.
G. Appomattox Court House
B
______ 7) First major conflict and showed the Union the war would not be easily won.

North South 1. What was the major cause of death during the Civil War?
Killed in action 110,100 94,000 Wounded in action

Died of disease 224,580 164,000

2. Which side suffered heavier casualties (deaths)? Explain why.
Died as
30,192 31,000
prisoners of war The North because the South were known to fight fiercer.

Non-battle
24,881 Unknown 3. What are two conclusions you can draw from this information?
deaths
Wounded in The Civil War was one of the deadliest battles in US history.
275,175 194,026
action
Source: Brother Against Brother, 1990 Time
Life Books, Inc.

7
 Visual Literacy
Directions: Use the included images to answer each of the questions.

What is “Scott’s Great Snake”?

To prevent the south from getting support from the
European powers
What affect might this have on the South?
They could lose lots of possible
aid from other people.

What aspect of the South’s economy would make this

effective?

They rely on exports to make money because

they focus on agriculture.

How would you describe Civil War battles?

Brutal because they fought fierce because one

side wanted to ends slavery, but the other want
independence and there was a lot of blood.

What affect do you think would have on soldiers?

It could give them PTSD.

By the end of the war, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of

the Union Army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and
another 19,000 served in the Navy.
What did African American soldiers face in addition to
combat?

Racial inequality, terrible living

conditions, and abuse.

8
 President Abraham Lincoln meets with William T.
Sherman, Ulysses S. Grant, and David Porter near the end
of the war to discuss peace terms to follow.

How active do you think Lincoln was in leading the war?

Why?

I think he was very active because he created

lots of plans that helped win the war

“I felt like anything rather than rejoicing at the downfall of

a foe who had fought so long and valiantly, and had
suffered so much for a cause, though that cause was, I
believe, one of the worst for which their people ever fought,
and one for which there was the least excuse.”
- Ulysses S. Grant

What scene is shown here and how did Grant feel about it?

The surrender at Appomattox and he felt

disappointed because they found an unneeded
war
What did Grant believe was the reason why the South was
fighting?

To make a excuse to keep slavery.

What part of the US saw most of the fighting?

The south

What long-term impact might this have on the region?

It would destroy major cities and

cause lots of people to move from
the cities.

© Students of History – www.studentsofhistory.com

9
 Vocabulary
Directions: Write the definition for each word in the middle column and draw a picture to represent each in the 3rd column.

A person who wanted America to end the practice of

Abolitionist
enslaving men, women, and children in the South.

Agreement over slave states & free states that admitted

Compromise of 1850 California and abolished the slave trade in DC but Pictures for each
strengthened the Fugitive Slave Law.

Landmark Supreme Court case that held that enslaved

Dred Scott Decision
Americans were property could never be free.

It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and

Kansas-Nebraska Act Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow
slavery within their borders.

Political doctrine that the people who lived in a region

Popular Sovereignty should determine for themselves the nature of their
government.

Controversial laws that allowed for the capture and return

Fugitive Slave Law
of those escaping slavery within any part of the US.

Confederacy Name for the Southern states.

States that remained in the Union, but still enslaved men,

Border states women, and children (Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware,
Missouri).

To leave the United States – what 11 southern states did

Secede
in 1860-1861 to form he Confederate States of America.

Northern plan to crush the Confederacy by surrounding

Anaconda Plan
it with a naval blockade to prevent any imports.

Lincoln’s war declaration that freed slaves in rebelling

Emancipation Proclamation
states in 1862.

Lincoln's speech in 1863 dedicating Gettysburg cemetery

Gettysburg Address and stating Lincoln's war aims- most famous speech done
by Lincoln

Military campaign conducted through Georgia from

Sherman's March November 15 until December 21, 1864 and led by William
T. Sherman. Devastated everything in their path.

10
 Geography
Directions: Complete the map key by coloring in the map and inserting each battle and key event. Be sure to label each on the
map in addition to drawing in a symbol.

States
 Union
 Border States
 Confederacy

Cities
 Washington, D.C.

 Richmond

Battles
 Fort Sumter

 Bull Run

 Antietam

 Vicksburg

 Gettysburg

 Appomattox Court House

Events
→ Anaconda Plan

→ Sherman’s March

11
 People to Know
Directions: Use the word bank below to identify the appropriate category for each person. For each person, identify the
significant contributions that person made in history.
Abraham Lincoln Harriet Beecher Stowe Robert Gould Shaw
Clara Barton Jefferson Davis Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Frederick Douglass Robert E. Lee Ulysses S. Grant

Name: _______ Abraham Lincoln ___________ Name: ________ Jefferson Davis ___________
Title: ____ President of the United States_____ Title: ____ President of the Confederacy_____
Contributions: Contributions:
Political Leaders

• Self-taught former lawyer elected President

• Plantation owner and former soldier in the
as part of the new Republican Party in 1860
Mexican American War
• Against slavery but knows most of the
• Was a US Senator from Mississippi at the
country is not ready for abolition
start of secession
• Feels that secession is not allowed by the
• Appointed President of the new Confederate
Constitution
States of America
• Wants to do anything he can to keep the
Union together

Name: _ Ulysses S. Grant__ Name: _ Robert E. Lee__ Name: _ Stonewall Jackson__

Title: __Union General_____ Title: __Southern General___ Title: __Southern General___
Contributions: Contributions: Contributions:
• General for the Confederate
Generals

• Only wants an • Offered command of the army

unconditional surrender Union army but turned it • Gains fame at Bull Run
from the South down when he organizes
• Leads the Union army • Led the Army of Northern defenders against repeated
• Uses the massive size of the Virginia assaults and stands “like a
Union army to his • Needed to win despite far stone wall”
advantage smaller army and less • Later shot by friendly fire
supplies and dies during the war

Name: __ Clara Barton_____ Name: _ Frederick Douglass__ Name:_ Harriet Beecher Stowe _
Civilians During Wartime

Title: __Nurse_____ Title: __Abolitionist_____ Title: __Writer_____

Contributions: Contributions: Contributions:
• Dedicated nurse who Convinced Lincoln to use
worked to distribute African American soldiers • Author of Uncle Tom’s
medicine, clean field during the war Cabin which made slavery
hospitals, apply dressings, Supported the Reconstruction more tangible for many
and serve food to wounded Amendments Americans.
soldiers. Lived as an example of the • Lincoln allegedly joked that
potential for African she started the war.
• Later went on to found the Americans to counter the view
American Red Cross. of many white supremacists.

12
 Timeline of the Civil War
Directions: Place the following events on the timeline. Include the date and draw in images or symbols for at least 4 of them.
Abraham Lincoln Elected President Battle of Antietam Abraham Lincoln is Re-elected President
South Carolina Secedes Lincoln Issues the Emancipation Proclamation Congress Approves the 13th Amendment
Fort Sumter Attacked Gettysburg Address Surrender at Appomattox Court House
First Battle of Bull Run Ulysses S. Grant Promoted to Lieutenant General Lincoln is Assassinated

Ulysses S.
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln Issues the Grant Abraham Lincoln is
Elected President
Emancipation Promoted to Re-elected President
Fort Sumter Attacked Proclamation Lieutenant
General Surrender at Appomattox
Court House

1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865

South Carolina
Battle of Antietam Congress Approves
Secedes
the 13th Amendment
First Battle of Gettysburg Lincoln is
Bull Run Address Assassinated

How long did the Civil War last? Why was Congress able to approve the 13th Amendment during the war?
Four years (4 years, 3 weeks and 6 days to be specific) With the Southern states seceded, their representatives in Congress
were gone and the Republicans were able to pass legislation more
easily.
Why is Gettysburg considered the turning point of the Civil War?
Which event was the most significant to this period? Why?
This was the point that the South advanced furthest and would be the
Open to many possible student responses. 13th Amendment and
“high water mark” of the Confederacy. After this battle, it was clear
Lincoln’s Assassination might be common choices.
that the South would lose due to the larger size of the Union army.

13
 Key Concepts
Directions: For each section, either takes notes on the required topics or answer the questions in complete sentences.

Union Confederacy
Characteristics Characteristics
• Larger population • Smaller population
• More industrial • More agricultural with large plantations
• Larger cities and small farms
• More diverse with higher immigration • Depended on foreign imports for goods
• More railroad and developed cities
transportation systems • Over 3 million men, women, & children
held in slavery

At the Start of the War

Strengths Strengths
• Larger and more well-trained army • Brilliant generals
• Greater weapons and industrial output • Would fight most of the war on their
for bullets, rifles, cannons, etc. home turf
• Experienced Navy • Only needed to repel the North and
defend as opposed to the Union needing
to fight an offensive war.

Weaknesses Weaknesses
• Needed to fight an offensive war as • No navy whatsoever
opposed to a defensive one • No foreign allinaces or help
• Morale and motivation for war was not • Little industry to provide for the weapons
as high as in the South for many needed for war
• Did not expect the war to be so difficult • Poor transportation systems

Who issued this?

The Emancipation Proclamation
Abraham Lincoln
By the President of the
United States of America: What did it do?
“That on the first day of January, in the It stated that all those held in slavery in the rebelling states are now free.
year of our Lord one thousand eight Since these states were already at war with the Union, it did not really free
hundred and sixty-three, all persons many at all. However, it gave the Union a moral cause for victory.
held as slaves within any State or
designated part of a State, the people Why do you think it only applied to, “any State … in rebellion”?
whereof shall then be in rebellion
against the United States, shall be then, Lincoln did not want to risk losing the Border States to the Confederacy,
thenceforward, and forever free…” so made this a war measure only applying to the Confederate states.

14
 The Gettysburg Address What was the purpose of the Gettysburg Address?
The purpose of the speech was to dedicate the battlefield at Gettysburg
“Fourscore and seven years ago our after so many men died there earlier at the battle. Lincoln also used the
fathers brought forth, on this continent, a occasion to give a speech that gave meaning to the war. He wanted to
new nation, conceived in liberty, and stress that people in all states are Americans and should come together.
dedicated to the proposition that all men
are created equal. Now we are engaged According to Lincoln, what is being tested by this war?
in a great civil war, testing whether that The war was testing whether a democracy in which all men are created
nation, or any nation so conceived, and equal could endure in the world.
so dedicated, can long endure.”

Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address At what point in the war was this speech given?
This was close to the end of the war, so Lincoln was hinting at
“With malice toward none, with charity for all, plans for coming back together again after the war was over and
with firmness in the right as God gives us to see his plan for Reconstruction.
the right, let us strive on to finish the work we
are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for What is the tone of the address? Explain.
him who shall have borne the battle and for his Open to various responses but they could note that it is hopeful,
widow and his orphan, to do all which may optimistic, inspired, poetic, etc. The opening phrase, “with malice
achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace towards none” is especially kind towards an enemy you have
among ourselves and with all nations.” fought for 4 years.

Civil War Battles A. Fort Sumter

D
______ 1) Deadliest day in American history and strategic Union victory.
B. Bull Run
F
______ 2) Turning point of the war in 1863 that made it clear the Union would win.
C. Hampton Roads
A
______ 3) First shots were fired here when Lincoln sent ships with food to feed hungry men.
D. Antietam
E
______ 4) Union victory in Mississippi that split the Confederacy in two.
E. Vicksburg
G
______ 5) Where Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to the Union Army.
F. Gettysburg
C
______ 6) Naval battle when the first ironclad ships fought each other to a draw.
G. Appomattox Court House
B
______ 7) First major conflict and showed the Union the war would not be easily won.

North South 1. What was the major cause of death during the Civil War?
Disease killed many more men than battle did. This could include
Killed in action 110,100 94,000 gangrene from wounds suffered in battle though and other deaths in
Died of disease 224,580 164,000 medical care that stemmed from poor medical knowledge at the time.

Died as 2. Which side suffered heavier casualties (deaths)? Explain why.

30,192 31,000
prisoners of war The North suffered much higher casualties because the size of their army
Non-battle was much larger. While some generals were hesitant to use this advantage,
24,881 Unknown others like Grant did – throwing mass numbers of men to battle to
deaths
Wounded in overwhelm the South.
275,175 194,026
action
3. What are two conclusions you can draw from this information?
Source: Brother Against Brother, 1990 Time Open to many possible responses but they might note the lack of medical
Life Books, Inc. knowledge available at the time that led to such high death rates.
15
 Visual Literacy
Directions: Use the included images to answer each of the questions.

What is “Scott’s Great Snake”?

The blockade that the Union set up to surround the

South.

What affect might this have on the South?

This could devastate their economy and their ability to

wage war since there was so little industry in the South.

What aspect of the South’s economy would make this

effective?

The South had little industry or factories to produce

bullets, canons, guns, etc.

How would you describe Civil War battles?

Open to various responses but students could note the

brutality of the war, the stress of brother v brother
fighting, the poor medical care, etc.

What affect do you think would have on soldiers?

Open to many possible responses from students but they

could reference post-traumatic stress, living with lost
limbs, depression, etc.

By the end of the war, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of

the Union Army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and
another 19,000 served in the Navy.
What did African American soldiers face in addition to
combat?
African Americans served in segregated units led by
white generals. They received less pay at first (which was
later corrected). They also faced brutal combat and the
threat of far worse treatment if captured by the enemy.
In one infamous case, captured black troops were
executed.

16
 President Abraham Lincoln meets with William T.
Sherman, Ulysses S. Grant, and David Porter near the end
of the war to discuss peace terms to follow.

How active do you think Lincoln was in leading the war?

Why?

Lincoln was very active in the war, writing letters to his

Generals on a daily basis and wanting constant updates.
He also removed generals from command and replaced
them often, McClellan and Grant being the most
famous example.

“I felt like anything rather than rejoicing at the downfall of

a foe who had fought so long and valiantly, and had
suffered so much for a cause, though that cause was, I
believe, one of the worst for which their people ever fought,
and one for which there was the least excuse.”
- Ulysses S. Grant

What scene is shown here and how did Grant feel about it?

Lee is surrendering to Grant at Appomattox Court

House. Grant is likely relived that the war is over but
states that he does not feel like rejoicing.

What did Grant believe was the reason why the South was
fighting?

Grant stated that the cause “was one of the worst for
which people ever fought,” referring to slavery.

What part of the US saw most of the fighting?

Most pf the battles during the war occurred in the
South. Only a few like Gettysburg and Antietam were
in the Union.

What long-term impact might this have on the region?

Many cities like Atlanta were left devastated. Railroad

lines which were already far behind the Union were
destroyed. It would take many, many years for the
South to rebuild.

© Students of History – https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History

17