THE EDUCATIONAL THEORIES AND LESSON PLANNING

A. What are the characteristics of the following in the Behaviorist Classroom (Language
Classroom):
1. The Teacher
2. the Students
3. The Lesson
4. The Lesson Plan
5. The Learning Environment

Here are the characteristics of various aspects in a Behaviorist Language Classroom:

1. The Teacher
Role: Central authority figure, often seen as the primary source of knowledge.
Behavior: Provides clear instructions, demonstrations, and immediate feedback
on students' performance.
Focus: Emphasizes repetition, reinforcement, and correction to shape desired
language behaviors.

2. The Students
Role: Passive recipients of knowledge who follow the teacher's instructions.
Behavior: Engage in rote learning, drills, and practice, often mimicking or
repeating after the teacher.
Focus: Aim to achieve accurate language use through repetition and
memorization.

3. The Lesson
Structure: Highly structured with a focus on specific language skills (e.g.,
pronunciation, grammar).
Activities: Includes drills, repetition, and practice exercises to reinforce correct
language use.
Assessment: Frequent and immediate assessments to provide feedback and
reinforcement.

4. The Lesson Plan

Content: Detailed and pre-determined, often outlining specific objectives and
activities.
Approach: Sequential and systematic, progressing from simple to complex
tasks.
Flexibility: Limited, as the focus is on adherence to the plan and achieving
specific behavioral objectives.

5. The Learning Environment

 Atmosphere: Controlled and disciplined, with a strong emphasis on order and
routine.
Resources: Utilizes instructional materials that facilitate repetition and practice
(e.g., flashcards, audio recordings).
Interaction: Limited student-to-student interaction, with most communication
directed by the teacher.

SAMPLE BEHAVIORIST LESSON PLAN

Lesson Plan: Parts of Speech

Grade Level: Middle School

Duration: 45 minutes

Objectives
● Students will be able to identify and classify different parts of speech (nouns,
verbs, adjectives, adverbs).
● Students will demonstrate understanding through drills and repetition exercises.

Materials Needed
● Flashcards with examples of different parts of speech

● Worksheets with practice exercises

● Audio recordings for repetition drills
● Whiteboard and markers

Lesson Procedure

Introduction (5 minutes)
1. Teacher Explanation: Briefly explain what parts of speech are and list the main
categories (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) on the whiteboard.
2. Examples: Provide a couple of examples for each part of speech. (e.g., Noun:
cat, Verb: run, Adjective: happy, Adverb: quickly)

Direct Instruction (10 minutes)

1. Flashcards: Show flashcards with words and ask students to identify the part of
speech.
2. Teacher Modeling: Demonstrate how to classify words into parts of speech
using more examples.
Guided Practice (15 minutes)
1. Drills: Conduct repetition drills using audio recordings. Play a recording of a
word, and students repeat the word and state the part of speech.
2. Immediate Feedback: Provide feedback, reinforcing correct responses and
correcting mistakes.

Independent Practice (10 minutes)

1. Worksheets: Distribute worksheets with sentences, and ask students to identify
and underline parts of speech.
2. Monitoring: Walk around the classroom to assist and ensure students are on
task.

Assessment and Closure (5 minutes)

1. Quick Quiz: Conduct a quick oral quiz with the whole class to reinforce learning.
2. Review: Summarize the main points and answer any questions.
3. Homework: Assign additional practice worksheets for homework to reinforce
learning.

Learning Environment
● Atmosphere: Maintain a controlled and disciplined environment with clear
expectations.
● Interaction: Focus on teacher-directed activities with limited student-to-student
interaction.

This structured plan ensures a systematic and repetitive approach to learning parts of
speech, aligned with Behaviorist principles.

B. What are the characteristics of the following in the Innatist/Nativist Classroom

(Language Classroom):

1. The Teacher
2. the Students
3. The Lesson
4. The Lesson Plan
5. The Learning Environment

Here are the characteristics of various aspects in an Innatist/Nativist Language

Classroom:

1. The Teacher
Role: Facilitator who provides an environment that allows natural language
acquisition to take place.
 Behavior: Encourages exploration, interaction, and exposure to meaningful
language input.
Focus: Supports students' innate ability to acquire language through rich and
diverse linguistic input.

2. The Students
Role: Active participants who engage with language in a natural and meaningful
context.
Behavior: Involve themselves in communicative activities, interactions, and
problem-solving tasks.
Focus: Utilize their innate language acquisition device (LAD) to internalize
language rules and structures.

3. The Lesson
Structure: Flexible and focused on communication, rather than rote
memorization or drills.
Activities: Include meaningful interactions, real-life communication, and tasks
that promote natural language use.
Assessment: Based on students' ability to understand and use language in
context, rather than isolated grammatical accuracy.

4. The Lesson Plan

Content: Emphasizes exposure to authentic language through stories,
conversations, and multimedia.
Approach: Adapts to the needs and interests of the students, encouraging
natural language use.
Flexibility: Highly adaptable, allowing for spontaneous interactions and
modifications based on students' progress and interests.

5. The Learning Environment

Atmosphere: Encouraging and immersive, with an emphasis on creating a
natural language-rich environment.
Resources: Utilizes authentic materials such as books, videos, and real-world
conversations.
Interaction: Promotes student-to-student interaction, collaborative tasks, and
meaningful communication.

This approach aligns with the belief that language acquisition is a natural process
influenced by innate cognitive mechanisms, emphasizing meaningful communication
and real-life language use.

SAMPLE INNATIST LESSON PLAN

Lesson Plan: Parts of Speech

Grade Level: Middle School

Duration: 45 minutes

Objectives
● Students will naturally acquire an understanding of different parts of speech
(nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) through meaningful communication and
activities.
● Students will use parts of speech accurately in real-life contexts.

Materials Needed
● Short story or article with diverse vocabulary

● Visual aids (e.g., posters, charts)

● Audio recordings of conversations or stories
● Multimedia resources (videos, interactive apps)

Lesson Procedure

Introduction (5 minutes)
1. Teacher Introduction: Start with a brief discussion on parts of speech, asking
students to share any examples they know.
2. Story Reading: Read a short story or article aloud to the class, highlighting
various parts of speech naturally within the context.

Exploration and Interaction (10 minutes)

1. Group Activity: Divide students into small groups and provide them with a copy
of the story or article. Each group identifies and discusses examples of different
parts of speech within the text.
2. Interactive Discussion: Facilitate a class discussion where groups share their
findings and thoughts.

Meaningful Practice (15 minutes)

1. Role Play: Students participate in role-playing activities or skits, using sentences
that incorporate different parts of speech.
2. Creative Writing: Encourage students to write their own short stories or
dialogues, focusing on incorporating a variety of parts of speech.

Integration and Application (10 minutes)

1. Interactive Multimedia: Use videos or interactive apps that emphasize parts of
speech in engaging ways. Have students interact with the content and provide
their insights.
 2. Real-Life Application: Ask students to observe and identify parts of speech in
everyday conversations, advertisements, or media. Share findings in class.

Assessment and Closure (5 minutes)

1. Peer Review: Students review each other’s work and provide constructive
feedback.
2. Reflective Discussion: Conduct a class discussion to reflect on what was
learned and how it applies to real-life language use.
3. Homework: Assign a creative project where students create a visual or
multimedia presentation on parts of speech.

Learning Environment
● Atmosphere: Encouraging, immersive, and supportive, fostering natural
language use and exploration.
● Interaction: High levels of student-to-student interaction, collaboration, and
meaningful communication.

This plan emphasizes natural language acquisition through meaningful activities and
authentic communication, in line with Innatist principles.

C. What are the characteristics of the following in the Cognitive Classroom (Language
Classroom):

1. The Teacher
2. The Students
3. The Lesson
4. The Lesson Plan
5. The Learning Environment

1. The Teacher
Role: Facilitator and guide who supports students' cognitive processes and helps
them construct knowledge.
Behavior: Encourages critical thinking, problem-solving, and self-reflection.
Focus: Emphasizes the understanding of language rules and structures, and
how they are applied in various contexts.

2. The Students
Role: Active learners who engage in constructing their own understanding of the
language.
Behavior: Participate in activities that promote higher-order thinking, analysis,
and synthesis of information.
 Focus: Develop metacognitive skills, such as planning, monitoring, and
evaluating their own learning.

3. The Lesson
Structure: Interactive and student-centered, focusing on meaningful tasks and
real-world applications.
Activities: Include problem-solving tasks, discussions, and activities that require
students to apply language concepts in diverse situations.
Assessment: Ongoing and formative, aimed at understanding students'
cognitive processes and guiding their progress.

4. The Lesson Plan

Content: Designed to promote deep understanding and application of language
concepts.
Approach: Integrates various cognitive strategies, such as scaffolding, modeling,
and metacognitive prompts.
Flexibility: Adaptable to students' needs and progress, allowing for adjustments
based on their cognitive development.

5. The Learning Environment

Atmosphere: Stimulating and supportive, encouraging exploration, inquiry, and
intellectual risk-taking.
Resources: Uses a variety of materials that promote cognitive engagement,
such as authentic texts, multimedia, and interactive tools.
Interaction: Fosters collaborative learning, peer discussions, and opportunities
for students to share their insights and strategies.

This approach focuses on the development of cognitive skills and strategies, promoting
a deeper understanding of language and its use in various contexts.

A SAMPLE COGNITIVIST LESSON PLAN

Lesson Plan: Parts of Speech

Grade Level: Middle School

Duration: 45 minutes

Objectives
● Students will understand and identify different parts of speech (nouns, verbs,
adjectives, adverbs) through cognitive strategies and critical thinking.
● Students will apply parts of speech accurately in various contexts.
Materials Needed
● Authentic texts (e.g., short story, article)

● Visual aids (e.g., posters, charts)

● Graphic organizers
● Interactive multimedia resources (videos, apps)

Lesson Procedure

Introduction (5 minutes)
1. Teacher Introduction: Begin with a brief discussion on parts of speech, asking
students to brainstorm and share what they know.
2. Example Analysis: Present a sentence and highlight different parts of speech
within it. Discuss the function of each part.

Exploration and Understanding (10 minutes)

1. Text Analysis: Provide students with an authentic text (short story or article).
Have them identify and highlight different parts of speech within the text.
2. Graphic Organizers: Use graphic organizers to help students categorize and
visualize parts of speech.

Guided Practice (15 minutes)

1. Collaborative Learning: Organize students into small groups to create
sentences using a mix of parts of speech. Each group will present their
sentences and explain the role of each word.
2. Interactive Activity: Use multimedia resources (videos or apps) that emphasize
parts of speech. Students interact with the content and discuss their
observations.

Independent Practice (10 minutes)

1. Creative Writing: Students write a short paragraph or dialogue, focusing on
incorporating a variety of parts of speech. Encourage them to think critically
about word choices and functions.
2. Self-Reflection: Have students review their work and reflect on their use of parts
of speech, identifying areas for improvement.

Assessment and Closure (5 minutes)

1. Peer Review: Students exchange their written work with a partner and provide
constructive feedback.
2. Class Discussion: Facilitate a class discussion to reflect on the learning process
and key takeaways. Encourage students to share insights and strategies.
3. Homework: Assign a task where students observe and identify parts of speech
in everyday language (e.g., in conversations, media) and create a visual
representation of their findings.
Learning Environment
● Atmosphere: Stimulating and supportive, encouraging exploration, inquiry, and
critical thinking.
● Interaction: Promotes collaborative learning, peer discussions, and opportunities
for students to share their insights and strategies.

This plan emphasizes cognitive engagement, critical thinking, and meaningful

application of language concepts, aligned with Cognitivist principles.

D. What are the characteristics of the following in the Interactionist Classroom

(Language Classroom):

1. The Teacher
2. The Students
3. The Lesson
4. The Lesson Plan
5. The Learning Environment

1. The Teacher
Role: Facilitator and co-communicator who actively engages with students.
Behavior: Encourages interactive communication, collaboration, and negotiation
of meaning.
Focus: Supports language development through meaningful interactions and
social interactions.

2. The Students
Role: Active participants who engage in authentic communication and
collaborative tasks.
Behavior: Involve themselves in group work, pair activities, and discussions.
Focus: Learn language through social interaction, negotiating meaning, and co-
constructing knowledge.

3. The Lesson
Structure: Interactive and student-centered, focusing on meaningful
communication and real-life scenarios.
Activities: Include role plays, group discussions, problem-solving tasks, and
interactive activities that require negotiation of meaning.
Assessment: Based on students' ability to communicate effectively and
collaborate with peers.

4. The Lesson Plan

Content: Emphasizes authentic communication and collaborative tasks.
Approach: Integrates opportunities for interaction, dialogue, and social learning.
 Flexibility: Adaptable to students' needs and interests, promoting spontaneous
and meaningful interactions.

5. The Learning Environment

Atmosphere: Dynamic and interactive, encouraging communication and
collaboration.
Resources: Utilizes authentic materials, multimedia resources, and interactive
tools to facilitate communication.
Interaction: Promotes high levels of student-to-student interaction, peer
feedback, and collaborative learning.
This approach emphasizes the importance of social interaction and communication in
language learning, aligning with Interactionist principles.

THE INTERACTIONIST LESSON PLAN

Lesson Plan: Parts of Speech

Grade Level: Middle School

Duration: 45 minutes

Objectives
● Students will understand and identify different parts of speech (nouns, verbs,
adjectives, adverbs) through meaningful interaction and communication.
● Students will use parts of speech accurately in real-life contexts and collaborative
tasks.

Materials Needed
● Authentic texts (e.g., short story, article)

● Visual aids (e.g., posters, charts)

● Interactive multimedia resources (videos, apps)
● Sentence strips or word cards

Lesson Procedure

Introduction (5 minutes)
1. Teacher Discussion: Begin with a brief discussion on parts of speech, asking
students to share their experiences and examples.
2. Group Brainstorming: Divide students into small groups to brainstorm different
parts of speech and their functions. Groups share their ideas with the class.
Interactive Exploration (10 minutes)
1. Text Analysis: Provide students with an authentic text (short story or article). In
pairs, students identify and highlight different parts of speech within the text.
2. Peer Interaction: Pairs discuss their findings and explain the role of each part of
speech in the text.

Collaborative Practice (15 minutes)

1. Role Play and Dialogues: Organize students into small groups to create and
perform short dialogues or skits using sentences that incorporate different parts
of speech. Emphasize interaction and negotiation of meaning.
2. Interactive Multimedia: Use videos or interactive apps that focus on parts of
speech. Students interact with the content and discuss their observations in pairs
or small groups.

Application and Communication (10 minutes)

1. Sentence Building: Use sentence strips or word cards to create sentences in
pairs or small groups. Students rearrange the words to form grammatically
correct sentences, explaining the function of each part of speech.
2. Real-Life Application: Students observe and identify parts of speech in
everyday language (e.g., in conversations, media) and share their observations
with the class.

Assessment and Closure (5 minutes)

1. Peer Review: Students exchange their written dialogues or sentences with a
partner and provide constructive feedback.
2. Reflective Discussion: Conduct a class discussion to reflect on the learning
process and key takeaways. Encourage students to share insights and
strategies.
3. Homework: Assign a task where students observe and identify parts of speech
in everyday conversations or media and create a visual representation of their
findings.

Learning Environment
● Atmosphere: Dynamic and interactive, encouraging communication and
collaboration.
● Interaction: Promotes high levels of student-to-student interaction, peer
feedback, and collaborative learning.

This plan emphasizes social interaction and meaningful communication, aligned with
Interactionist principles.
E. What are the characteristics of the following in the Sociocultural Classroom
(Language Classroom):

1. The Teacher
2. The Students
3. The Lesson
4. The Lesson Plan
5. The Learning Environment

1. The Teacher
Role: Facilitator and mediator who creates a supportive environment for social
interaction and collaborative learning.
Behavior: Encourages meaningful dialogue, cultural exchange, and the co-
construction of knowledge.
Focus: Promotes language learning through social interactions and cultural
experiences.

2. The Students
Role: Active participants and co-constructors of knowledge who engage in social
interactions and collaborative tasks.
Behavior: Participate in group work, discussions, and projects that involve
cultural and social contexts.
Focus: Learn language through social engagement, cultural exchange, and peer
collaboration.

3. The Lesson
Structure: Dynamic and interactive, focusing on real-world communication and
cultural experiences.
Activities: Include group discussions, cultural projects, role plays, and
collaborative tasks that involve social and cultural contexts.
Assessment: Based on students' ability to communicate effectively, engage in
cultural exchanges, and collaborate with peers.

4. The Lesson Plan

Content: Emphasizes cultural and social aspects of language use, integrating
real-world and authentic materials.
Approach: Encourages social interaction, cultural exploration, and collaborative
learning.
Flexibility: Adaptable to students' needs and interests, promoting spontaneous
and meaningful interactions.

5. The Learning Environment

Atmosphere: Supportive and inclusive, encouraging cultural exchange, social
interaction, and collaborative learning.
 Resources: Utilizes authentic materials, multimedia resources, and interactive
tools to facilitate cultural and social learning.
Interaction: High levels of student-to-student interaction, peer feedback, and
opportunities for cultural exchange.

This approach emphasizes the importance of social and cultural contexts in language
learning, aligning with Sociocultural principles.

A SAMPLE SOCIOCULTURAL LESSON PLAN

Lesson Plan: Parts of Speech

Grade Level: Middle School

Duration: 45 minutes

Objectives
● Students will understand and identify different parts of speech (nouns, verbs,
adjectives, adverbs) through social interaction and cultural context.
● Students will use parts of speech accurately in culturally relevant and real-life
scenarios.

Materials Needed
● Authentic texts (e.g., short stories, articles) with cultural themes

● Visual aids (e.g., posters, charts)

● Interactive multimedia resources (videos, apps)
● Cultural artifacts or realia (e.g., items from different cultures)

Lesson Procedure

Introduction (5 minutes)
1. Cultural Icebreaker: Begin with a cultural icebreaker where students share
something interesting about their cultural background or language.
2. Discussion: Briefly discuss parts of speech and their importance in
understanding and communicating in different cultural contexts.

Interactive Exploration (10 minutes)

1. Text Analysis: Provide students with an authentic text that has cultural
significance. In pairs, students identify and highlight different parts of speech
within the text.
 2. Peer Interaction: Pairs discuss their findings and explain how the parts of
speech contribute to the meaning and cultural context of the text.

Collaborative Practice (15 minutes)

1. Cultural Role Play: Organize students into small groups to create and perform
short dialogues or skits that incorporate parts of speech. The dialogues should
reflect culturally relevant scenarios.
2. Interactive Multimedia: Use multimedia resources (videos or apps) that focus
on parts of speech within cultural contexts. Students interact with the content and
discuss their observations in pairs or small groups.

Application and Communication (10 minutes)

1. Cultural Exchange: Students create sentences or short paragraphs using parts
of speech, focusing on cultural themes or real-life situations. They share their
work with a partner or small group.
2. Real-Life Application: Students observe and identify parts of speech in
everyday language, especially in culturally relevant contexts (e.g., in
conversations, media) and share their observations with the class.

Assessment and Closure (5 minutes)

1. Peer Review: Students exchange their written work with a partner and provide
constructive feedback.
2. Reflective Discussion: Conduct a class discussion to reflect on the learning
process and key takeaways, especially the cultural aspects. Encourage students
to share insights and strategies.
3. Homework: Assign a task where students observe and identify parts of speech
in everyday conversations or media with cultural relevance and create a visual
representation of their findings.

Learning Environment
● Atmosphere: Supportive and inclusive, encouraging cultural exchange, social
interaction, and collaborative learning.
● Interaction: High levels of student-to-student interaction, peer feedback, and
opportunities for cultural exchange.

This plan emphasizes social interaction, cultural exchange, and meaningful

communication, aligned with Sociocultural principles.

FOR THE STUDENTS: (Participation – 20%)

1. What are your realizations for every theory discussed? (Realization here means
what you know before and what you have learned now as the basic truth) (10)
2. If there are different approaches, methods, and techniques used in the 2 nd
language learning of the students, what will you do then? (10)

3. Reflect on learning the five theories and their application to life learning by way of
a lesson plan. (10)