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Computer is Electronic Device That Can_ (2)

The document provides an overview of computer components, including input, output, and storage devices, as well as the role of software and programming. It explains the functions of the CPU, memory types, and data size hierarchy. Additionally, it discusses the relationship between high-level programming languages and machine language.

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yen2032006
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5 views

Computer is Electronic Device That Can_ (2)

The document provides an overview of computer components, including input, output, and storage devices, as well as the role of software and programming. It explains the functions of the CPU, memory types, and data size hierarchy. Additionally, it discusses the relationship between high-level programming languages and machine language.

Uploaded by

yen2032006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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computer is electronic device that can:

Receiving Information Processing Information

Keyboard CPU
Mouse Software
Scanner Algorithms
Computer
Producing Output Functions Storing Information

Monitor RAM
Printer Hard Drive
Speakers Cloud Storage

Hardware: the physical component of the computer


] ‫[ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺗﻤﺴﻜﻬﺎ ﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﻪ‬

system units: include processor (to execute instructions] and


memory [to store data] and programs and other electronic circuits

Input devices: to input data to computer. Ex. Keyboard

• Output devices: to output data and info from computer. Ex. Screen

• Storage devices: to store data and programs. Ex. Hard disk

Software: programs that instruct the computer to do


something.
] ‫[ ﺍﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻣﺮ ﻣﺎ‬
]‫( ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺮﻓﺶ ﺗﻤﺴﻜﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻙ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺗﻤﺴﻚ ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻣﺮ؟‬

• A program is a sequence of instructions stored in memory

program also called application or app or softwares

• Programs may be system program (such as operating system:


Windows or Linux) or application programs (used to support users
to work, be entertained, study... Such as Word, Excel,)

Computer components:

1-CPU executes program instructions


‫• ﺗﻨﻔﺬ ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻣﺮ‬

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Addition, subtraction,..


)‫• ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻖ ( ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﻪ‬

Registers: Store data used in current operations


control unit controls the execution steps
‫• ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬

Main memory: Volatile, stores program and program data during


processing
‫• ﻣﺘﻄﺎﻳﺮﻩ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻟﻮ ﻗﻔﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺤﻔﻆ‬

Secondary storage: Permanent: Store programs and data.


nonvolatile
‫• ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻄﺎﻳﺮ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻫﺘﻔﻀﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﻪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻟﻮ ﻗﻔﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬

Programs instructs the computer to read data from Input Devices


and output data and info to Output Deices

programs instructions and data saved in memory or storage data as


binary [0,1]

1 byte = 8 bits {a common unite to express data and program size]

Data Size

1 Byte 8

1 Bit 1

Quantity
Data Size Conversion: Bytes to Bits

Program instructions are represented in bits by coding


‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺘﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ‬

Programs and data may be large, larger units are used to express
size:

1 Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bytes = 1024 bytes

1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB = 1 million bytes

1 Gigabyte = 1024 MB = 1 billion bytes

1 Terabyte = 1024 GB =1 trillion bytes

Typical memory size: 4-16 GB, Typical disks size (hundreds GB to 2


TB)
Data Size Hierarchy

Terabyte

Gigabyte

Megabyte

Kilobyte

Byte

Notes:
input devices: (phone , keyboard, mouse,…..)
output devices :(screen, speaker)
shape of instructions (1,0)
‫ ﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬memory ‫ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﻭﺩﻳﻪ‬desktop ‫ﻣﻴﻨﻔﻌﺶ ﺍﺷﻐﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻭﻫﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
memory ——>1-faster than desktop
memory ——>
‫ﻣﻌﺪ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺳﺮﻋﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬
CPU ——>
mother board ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝ‬
assembly language:
‫ﻟﻐﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻣﺮ‬

high level language —→compiler——> machine language

High-Level Language Process

Python Lexical Analysis


Java Compiler Syntax Analysis
C++ Code Generation

Machine Language

Binary Code
Assembly Language

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