Physics | Class 12 | 35

The interior of conductor can have no excess

static situation.
charge in > Cdepends only on geometrical configuration (shape,
> A Spherical charged conductor behaves as the total size and separation).
charge is concentrated at the centre of the sphere. > Capacitance of an isolated spherical conductor which
Relation between electric potential and electric Field: has radius r, is C= Antgf.
Electric field intensity at a point is equal to the negative Dielectric Strength: The maximum electric field that a
gradient of electric field.
dielectric medium can withstand without breakdown is
d called its dielectric strength.
ie., E
dr ºParallel Plate Capacitor: It comprises of two metal
Negative sign implies that electric potential decreases in
the direction of Field. plates of area A
separated by distance d. The capacitance
> Potential at every point inside the charged conductor of parallel plate capacitor without dielectric medium
is same and is equal to the potential at surface of between plates is given by
conductor.
C
º Insulator: Insulators are the substances which do not d
allow physical movement of electric charges through where, A area of plates
them when an external electric field is applied. d - distance between plates.
For example: diamond, glass, wood, etc. > When adielectric medium of dielectric constant K is
Electrostatic Shielding: Electrostatic shielding/screening filled fully between the plates of the capacitor, then
is the phenomenon of protecting a certain region of space
from external electric field.
Applications of Electrostatic Shielding d
() To protect sensitive electronic devices from external º Capacitance of a Parallel Plate Capacitor with a
electric field by placing them in metallic boxes. Conducting Slab Inserted between its Plate
(i) During thunderstorm or lightning, it is safe to sit in the
car. c-.
(i) Coaxial cable are shielded by metallic wire gauge.
º Electrical Capacitance: The ratio of charge 'g given
where, K= dielectric constant,
to a conductor to increase its potential 'V' is called the
t= thickness of dielectric medium
electrical capacitance of that conductor. It is denoted by C. º Combination of Capacitors

i.e., > Capacitors in seriec:

!_1, 1
> Its Slunit is farad and 1F-1C/V.
º Capacitors: A capacitor is a system of two conductors > Capacitors in parallel: C= C, + Gq
separated by an insulator. > Energy Stored in a Capacitor
> The total charge of a capacitor is zero.
> The electrical capacitance of a capacitor is defined W= [:Q=CV]
as the ratio of charge 'd given to any one of the two
conductors to change 'V' produced in the potential ºEnergy Density: The energy stored per unit volume of a
difference of two conductors. capacitor is called its energy density.
1

iie.,
Energy density U=-E (for air capacitor)
1
where, C is called the capacitance of the capacitor. and u=-,KE (for dielectric filled capacitor)

Practice Exercise
Multiple Choice Questions Q2. Which of the following is true about electrostatic
Q1 Which of the following statement is not true? potential due to a point charge?
a. Electrostatic force is a conservative force. a. It is inversely proportional to distance.
b. Potential energV of charge g at a point is the work b. It is the product of charge and work done.
C. Electric field and potential can never be equal in
done per unit charge in bringing a charge from magnitude.
any point to infinity. d. Both a. and c.
C. Spring force and gravitational force are
03. Electric potential due to a point charge -q at
Conservative force. distance x from it is given by:
d. Botha. and c. a. Kq/x b. Kx c. -Kg/? d. -Kq/x
36 | MASTERMIND CHAPTERWISE QUESTION BANK
04. The potential at a point, due to a positive charge of
100 1C at a distance of 9 m, is: The graph of the magnitude of electric feld
a. 10 v b. 10v intensity Eas a function of Xis: (CBSE SQP 2022-23)
. 105 V d. 10 V
05. Three charges 1 C, 2 1C, 3C are kept at +Et +E

of an equilateral triangle of side 1 m. If

vertices
they are b.
brought nearer, so they now form an equilateral 2 4

triangle of side 0.5 m, then the work done is: -E

a. 11 J b. 11J C. 0.01 J d. 0.1 J
06. Which of the following is not the property of an +E +E
equipotential surface? (CBSE SQP 2023-24)
a. They do not cross each other. C. d.
2 4i
b. The work done in
carrying a charge from one -E|
point to another on an equipotential surface is E|
zero. Q
10. Potential difference between any two points on
c. For a uniform electric field, they are concentric equipotential surface is:
spheres. a. zero b. infinity
d. They can beimaginary spheres. C. unity d. None of these.
Q7. Figures show some equipotential lines distributed Q11. Afree electron and afree proton are placed between
in space.Acharged object is moved from point Ato two oppositely charged parallel plates. Both are
point B.
(NCERT EXEMPLAR) closer to the positive plate than the negative plate.
30V 40 V 30V See the below figure.

A
A,

10V 20V 30V 40V 50V 10V 20V Which of the following statements is true?
50V 10V 20V 40V50V
I. The force on the proton is greater than the
(ii) (iii) force on the electron.
a.The work done in figure () is the greatest II. The
potential energy of the proton is greater
b.The work done in figure (ii) is the least than that of the electron.
c.The work done is the same in figures (i). (i) and (ii) II. The potential energy of the proton and the
d.The work done in figure (iii) is greater than figure electron is the same.
(ii) but equal to that in figure ()
a. Only | b. Only I C. Ill and | d. ll and|
Q8. The electrostatic potential on the surface of a Q12. Equipotentials at a great distance from a
charged conducting sphere is 100 V. Two statements of charges whose total sum is collection
are made in this regard: (NCERT EXEMPLAR) not zero, are
S : At any point inside the sphere, electric field approximately: (NCERT EXEMPLAR, CBSE 2021 Term-1)
a. spheres b. planes
intensity is zero. C. paraboloids d. ellipsoids
S, :At any point inside the sphere,theelectrostatic Q
13. Which of the following is not the property of
potential is 100 V.
Which of the following is a correct statement? equipotential surface?
a. They do not cross each
a. S, is true but S, is false other.
b. The rate of change of
b. Both S, and S, are false them is zero.
potential with distance 0n
C. S, is true. 5, is also true and S, is the cause of S, c. For a uniform electric
d. S, is true. S 0S also true but the statements are field, they are concentrC
independent spheres.
d. They can be
Q9. The electricpotential Vas a function of distance X imaginary spheres.
Q14. The electric potential
is shown in the figure. on the axis of an electric
dipole at a distance r from its centre is V. Then
potential at a point at the same distance onthe
equatorial line will be: (CBSE SOP 2022-23)
a. 2V b. -V C. V/2 d. zer
15. An
Q electric dipole of moment p is placed
the uniform electricfield. The paralle
in rotating the amount of work don
a. 2pE
dipole 90° is:
by
b. pE C. pE/2 d. zer0
 Physics | Class 12 | 37
Q16. Two charges of magnitude 5nC and -2nC, are 24. Aparallel plate capacitor is made of two dielectric
placed at points (2 cm, 0, 0) and (x cm, 0, ) in a blocks in series. One of the blocks has thickness
region of space, where there is no other external d, and dielectric constant K, and the other has
field. If the electrostatic potential energy of the thickness d, and dielectric constant K, as shown
system is - 0.5jJ. The value of x is: in figure. This arrangement can be thought as
a. 20 cm b. 80 cm a dielectric slab of thickness d( d t d,) and
C. 4 cm 16 cm effective dielectric constant K. Then K is:
(NCERT EXEMPLAR)
Q17. Two point charges +10 uC and-101C are separated
by a distance of 2 cm in water of dielectric constant
80. The potential energy of the system is:
a. -45J b. -0.56 J d,|
C. +45J d. +0.56J

0 18. Aconducting sphere of radius R is given a charge Q. b

The electric potential and the electric feld at the

d +d, K,K,
centre of the sphere respectively are: KK,(d, +d,) 2KK,
Kzd, +Kd, K, +K,
a. zero and b. and zero
4RuR? Q
25. The charge on 3uF capacitor shown in the figure is:
HE HE HH
and d. Both are zero 2 uF 3f 6 uf

Q19. When a ringing mobile is placed in a _tainless steel 10 V

box, it stops ringing because of: a. 2uC b. 10uC c. 6uC d. 8uC
a. increase in electrical capacitance inside box Q26. A 20uF and 10uF capacitors are connected in
b. electrostatic potential induced by the battery of series and a potential difference is applied across
mobile
the combination. Then 20uF capacitor has:
c. electrostatic shielding provided by box a. twice the charge of the 10uF capacitor
d. absorption of EM waves by stainless steel box b. half the charge of the 10uf capacitor
c. half the potential difference of 10uf capacitor
Q20. Capacitance depends upon which of the following d. twice the potential difference of 10uf capacitor
factors?
Q27. Two capacitors of 2uF and 4uF are connected in
a. Size and shape of conductor
parallel. Athird capacitor of 6uF is connected in
b. Permittivity
series. The combination is connected across a 12 V
c. Presence of other conductors nearby
d. All of the above
battery. The voltage across 2uF capacitor is:
a. 2 V b. 8 V
021. The Sl unit of capacitance is: c. 6 V d. 1V
a. J/C b. Farad d. C/J
Q28. The equivalent capacitance for the network
4 uf shown in the figure is:
Q22. A capacitor of 4uF is
Connected as shown in 10 S2 100 pF
2.5 V
the circuit. The internal
HH
resistance of the battery
H C1

is 0.502. The amount of 22

400 pF 400 pF
charge on the capacitor
(NCERT EXEMPLAR) C2 C3
plates will be:
c. 16 uC d. 8uC 400 V
a. 0 b. 4 uC 400 pF
Q23. How we can increase the capacitance ofa parallel CAa
plate capacitor? 1200 1000
a. By increasing the charge a. pF b pf
7
b. By decreasing the plate area
C. 1800 pf 1300
C By increasing the plate separation 7
pf
d. Bydecreasing the plate separation
38 | MASTERWND CHAPTERWISE QUESTION BANK
0 29. Three capacitors 2 F, 3 uF and 6 F are joined in Reason (R): Electrons move from a region of hinh.
series with each other. The equivalent capacitance potential to a region of lower
potential.
is: (CBSE SQP 2023-24)
a. l/2 uF b. 1uf C. 2 uf d. 11 uf parallel
0 30. The capacitor plates are charged by a 37. Assertion (A): If the distance between dielectt
Q
'V volts. After charging battery is
battery with plates of a capacitor is halved and
disconnected
and a dielectric slab with dielectric constant constant is made three times, then the capacitanee
'K is becomes six times.
inserted between its plates. The potential across
the plates of a capacitor will become: Reason (R): Capacitance of the capacitor does not
a. zero b. V/2 c. V/K d. KV depend upon the nature of the material of the
031. Two parallel plate capacitors X and Y have the plates.
same area of plates and same separation between Q38. Assertion (A): The dielectric constant for metals is
plates. X has air and Ywith dielectric of constant 2 infinity.
between its plates. They are connected in series to Reason (R): When a charged capacitor is filled
a battery of 12 V. The ratio of completely with a metallic slab, its capacity
stored in X andY is:
electrostatic energy
becomes very large.
a. 4:1 b. 1:4 c. 2:1 d. 1:2 Q 39. Assertion (A): When air between the plates of
a parallel plate condenser is replaced by an
Assertion &Reason Type Questions insulating medium of dielectric constant, its
Directions (0.Nos. 32-42): In the following questions, a capacity increases.
statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R): Electric field intensity between the
Reason (R). plates with dielectric in between it is reduced.
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Q
40. Assertion (A): Inaparallel combination ofcapacitors,
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion the total capacitance of the combination is the sum
(A). of capacitance of the individual capacitors.
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R): In such a combination, voltage across
Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of each capacitor is same.
Assertion (A). Q41. Assertion (A): If three capacitors of capacitance
C. Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false. CË < C < Cy are connected in parallel, then
their equivalent capacitance (C,) equivalent
d. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are false. capacitance in series (C.).
Q32. Assertion (A): Work done in moving a charge 1
between any two points in an electric field is Reason (R):
independent of the path followed by the charge,
between these points. Q42. Assertion (A): The capacity of a given conductor
Reason (R): Electrostatic force isa non-conservative remains same even if charge is varied on it.
force. Reason (R): Capacitance depends upon nearly
Q
33. Assertion (A): Work done in moving a charge medium as well as size and shape of conductor.
around a closed path, in an electric field is always
zero. Fill in the Blanks
Reason (R): Electrostatic force is a conservative 43. Electric field E at a point is
Q
force. (CBSE 2023) perpendicular to the
.....surface through the point.
eeeeeees

034. Assertion (A): For a point charge, concentric Q44. The potential energy of a charge q in an electric
spheres centered at a location of the charge are field placed at potential V() is.
equipotential surfaces. 945. It is safer to be inside the car rather than standing
Reason (R): An equipotential surface is a surface outside under a tree during lightening is based on
over which potential has zero value. ....concept.
035. Assertion (A): Electric field is always normal to 46. TwO capacitor plates are charged by a battery. After
Q
equipotential surfaces and along the direction of charging, battery is disconnected and a dielectric
decreasing order of potential. slab is inserted between the plates, the charge on
Reason (R) : Negative gradient of electric potential the plates of capacitor.
is electric field. Q47. The amount of work done in bringing a charge 4
from infinity to a point without acceleration 1S
036. Assertion (A): An electron has a higher potential
with equal to .acquired by the charge.
energy when it is at a location associated 0 48. Electric field is
potential and has a lower always near to an
a negative value of equipotential surface.
associated
potential energy when at a location Q49. The Sl unit of capacitance is
with a positive potential.