POLYMERS Importance of Thermo plastic Resins : POLYETHELENE OR POLYTHENE :

H C H H = C H

H C H

H C H

It is prepared from Ethylene. Ethylene gas is liquefied and passed into heated vessel at 1502500C. In presence of radical initiator, low density polyethylene and by using ionic catalysts high density polyethylene are obtained.

Dr. E. Laxminarayana
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POLYMERS Properties : PE is rigid, waxy, white and non-polar. It is swollen and permeable to most of organic solvents and oils. Polyethylenes are three types. Low density polyethylene : (0.91 0.925 gr/cc) Medium density polyethylene (0.925 0.94 g/cc) High density polyethylene (0.941 0.965 g/cc) HDPE is completely linear, has better chemical resistance, higher softening point (125 1350C) Uses : making bottles, toys, domestic appliances. HDPE

Dr. E. Laxminarayana
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POLYMERS POLY VINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) : It is obtained by heating of water emulsion of vinyl chloride in presence of per oxides. Properties : Colourless, odourless, non-in flammable and chemically inert. Pure resins have softening point of 1480C. Uses : Rigid PVC or unplasticized pvc used for making sheets, light fitting, helmets, tyres refrigerators, mudguards. Plasticized pvc used for making continuous sheets of different thickness, table cloths, curtains, toys, radio components, thermal insulators etc.,
Dr. E. Laxminarayana
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POLYMERS

PVC

Dr. E. Laxminarayana
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POLYMERS TEFLON : (Fluon/PTFE) It is obtained by polymerization of water emulsion of tetrafluoro ethane under pressure in presence of peroxide. Properties : Due to presence of F atoms strength of polymer is increased. Softening point is 3500C. Density 2.1 2.3 g/cc. Uses : as insulating material non lubricating bearings stop cocks for glass wares for packing (Teflon tape)
Dr. E. Laxminarayana
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POLYMERS Polystyrene (PS): Preparation: n[Ph-CH=CH2] Properties: Transparent, good light stable, excellent moisture resistant Highly electronic insulating, resistant to acids and chemicals But relatively low softening range(90-1000c) and brittle Unique property of transmitting light through curved sections Uses: In moldings of togs, buttons, buckles, battery caps, high frequency electric insulators, lenses etc.., Dr. E. Laxminarayana
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[-CH(Ph)-CH2-]n

POLYMERS BAKELITE : It is a phenolic resin / (phenol Formaldehyde) It is prepared by condensing phenol with Farmaldehyde in presence of acid / alkaline catalyst. Properties : Phenolic resins are rigid, hard, water resistant, insoluble solids. These are resistant towards many chemicals. These may react with alkalis because of OH gps.

Uses : * For making electric insulators like switches, plugs, * Telephone parts, cabinets for TV, radio * As adhesive ; In paints * For softening water Dr. E. Laxminarayana * In wood, paper.
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POLYMERS Nylon 6:6 : Properties : Translucent, whitish, high melting polymers (160 -2640C) In soluvable in organic solvents Absorb little moisture. Uses : Fibres, carpcts, Nylon 6, 11 are used for moulding purposes for gears, bearings etc., Filaments, bristles for tooth brushes.
HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH NH2-(CH2)6-NH2

Dr. E. Laxminarayana
OC-(CH2)4-CO-NH-(CH2)6-NH
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POLYMERS

Polyester: Have ester linkages in main chain Used exclusively for making textiles Synthesis of polyesters by poly condensation of purified terephlthalic acid and mono ethylene glycols

Dr. E. Laxminarayana
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POLYMERS Rubbers : Rubbers are high polymers, which have elastic properties in excess of 300%. It can be stretched to 4-10 times to its original length. Representation of poly isoprene ( natural Rubber) Natural rubber consists of basic latex, which is a dispersion of isoprene.

Dr. E. Laxminarayana
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POLYMERS Gutta percha : Obtained from dichopsis gutta plant. It is recovered from solvent extraction. At R.T. it is tough, but softs at 1000C, solvable in organic solvents trans isoprene polymer. Drawbacks of Natural Rubber : Plastic in nature, weak Water absorption Attacked by oxidizing agents Swells in organic solvents Possesses marked thickness.
Dr. E. Laxminarayana
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POLYMERS Vulcanization of Rubber : To improve the properties of rubber some chemicals are added (S, H2S, Phcocl) The process of heating rubber with s to 100-1400C. The added s reacts at double bonds. This vulcanite or ebonite or hard rubber consists 32% s and has no elasticity. Compounding of rubber : softners / plasticizers : Oil, wax, resins Vulcanizing agents : S, H2S, S2D2 PhCocl Accelarators : 2-mercaptol Anti oxidants : Phenyl amines Rein forcing fillers : ZnO, C CaCO3, MgCO3 Colouring agents : Fe2 O3 Red, Cr2O3 green , Sb2S3 crimson

Dr. E. Laxminarayana
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POLYMERS Synthetic rubbers : Buna S /GR-S / Styrene rubber : Properties : Resembles natural rubber High resistance, high loading capacity Undergoes oxidation with O3 It can be vulcanized. Uses : Tyres, floor tiles, shoe soles, carpets, tank lining, insulators etc.,

Dr. E. Laxminarayana
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POLYMERS Buna N / GR-A / Nitrile rubber : Properties : Excellent resistant to heat, sunlight, oils, acids, salts ; less resistant to alkalis. Vulcanized rubber is more stable. Uses : aircraft components, printing rollers, automobile parts.

Dr. E. Laxminarayana
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POLYMERS Thiocol / GR-P / Polysulphide rubbers : Properties : Resistant to fuels, solvents, oxygen, O3, sunlight It cannot be vulcanized. Use: In chemical industry.
CH2 CH2 S S

Dr. E. Laxminarayana
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POLYMERS
REINFORCED PLESTICS: Fiber polymers impregnated with solids / fillers to impart mechanical strength and hardness without losing plasticity are known as FRP. Fillers like carborandom, quartz & mica are used Applications: For making door handles, battery cases, exhaust fans, engine cooling fans etc.., For making nose cones, pistol grips and riffle bullets Electrical appliances Making shuttle and textiles For making cameras and using acryl butadiene, styrene, blended plastics Boat Hulls Minesweeping Vessels Bath Tubs
Dr. E. Laxminarayana
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POLYMERS Submarine Parts Rocket Shells Aircraft Components Automobile Bodies & Parts Architectural Components Electrical Equipment Fishing Rods Tennis Rackets Recreation Boats Skates

Dr. E. Laxminarayana
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