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Geography Form3

The document covers key concepts in geography, including the classification and representation of maps, types of relief, and methods for indicating elevation. It also distinguishes between weather and climate, outlining factors that affect climate and types of winds. Additionally, it discusses climate change and the role of geographic information systems in analyzing geographical data.

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ApdimàLik KaDeŕ
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14 views

Geography Form3

The document covers key concepts in geography, including the classification and representation of maps, types of relief, and methods for indicating elevation. It also distinguishes between weather and climate, outlining factors that affect climate and types of winds. Additionally, it discusses climate change and the role of geographic information systems in analyzing geographical data.

Uploaded by

ApdimàLik KaDeŕ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Form 3 Geography

Chapter 1 & chapter 2


 Map is the representation of any part of the earth or whole on some
reduced scale with latitude and longitudes.
 Maps are classified into three groups according to the scale: large
scale, medium scale and small scale.
 Small scale sizes: atlas maps and world maps.
 Maps are classified according to subject of matter: qualitative and
quantitative.
 Qualitative maps are maps which shows color but not numbers.
 Quantitative are maps which show number.
 International conventional signs are internationally accepted signs used
in a map and plan to show the boundary, roads, rivers and etc.
 Color codes: black majority of the culture. Blue: water features.
Green: vegetation. Brown: the shape and elevation of the topography.
Red: boundary lines, large highway
 Relief is the variation in elevation of the earth surface.
 Most common methods used for representing elevation and relief are:
counter lines. Spot height. Layer tinting. Hachures.
 Counter line is a line drawn on a topographic map to indicate ground
elevation.
 Slope or gradient is the raising and falling of the earths surface.
 Types of slopes: gentle slope. Steep slope. Concave slope.
Convex slope.
 Spot height shows exact height by a black dot with a number next to it.
 Layer tinting uses different colours to represent different height.
 Hachures are stokes drawn in the direction of the steepest slop.
 Types of relief: planimetric maps (shown only horizontal), and
topographical map (show both horizontal and vertical position).
 Bearing is the horizontal angle between the direction of an object and
another object.
 Grid is a network of imaginary horizontal and vertical lines drawn on a
map.
 Two way of grid reference are four grids and six grids.
 Aerial photographs are photographs takes from aircraft.
 Street plan is a map of the city’s long vision for it is major street
network.
 Geographic information system is a system designed to capture, store,
manipulate, analyse and present all types of geographical data.

 Chapter two
 Weather is a day to day atmospheric condition over short period of
time.
 Climate is general average of weather for a long period of time.
 Factors effecting climate: latitude, altitude, distance from the sea,
cloud cover, ocean current, pressure bets and winds.
 Latitude are divided into three categories called: low latitude, middle
latitude and high latitude.
 Types of wind: local winds and global winds.
 Local winds: sea breeze and land breeze , mountain breeze and
monsoon winds.
 Sea breeze is the movement of cool air from the sea to the land during
day time
 Land breeze is the movement of cool air from the land to the sea
during the night.
 Global prevailing winds: trade winds, westerly winds and polar winds.
 Energy in the atmosphere is transferred through: radiation, conduction
and convection.
 Types of climate: Tropical moist climate, dry climate, moist
subtropical mid latitude climate, moist continental mid latitude
climate and polar climate.
 Climate change is the variation in global or regional climates over time.

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