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LAb07DIPtasks

The lab report details various image processing tasks executed in the DIP Lab, including the implementation of averaging filters, video frame averaging, and image masking techniques. It also covers transformations such as negation, logarithmic, gray level slicing, and gamma correction, with corresponding MATLAB code snippets for each task. The report concludes with visual results displayed through figures for each processing technique applied.

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2 views

LAb07DIPtasks

The lab report details various image processing tasks executed in the DIP Lab, including the implementation of averaging filters, video frame averaging, and image masking techniques. It also covers transformations such as negation, logarithmic, gray level slicing, and gamma correction, with corresponding MATLAB code snippets for each task. The report concludes with visual results displayed through figures for each processing technique applied.

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University of Engineering

and and Technology, Taxila

Lab Report #07

DIP Lab

Submitted By:

Shaista (22-SE-90)

Submitted To:

Dr. Saba Awan

Section:

Omega (Ω)

Date:
04-03-2024
TASK # 01:

Without using Matlab built-in functions for applying and creating smoothing filters create
an averaging filter and apply on a noisy image to smooth it.

CODE:

% Read the image


img = imread('cameraman.tif');
img = im2double(img); % Convert to double for processing

% Add noise to the image (salt & pepper noise)


noisy_img = imnoise(img, 'salt & pepper', 0.05);

% Define the averaging filter kernel (3x3)


filter_kernel = ones(3, 3) / 9;

% Initialize the output image


smoothed_img = zeros(size(img));
% Apply the averaging filter
for i = 2:size(img, 1)-1
for j = 2:size(img, 2)-1
% Extract the 3x3 neighborhood
neighborhood = noisy_img(i-1:i+1, j-1:j+1);
% Apply the filter
smoothed_img(i, j) = sum(sum(neighborhood .* filter_kernel));
end
end

% Display the results


figure;
subplot(1, 2, 1);
imshow(noisy_img);
title('Noisy Image');

subplot(1, 2, 2);
imshow(smoothed_img);
title('Smoothed Image (Averaging Filter)');

OUTPUT:
TASK # 03:

Read a video file and apply averaging on it by using image addition. Observe the results
and mention in your findings.

CODE:

video = VideoReader('xylophone.mp4'); % Load video file


frame_avg = zeros(video.Height, video.Width);
frame_count = 0;
while hasFrame(video)
frame = im2double(rgb2gray(readFrame(video))); % Convert to grayscale
frame_avg = frame_avg + frame;
frame_count = frame_count + 1;
end
frame_avg = frame_avg / frame_count; % Compute average frame

% Display result
figure, imshow(frame_avg), title('Averaged Video Frame');
OUTPUT:

TASK # 05:

Create a mask and by applying it on image, extract a particular area of image (using
threshold) and implement logical operations (OR, NOT) by referencing example.

CODE:

img = imread('cameraman.tif'); % Ensure image is read


img = im2double(img); % Convert image to double
threshold = 0.5;
mask = img > threshold; % Create binary mask
not_mask = ~mask; % Apply NOT operation
or_mask = mask | not_mask; % Apply OR operation

% Extract a particular area of the image using thresholding


extracted_region = img .* mask;

% Display results
figure;
subplot(2, 3, 1), imshow(img), title('Original Image');
subplot(2, 3, 2), imshow(mask), title('Masked Image (Thresholding)');
subplot(2, 3, 3), imshow(not_mask), title('NOT Operation on Mask');
subplot(2, 3, 4), imshow(or_mask), title('OR Operation on Mask');
subplot(2, 3, 5), imshow(extracted_region), title('Extracted Region Using
Mask');
LAB 06 tasks
Task 01

Implement negation
transform
A=imread('rice.png');
figure,imshow(A);title('Original Image');
%Image Negative
L=256;
s= (L-1)-A;
figure,imshow(s);title('Image negative -> S = L - 1 - r')

TASK 2 Implement
Logarithmic transform.
A=imread('rice.png');
figure,imshow(A);title('Original Image');
%Log Transformation
%Input Image in type double
r=double(A);
C=1;
S=C*log(1+r);
%maximum value of r is 255, log(256) ensures that the transformed imagescales
properly to fit within the displayable range.
Temp=255/(C*log(256)); %This step calculates a normalization factor.
%Display image range [0 255]
B=uint8(Temp*S);
figure,imshow(B);title('Log Transformation -> S = clog(1+r)');

TASK 3 Implement Gray


level slicing technique
img = imread('cameraman.tif'); % Use your image here
% Define intensity range for slicing
low_threshold = 100; % Lower bound of intensity range
high_threshold = 200; % Upper bound of intensity range
% Define enhancement value
enhanced_value = 255; % Maximum intensity for highlighted region% Perform
gray level slicing without background removal
sliced_img = img; % Copy the original image
sliced_img((img >= low_threshold) & (img <= high_threshold)) =
enhanced_value;

% Display results
figure;
subplot(1,2,1);
imshow(img);
title('Original Image');
subplot(1,2,2);
imshow(sliced_img);
title('Gray Level Slicing (Without Background Removal)');

Task 4: Convert an image


into 8-bit plane images by
taking corresponding bit
values at each pixel of the
image. And compare it with
original image.
A=imread('coins.png');
B=bitget(A,1);
figure, subplot(2,2,1);imshow(logical(B));title('Bit plane 1');
B=bitget(A,2);
subplot(2,2,2);imshow(logical(B));title('Bit plane 2');
B=bitget(A,3);
subplot(2,2,3);imshow(logical(B));title('Bit plane 3');
B=bitget(A,4);
subplot(2,2,4);imshow(logical(B));title('Bit plane 4');
B=bitget(A,5);
figure, subplot(2,2,1);imshow(logical(B));title('Bit plane 5');
B=bitget(A,6);
subplot(2,2,2);imshow(logical(B));title('Bit plane 6');
B=bitget(A,7);
subplot(2,2,3);imshow(logical(B));title('Bit plane 7');
B=bitget(A,8);
subplot(2,2,4);imshow(logical(B));title('Bit plane 8');
clear;
close all;
A = imread('rice.png'); % Read the input image
figure, imshow(A); title('Original Image');

A = double(A); % Convert image to double for computations


G = 0.40; % Gamma = 0.40
C = 1; % Define C as 1 (default scaling factor)

% Apply Gamma Correction


S = C * (A .^ G);

% Normalize Image to 0-255


Temp = 255 / (C * (255 ^ G));
S1 = uint8(Temp * S); % Convert back to uint8
figure, imshow(S1);
title('Gamma corrected Image -> S = Cr^\gamma, \gamma = 0.40, C = 1');

% Power Law (Gamma) Transformation with Different Values of Gamma


GRng = [0.04; 0.10; 0.20; 0.40; 0.67; 1; 1.5; 2.5; 5.0; 10.0; 25.0];

R = 0:255; % Intensity range from 0 to 255


figure, hold on;

for i = 1:length(GRng)
X = C * (R .^ GRng(i)); % Apply Power-law transformation
Temp = 255 / max(X); % Normalize output range
s = Temp * X;

plot(R, s); % Plot the transformation function


text(R(175), s(175), ['\gamma =', num2str(GRng(i))],
'HorizontalAlignment', 'left');
end

title('Plot Equation S = Cr^\gamma');


xlabel('Input Intensity Level, r');
ylabel('Output Intensity Level, s');
axis([0 255 0 255]); % Fix axis limits
hold off;

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