Design of the Concrete Mixture

The main objective of the design is to determine

the proportion of the ingredients that will produce
concrete of the proper workability when fresh andthe
desired durability and strength after it has hardened.
CONCRETE DESIGN MIX
(STANDARD)
FOR CONCRETE PAVING – ITEM311

DATA FROM PRELIMINARY TESTS:

FINE AGGREGATE : LAB. NO. 01
MANUFACTURED // NATURAL //
FINENESS MODULUS – 2.77
BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY (SSD) – 2.49
MOISTURE CONTENT, % - .96%
ABSORPTION, % - 2.46
UNIT WT., kg/m³ (loose) –4811

COARSE AGGREGATE LAB. NO. 02

ROUNDED // ANGULAR //
MAXIMUM SIZE, mm – 37.5
ABRASION LOSS, % - 18
BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY (SSD) – 2.82
MOISTURE CONTENT, .17%
ABSORPTION, % - 1.10
UNIT WT., kg/m³ (loose) – 143
WATER SOURCE – SIBALOM RIVER

TYPE & BRAND OF CEMENT – PORTLAND TYPE I (APO CEMENT)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CEMENT – 3.10
ADMIXTURE BRAND – NONE

DESIGN SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS:

CLASS OF CONCRETE – ITEM 311-PCCP
FLEXURAL STRENGTH, MPa – 3.8 (550 psi)@ 14 days
CEMENT FACTOR, bags/m³ - 9.1 for 40 kg/bag
SLUMP – 76.2 MM (3”)

DESIGN MIX PER BAG OF CEMENT

Absolute Volume of Concrete, m³ = 1/CF = 1/9.10 = 0.1089

Absolute Volume of 40 kg. bag of cement, m³ = 40/3.10x 1000 = 0.01290

Absolute Volume of water, m³ = 181-4.7/9.10x1000 = 176.3/9100 = 0.019370

Absolute Volume of water and cement, m³ = 0.01290 + 0.01937 = 0.03227

1
 Absolute Volume of fine and coarse aggregate, m³ = 0.10989 – 0.03227=0.07762

Correction of fine aggregate, % of total aggregate by absolute volume:

% sand of total aggregate = 42 (From Table V)

w/c = 181-4.7/9.1x40 = 176.3/364 = 0.48

Variation from standard = 0.48 – 0.57 = (-) 0.09

Correction for w/c = - (0.09 x 1%) = -1.8

0.05

Correction of fineness modulus:

Variation from standard = 2.77 – 2.75 = (+) 0.02

Correction for F.M. = 0.02x ½ % = (+) 0.10

0.10

For less workable concrete as pavement = (-3)

Total Correction:

w/c = -1.8
FM = + 0.10
For less workable concrete pavement = - 3.00
Total Correction = - 4.70

Corrected % of sand = 42% - 4.7% = 37.3%

Absolute Volume of fine aggregate, m³ = 0.373 (0.07762) = 0.02895

Absolute volume of coarse aggregate, m³ = 0.07762 – 0.02895 = 0.04867

BATCH WEIGHT:

Abs. Vol., Specific Unit wt. Uncorrected

Gravity Gravity weigth weights, kg.
kg/m³

Cement 0.01290 3.10 1000 40

Fine Agg. 0.02895 2.49 1000 72.09
Coarse Agg. 0.04867 2.82 1000 137.25
Water 0.01937 1.0 1000 19.37

ADJUSTMENTS:

CA FA

Absorption, % 1.10 2.46

M.C. 0.17 0.92

2
CORRECTED WEIGHTS based on the actual MC of coarse and aggregates in the jobsite.

(1) Uncorrected wt. x [1 + % free water ] If MC is greater than the

100 absorption
(2) Uncorrected wt. x [ 1 - % H2O required for Absorption ] If the MC is
100 smaller than
Absorption

% Free water = Moisture Content – Absorption

% H2O req’d for absorption = Absorption – Moisture Content

CORRECTED WEIGHTS:

CA = 137.25 x [1- ( 1.10 – 0.17) ] = 137.25 x [1 – 0.0093] = 135.97 kg.

FA = 72.09 x [ 1 –( 2.46 – 0.92) ] = 72.09 x [1 – 0.0154 ]= 70.98 kg.

H2O = 19.37 + [req’d for Abs. (CA)]+ [req’d for Abs. (FA)]

H2O = 19.37 + (137.25 – 135.97) + (72.09 – 70.98)

H2O = 19.37 + 1.28 +1.11 = 21.76 kg.

Uncorrected Corrected
Weights, kg. Weights, kg.
( SSD condition) (Actual Field Condition)

Cement 40 40
FA 72.09 70.98
CA 137.25 135.97
H2O 19.37 21.76
Total Weights 268.71 268.71

FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE (ITEM 405)

DATA FROM PRELIMINARY TESTS:

FINE AGGREGATE : LAB. NO. 01
MANUFACTURED // NATURAL //
FINENESS MODULUS – 2.77
BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY (SSD) – 2.49
MOISTURE CONTENT, % -
ABSORPTION, % - 2.46
UNIT WT., kg/m³ (loose) –4811

COARSE AGGREGATE LAB. NO. 02

ROUNDED // NATURAL //
MAXIMUM SIZE, mm – 37.5
ABRASION LOSS, % - 18
BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY (SSD) – 2.82

3
 MOISTURE CONTENT, %
ABSORPTION, % - 1.10
UNIT WT., kg/m³ (loose) – 143
WATER SOURCE – SIBALOM RIVER

TYPE & BRAND OF CEMENT – PORTLAND TYPE I (APO CEMENT)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CEMENT – 3.10
ADMIXTURE BRAND – NONE

DESIGN SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS:

CLASS OF CONCRETE – STRUCTURAL CONCRETE CLASS “A”
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, MPa – 3000 psi (20.7 MPa @ 28 days
CEMENT FACTOR, bags/m³ - 9.0 for 40 kg/bag
SLUMP – 76.2 MM (3”)

DESIGN MIX PER BAG OF CEMENT

Absolute Volume of Concrete, m³ = 1/CF = 1/9.0 = 0.11111

Absolute Volume of 40 kg. bag of cement, m³ = 40/3.10x 1000 = 0.01290

Absolute Volume of water, m³ = 166/9.0x1000 = 166/9000 = 0.01844

Absolute Volume of water and cement, m³ = 0.01290 + 0.01937 = 0.03134

Absolute Volume of fine and coarse aggregate, m³ = 0.11111 – 0.03134 = 0.07977

Correction of fine aggregate, % of total aggregate by absolute volume:

% sand of total aggregate = 42 (From Table V)

w/c = 166/9.0 x 40 = 166/360 = 0.46

Variation from standard = 0.46 – 0.57 = (-) 0.11

Correction for w/c = - (0.11 x 1%) = -2.2

0.05

Correction of fineness modulus:

Variation from standard = 2.77 – 2.75 = (+) 0.02

Correction for F.M. = 0.02x ½ % = (+) 0.10

0.10

Total Correction:
w/c = - 2.20
FM = + 0.10
- 2.10

Corrected % of sand = 42% - 2.10% = 39.9%

4
 Absolute Volume of fine aggregate, m³ = 0.399 (0.07977) = 0.03183

Absolute volume of coarse aggregate, m³ = 0.07977 – 0.03183 = 0.04794

BATCH WEIGHT:

Abs. Vol., Specific Unit wt. Uncorrected Corrected

m³ Gravity of water weigths, kg. weights, kg.
kg/m³

Cement 0.01290 3.10 1000 40

Fine Agg. 0.03183 2.49 1000 79.2
Coarse Agg. 0.04794 2.82 1000 135.19
Water 0.01844 1.00 1000 18.44

ADJUSTMENTS:

CA FA

Absorption, % 1.10 2.46

M.C. 0.17 0.92

CORRECTED WEIGHTS based on the actual MC of coarse and aggregates in the jobsite.

(1) Uncorrected wt. x [1 + % free water ] If MC is greater than the

100 absorption
(2) Uncorrected wt. x [ 1 - % H2O required for Absorption ] If the MC is
100 smaller than
Absorption

% Free water = Moisture Content – Absorption

% H2O req’d for absorption = Absorption – Moisture Content

CORRECTED WEIGHTS:

CA = 135.19 x [1 – (1.10 – 0.17) ] = 135.19 x [1 – 0.0093] = 133.93 kg.

FA = 79.26 x [ 1 –( 2.46 – 0.92) ] = 79.26 x [1 – 0.0154 ]= 78.04 kg.

H2O = 18.44 + [req’d for Abs. (CA)]+ [req’d for Abs. (FA)]

H2O = 18.44 + (135.19 – 133.93) + (79.26 – 78.04)

H2O = 18.44 + 1.26 +1.22 = 20.92 kg.

Uncorrected Corrected
5
 Weights, kg. Weights, kg.
( SSD condition) (Actual Field Condition)

Cement 40 40
FA 79.26 78.04
CA 135.19 133.93
H2O 18.44 20.92
Total Weights 272.89 272.89