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Test Bank for Listen, Eighth Edition

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 1.1 Computer Programs
id
testbank-py-2-ch01-03
from
testbank-py-1-ch01-03

4. Which parts of the computer store program code?

1. CPU
2. Secondary storage
3. Monitor
4. Keyboard

Title
Which parts of the computer store program code?
type
mc
Section
1.2 The Anatomy of a Computer
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-04

5. Which of the following items is NOT considered hardware:

1. a keyboard.
2. a speaker.
3. a program.
4. a microphone.

Title
What is considered hardware
type
mc
Section
1.2 The Anatomy of a Computer
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-05

6. The Central Processing Unit is primarily responsible for:

1. ensuring data persists when electrical power is turned off.
2. enabling a human user to interact with the computer.
3. interconnecting computers that are separated by distance.
4. performing program control and data processing.

Title
What is a CPU?
type
mc
 Section
1.2 The Anatomy of a Computer
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-06

7. Computers store both data and programs not currently running in:
1. Primary storage.
2. Central processing unit.
3. Secondary storage.
4. Transistors.

Title
Where are programs and data stored?
type
mc
Section
1.2 The Anatomy of a Computer
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-07

8. Which of the following hardware devices is NOT considered an input device?

1. Keyboard
2. Monitor
3. Mouse
4. Microphone

Title
What is considered input hardware?
type
mc
Section
1.2 The Anatomy of a Computer
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-08

9. Which of the following hardware devices is NOT considered an output device?

1. Speaker
2. Monitor
3. Printer
4. Microphone

Title
What is considered output hardware?
type
mc
Section
 1.2 The Anatomy of a Computer
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-09

10. When the computer begins to run a program,

1. the program is moved from secondary storage to memory.
2. the program is moved from secondary storage to the network controller.
3. the program is moved from the CPU to memory.
4. the program is moved from the CPU to secondary storage.

Title
What happens when a program begins to run?
type
mc
Section
1.2 The Anatomy of a Computer
id
testbank-py-2-ch01-10
from
testbank-py-1-ch01-10

11. What part of the computer carries out arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division?
1. CPU
2. Network
3. Primary storage
4. Secondary storage

Title
What part of the computer performs arithmetic?
type
mc
Section
1.2 The Anatomy of a Computer
id
testbank-py-2-ch01-11
from
testbank-py-1-ch01-11

12. High-level programming languages were created to:

1. Allow programmers to describe the solution to a problem one CPU instruction at
a time
2. Make programming less error-prone and less tedious
3. Maximize the running time of programs
4. Translate CPU instructions into high-level instructions
 Title
Why were high-level programming languages created?
type
mc
Section
1.3 The Python Programming Language
id
testbank-py-2-ch01-12
from
testbank-py-1-ch01-12

13. What are two of the most important benefits of the Python language?
1. Advanced mathematical equations and fast programs
2. Ease of use and fast programs
3. Ease of use and portability
4. Fast programs and smaller programs

Title
What are the benefits of Python?
type
mc
Section
1.3 The Python Programming Language
id
testbank-py-2-ch01-13
from
testbank-py-1-ch01-13

14. What is wrong with the following code snippet:

15. num1 = 10
16. num2 = 20
17. num3 = 30
total = Num1 + Num2 + Num3

1. Nothing, the variable total will be the sum of the three numbers
2. Python is case sensitive so Num1, Num2, and Num3 are undefined
3. total must be initialized to zero first
4. The numbers should be 10.0, 20.0 and 30.0

Title
What is wrong with the following code snippet?
type
mc
Section
1.4 Becoming Familiar with Your Programming Environment
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-14
18. An integrated development environment bundles tools for programming into a unified
application. What kinds of tools are usually included?
1. A web browser
2. An editor and an interpreter
3. Presentation tools
4. Source files and bytecode files

Title
What kind of tools can be found in an integrated development environment?
type
mc
Section
1.4 Becoming Familiar with Your Programming Environment
id
testbank-py-2-ch01-15
from
testbank-py-1-ch01-15

19. What is the difference between an editor and an interpreter?

1. An editor allows program files to be entered and modified; an interpreter reads
and executes program files
2. An editor allows program files to be entered and modified; an interpreter produces
an indexed database of terms and keywords
3. An editor allows program files to be entered and modified; an interpreter produces
an organized list of files
4. An editor converts program files into an executable program; an interpreter allows
program files to be entered and modified

Title
What is the difference between an editor and a compiler?
type
mc
Section
1.4 Becoming Familiar with Your Programming Environment
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-16

20. What reads Python programs and executes the program instructions?
1. editor
2. CPU
3. compiler
4. interpreter

Title
What is used to execute a Python program?
type
 mc
Section
1.4 Becoming Familiar with Your Programming Environment
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-17

21. What extension is used for Python files?

1. .Python
2. .py
3. .dat
4. .txt

Title
What extension is used for Python source files?
type
mc
Section
1.4 Becoming Familiar with Your Programming Environment
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-18

22. By entering the command python3, the program runs in which mode?
1. interactive mode
2. print mode
3. command mode
4. backup mode

Title
What mode is invoked when the user enters "python" at the command prompt?
type
mc
Section
1.4 Becoming Familiar with Your Programming Environment
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-19

23. The Python compiler reads the file containing your source code and converts it to:
1. machine code
2. assembly code
3. byte code
4. virtual machine code

Title
What type of code is created by the Python compiler?
type
mc
 Section
1.4 Becoming Familiar with Your Programming Environment
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-20

24. What is the correct sequence of steps invoked by the Python Interpreter:
1. source code -> virtual machine -> byte code ->compiler
2. source code -> compiler -> byte code -> virtual machine
3. compiler -> source code -> virtual machine -> byte code
4. byte code -> virtual machine -> source code ->compiler

Title
What is the role of the Interpreter?
type
mc
Section
1.4 Becoming Familiar with Your Programming Environment
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-21

25. Which line in the following program is a comment line?

26. 1: print("Your lucky number is...")
27. 2: lucky = 7
28. 3: # Display the lucky number
29. 4: print(lucky)
1. Line number 1
2. Line number 2
3. Line number 3
4. Line number 4

Title
What is the syntax for a comment line?
type
mc
Section
1.5 Analyzing Your First Program
id
testbank-py-2-ch01-22
from
testbank-py-1-ch01-22

30. What is the purpose of a comment?

1. A comment provides information to the virtual machine
2. A comment provides information to the compiler
3. A comment provides information to the programmer
4. A comment provides information to the user running the program
 Title
What is the purpose of a comment?
type
mc
Section
1.5 Analyzing Your First Program
id
testbank-py-2-ch01-23
from
testbank-py-1-ch01-23

31. A collection of programming instructions that carry out a particular task is called a:
1. program
2. compiler
3. function
4. comment

Title
What is a collection of programming instructions called?
type
mc
Section
1.5 Analyzing Your First Program
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-24

32. To use or call a function, you need to specify:

1. the function name and its arguments
2. the function name only
3. the function name and at least one argument
4. the function name and a comment describing its use

Title
How do you call a function?
type
mc
Section
1.5 Analyzing Your First Program
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-25

33. A sequence of characters enclosed in quotes is called:

1. a string
2. a list
3. a function
4. an argument
 Title
What is a sequence of characters enclosed in quotes called?
type
mc
Section
1.5 Analyzing Your First Program
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-26

34. Which of the following is considered a string in Python?

1. Today is Wednesday
2. "Today is Wednesday"
3. # Today is Wednesday #
4. Today_is_Wednesday

Title
What is a string in Python?
type
mc
Section
1.5 Analyzing Your First Program
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-27

35. What is wrong with the following code snippet?

36. print("Hello")
print("World!")

1. The print function cannot be called twice

2. The print function is missing an argument
3. Nothing, the program prints Hello World on the same line
4. The second line should not be indented

Title
What is wrong with the code snippet?
type
mc
Section
1.5 Analyzing Your First Program
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-28

37. What is printed by the following code snippet?

print(25 + 84)

1. 2584
 2. 109
3. 25 + 84
4. Nothing, this code snipped causes a compile time error

Title
What is printed by a given code snippet?
type
mc
Section
1.5 Analyzing Your First Program
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-29

38. What is printed by the following code snippet?

print("The answer is", 25 + 84)

1. The answer is 2584

2. The answer is 109
3. The answer is 25 + 84
4. Nothing, this code snipped causes a compile time error

Title
What is printed by a given code snippet?
type
mc
Section
1.5 Analyzing Your First Program
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-30

39. What is printed by the following code snippet?

print("The answers are:", 4 + 3 * 2, 7 * 5 - 24)

1. The answers are: 10 11

2. The answers are: 14 11
3. The answers are: 24 10
4. Nothing, this code snipped causes a compile time error

Title
What is printed by a given code snippet?
type
mc
Section
1.5 Analyzing Your First Program
 id
testbank-py-1-ch01-31

40. What is printed by the following code snippet?

print("25 + 84")

1. 2584
2. 109
3. 25 + 84
4. Nothing, this code snipped causes a compile time error

Title
What is printed by a given code snippet?
type
mc
Section
1.5 Analyzing Your First Program
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-32

41. What is printed by the following code snippet?

print(Hello)

1. Nothing, an error is produced indicating that Hello is not defined

2. Hello
3. 'Hello'
4. "Hello"

Title
What is printed by a given code snippet?
type
mc
Section
1.5 Analyzing Your First Program
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-33

42. What is printed by the following code snippet?

print("Good", "Morning", "Class", "!")

1. GoodMorningClass!
2. Good Morning Class!
3. Good Morning Class !
4. nothing, this code produces a syntax error
 Title
What is printed by a given code snippet?
type
mc
Section
1.5 Analyzing Your First Program
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-34

43. What is another name for a compile-time error?

1. Logic error
2. Semantic error
3. Syntax error
4. Lexicographic error

Title
What is another name for a compile-time error?
type
mc
Section
1.6 Errors
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-35

44. Although the following code statement is valid, print(10/0), what will happen when
this code is executed?
1. The program prints 0
2. The error message ZeroDivisionError: int division or modulo by zero
is displayed
3. The program runs, but nothing is printed
4. The error message SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal

Title
What is another name for a compile-time error?
type
mc
Section
1.6 Errors
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-36

45. The programmer, not the compiler, is responsible for testing a program to identify what?
1. Undefined symbols
2. Syntax errors
3. Logic errors
4. Out-of-memory errors
 Title
The programmer, not the compiler, is responsible for testing a program to identify?
type
mc
Section
1.6 Errors
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-37

46. What is it called when you describe the steps that are necessary for finding a solution to a
problem in programming?
1. algorithm
2. compile
3. interpret
4. code

Title
What is it called when you describe the steps that are necessary for finding a solution to a
problem in programming?
type
mc
Section
1.7 Problem Solving: Algorithm Design
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-38

47. The following pseudocode calculates the total purchase price for an item including sales
tax, what is the missing last line?
48. Start by setting the total cost to zero.
49. Ask the user for the item cost.
50. Ask the user for the tax rate.
51. Set the item tax to item cost times tax rate.
_________________________________

1. Set the total cost to the item cost plus the tax rate.
2. Set the total cost to the item cost times the tax.
3. Set the total cost to the item cost plus the tax.
4. Set the total cost to the item tax.

Title
What is the missing pseudocode?
type
mc
Section
1.7 Problem Solving: Algorithm Design
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-39
52. What is the purpose of the following algorithm, written in pseudocode?
53. num = 0
54. Repeat the following steps 15 times
55. Ask user for next number
56. If userNum > num
57. num = userNum
58. Print num
1. To print out the 15 numbers
2. To find the smallest among 15 numbers
3. To search for a particular number among 15 numbers
4. To find the highest among 15 numbers

Title
What is the purpose of this algorithm?
type
mc
Section
1.7 Problem Solving: Algorithm Design
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-40

59. Which of the following is NOT an example of an algorithm?

1. A recipe to make chocolate chip cookies
2. A grocery list
3. Instructions for changing a flat tire
4. Steps required to calculate the amount of paint required to paint a room

Title
Which of the following is NOT an example of an algorithm?
type
mc
Section
1.7 Problem Solving: Algorithm Design
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-41

60. Which of the following pseudocode statements represents a decision?

1. For each number in a sequence...
2. While the balance is > 0
3. total cost = unit cost + tax
4. if total cost > 15

Title
Which of the following pseudocode statements represents a decision statement?
type
mc
Section
 1.7 Problem Solving: Algorithm Design
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-42

61. Which of the following pseudocode statements represents a repetition statement?

1. if total cost > 15
2. set i equal to 3
3. total cost = unit cost + tax
4. while the balance is > 0

Title
Which of the following pseudocode statements represents a repetition statement?
type
mc
Section
1.7 Problem Solving: Algorithm Design
id
testbank-py-2-ch01-43
from
testbank-py-1-ch01-43

62. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

1. Pseudocode should be unambiguous.
2. Pseudocode should be executable.
3. Pseudocode should be properly formatted.
4. Pseudocode should be terminating.

Title
Which of the following is NOT important when writing pseudocode?
type
mc
Section
1.7 Problem Solving: Algorithm Design
id
testbank-py-2-ch01-44
from
testbank-py-1-ch01-44

63. Imagine that you are planning to buy a new cell phone. After doing some research, you
have determined that there are two different cell phones that will meet your needs. These
cell phones have different purchase prices and each mobile service provider charges a
different rate for each minute that the cell phone is used. In order to determine which cell
phone is the better buy, you need to develop an algorithm to calculate the total cost of
purchasing and using each cell phone. Which of the following options lists all the inputs
needed for this algorithm?
1. The cost of each cell phone and the rate per minute for each cell phone
 2. The cost of each cell phone and the number of minutes provided with each cell
phone
3. The cost of each cell phone, the rate per minute for each cell phone, and the
number of minutes provided with each cell phone
4. The cost of each cell phone, the rate per minute for each cell phone, and the
number of minutes you would use the cell phone

Title
Which inputs do you need to calculate cost of purchasing/using cell phone?
type
mc
Section
1.7 Problem Solving: Algorithm Design
id
testbank-py-2-ch01-45
from
testbank-py-1-ch01-45

64. In order to run Python programs, the computer needs to have software called a(n)?
1. debugger
2. interpreter
3. windows
4. assembler

Title
Software needed to run Python on a computer?
type
mc
Section
1.3 The Python Programming Language
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-46

65. A Python interpreter is:

1. a folder hierarchy
2. a piece of hardware
3. a piece of software
4. a type of secondary storage

Title
What is a Python virtual machine?
type
mc
Section
1.4 Becoming Familiar with Your Programming Environment
id
 testbank-py-2-ch01-47
from
testbank-py-1-ch01-47

66. Consider the following pseudocode. What does it produce?

67. Create a list of consecutive integers from two to n (2, 3, 4, ..., n).
68. Initially, let p equal 2.
69. Repeat the following steps until p is greater than n:
70. Remove all of the multiples of p less than or equal to n from the
list.
71. If the list contains a number greater than p
72. Find the first number remaining in the list greater than p.
73. Replace p with this number.
74. Otherwise set p equal to n + 1
1. All even numbers up to n
2. All factorial numbers up to n
3. All odd numbers up to n
4. All prime numbers up to n

Title
Software needed to run Python on a computer?
type
mc
Section
1.7 Problem Solving: Algorithm Design
id
testbank-py-2-ch01-48
from
testbank-py-1-ch01-48

75. Consider the following pseudocode. What does it produce?

76. Set a = 0
77. Set b = 0
78. Set c = 1
79. Set d = 1
80. Report the value of d
81. Repeat until a equals 10
82. Set d = b + c
83. Set b = c
84. Set c = d
85. Add 1 to a
86. Report the value of d
1. 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89
2. 1 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
3. 1 1 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Title
What does this algorithm produce?
type
 mc
Section
1.7 Problem Solving: Algorithm Design
id
testbank-py-2-ch01-49
from
testbank-py-1-ch01-49

87. A sequence of steps that is unambiguous, executable, and terminating is called:

1. a logarithm
2. a programming task
3. an algorithm
4. pseudocode

Title
What is a list of steps that are unambiguous, executable, and terminating called?
type
mc
Section
1.7 Problem Solving: Algorithm Design
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-50

88. Which of the follow statements is most correct?

1. Computer programs are comprised of a large number of simple instructions.
2. Computer programs are comprised of a large number of sophisticated instructions.
3. Computer programs are comprised of a small number of simple instructions.
4. Computer programs are comprised of a small number of sophisticated
instructions.

Title
What are computer programs comprised of?
type
mc
Section
1.1 Computer Programs
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-51

89. Which of the following is not a benefit of the Python programming language compared
to other popular programming languages like Java, C and C++?
1. Python encourages experimentation and rapid turn around
2. Python has a cleaner syntax
3. Python is easier to use
4. Python programs run more quickly
 Title
What are the benefits of Python compared to other programming languages?
type
mc
Section
1.3 The Python Programming Language
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-52

90. Which of the following code segments will display Hello World! when it is run?
1. print(Hello "," World"!")
2. print("Hello", "World!")
3. print("Hello", "World", "!")
4. print("Hello", ",", "World", "!")

Title
Which code segment displays the desired result?
type
mc
Section
1.5 Analyzing Your First Program
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-53

91. When a function is called, the values placed in parentheses are referred to as:
1. arguments
2. keywords
3. operators
4. statements

Title
What are the parts of a function call?
type
mc
Section
1.5 Analyzing Your First Program
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-54

92. Which type of error is usually the most difficult to locate in your program?
1. Indentation Error
2. Logic Error
3. Syntax Error
4. Zero Division Error

Title
Which type of error is most difficult to locate?
type
mc
Section
1.6 Errors
id
testbank-py-1-ch01-55
Other documents randomly have
different content
many a sigh has been breathed and many a vow offered in vain.
Notwithstanding these places thus resemble each other, I would here
observe that you are not at liberty to be particular in your choice,
because you may have known or heard of persons and events in
either of them similar to those here described. What happens in one
place may happen in another, and he who travels far and wide will
find the human family every where agitated by the same feelings
and the same passions, and that all the elements that enter into the
history of the world, may be found in any one town or village,
directing and controlling the destinies of its inhabitants.

Leaving however, to the historian and the philosopher, the task of

writing the history of the world, and developing the secret springs of
human action, and to sager heads to read them, than that of my fair
correspondent,—I will only ask your attention to what will be more
congenial to your wishes, and a more easily understood subject, a
tale of "Ladye Love," in which some of my younger friends and
feelings were deeply interested.

During our schoolboy days, I became acquainted with George

Marley; but we will pass over his earlier years, until he had arrived at
the age of twenty. As it is not my intention to enter upon a particular
analysis of form and features, mind or manners, I will leave your
imagination to make George whatever you please, not incompatible
with a "marvellously proper" young man, tall and straight, with raven
locks and eagle eye—with all those high intellectual qualities, and
that deep moral rectitude, which wins admiration and commands
esteem. Two years before I have here introduced him to you,
George's father was considered one of the most wealthy merchants
in the city, and George's education and hopes were in accordance
with his high expectations. But a series of disasters to which
commercial property is so very liable, swept away from Mr. Marley
every thing he possessed but the honorable and virtuous character
of himself and his family. At the time of his father's misfortune
George was taken from school, and placed in a merchant's counting
house, to qualify him for the active career of life thus early forced
upon him—a career in which he must depend upon his own
exertions for success, and in which he must win for himself, and by
himself, whatever he might obtain of fortune or of fame.

In the particular circumstances of his situation at this time, I am

aware there is nothing to excite your sympathy. Many thousands of
young men enter upon the active scenes of life under more
disadvantages than these—without friends, without a good
education, without early habits of propriety and rectitude, and yet
reach to the highest eminence and renown; and why might not
George Marley? The answer is simply, he loved! and would not love
inspire him with stronger and more powerful motives for exertion
and success?

Isabella Barclay was, if ever there was, a perfectly lovely girl. She
was one of those fair creatures that occasionally are seen among us,
but which seem to belong to a higher order of beings than those
inhabiting this lower world. It is not wonderful therefore that George
Marley should love her, or that she should love him. They did love,
truly—devotedly. They were too young to conceal it; there was no
cause for concealment. Every body knew it; their parents knew it,
and sanctioned it—and why should they not? Previously to the failure
of Mr. Marley, they were equal in fortune, in education, and in all
that could give promise of a certain and happy union. Although Mr.
Marley had fallen from affluence to comparative poverty, yet himself
and his family continued to enjoy the respect of all their
acquaintance; and the particular friendship that had existed between
Mr. Marley and Mr. Barclay, and their respective families, to all
appearance suffered no interruption.

The misfortunes of Mr. Marley, although it had blighted the hopes of

George, had no effect on Isabella but to excite her pity and
strengthen her love. She was too young to calculate chances or
consequences—she had not loved George for his father's wealth, but
for himself; and while he remained the same, her affections were
immutable. Thus reasoned this pure and amiable girl; and for the
two years that elapsed from the time of the unfortunate failure of
Mr. Marley, up to that at which we commenced our tale, George was
happy in the expectation of ere long being enabled to raise his own
fallen fortune, and happier in the tried sincerity of his Isabella's love.

I need not stop to tell you of the thousand hopes and fears,
pleasures and pains, our lovers suffered or enjoyed: I suppose they
were such as are common to all the votaries of the fickle God. Their
attachment had commenced at school, and we have continued it
until he had arrived at the age of twenty, and she seventeen, and at
no time had any interruption to its progress taken place. If you have
paid any attention to these love affairs, you will have observed the
great difference there is between those where the attachment
commences early in life, and the parties grow up together, forming
and moulding their feelings, their wishes, their amusements, their
tastes, their whole heart and soul, by the same model; and those
"whom accident or blind chance" bring together, and from some
peculiarity of form or mind, for a while deem themselves in love with
each other. With the former, it is the web of their existence, which,
once broken, can never be woven again; with the latter, it is "like a
lady's glove," put off as easily as it is put on, and with whose last
sigh passes away all its pleasures and its pains, leaving no "wreck
behind." As that of George and Isabella was of the former kind, and
as no objection had been made on the inequality of their fortunes,
and as he was about to enter into business for himself under the
fairest prospects, their marriage when they should arrive at a proper
age, was looked for by themselves and all others as beyond the
reach of doubt or contingency. What contingency could happen?
Their known engagement, his constant attention, and her
acknowledged affection for him, formed an impassable barrier to the
advances that otherwise would have been made by many who
admired her. Indeed, you and I would suppose that no one would
attempt to mar their promised happiness, or wish to win hearts that
had so long beat for each other, and each other only. Yet did the
spoiler come! and where will he not come? Since he first found his
way into the Garden of Eden, and blasted the happiness of our
common parents, where is the paradise some spoiler has not
entered? where the scene of love and harmony he has not
attempted to break up and destroy?

In the particular city to which we have alluded, there lived a

bachelor of upwards of double the age of George Marley, although
his appearance was younger than his age would have indicated; with
few personal attractions, he had but little education; and no more of
common sense, or any other kind of sense, than fitted him for the
accumulation of wealth. As he sustained a respectable character,
was called rich, and lived in a style of comparative splendor, he was
of course one of the good society of the city, and a desirable match
for any daughter a mother wished to sell to the highest bidder. If Mr.
Simson, for such was this gentleman's name, ever had had any
feelings of the heart—if he ever was susceptible of a pure and holy
love; the associations, habits, and pursuits of his whole life, had long
since deadened them all, or made them subservient to his will, an
article of trade or commerce, of marketable value, to bestow them
on the wife of his bosom, as a Pacha bestows his on the last fairest
slave his wealth has purchased. But you may ask what Mr. Simson
has to do with the loves of George and Isabella? Ah! my dear girl,
old, ignorant and cold hearted as he may be, he is the arbiter of
their fate. It is in his power to give them years of happiness, or it is
in his power to blight their buds of promise, and send them
prematurely to their graves! and why? because he is rich! I know
your young heart rejects the supposition that such a man would, or
could, break their bonds of mutual love, that thus seemed to have
been formed and strengthened under the auspices of heaven,—that
he by any means could "pluck from the brows of their innocent love,
the rose, and place a blister there." I know you anticipate that he
will appropriate a part of his wealth to establish George in business,
or will die and leave it all to him; that thus he will be enabled to wed
his Isabella, and their lives thenceforth "go merry as a marriage
bell." Alas! how little do we know of ourselves or our destiny! how
unseen or mistaken may be the path that leads to high and happy
places, or that which leads to misery and despair!
Nothing is more painful to my mind, than to witness a beautiful girl
thrown into the alluring and deceptive scenes of life without a
mother's guardianship. No other heart can sympathise with her, no
other hand direct her course. She does not feel for them, and they
cannot feel with her! Others may warn and advise her, but none but
a mother's watchful eye can perceive, and a mother's tender care
guard or direct her young affections. Isabella had a mother. But Mrs.
Barclay was a woman of the world. In early life she may have loved,
and that love may have been successful and happy; or she may have
married for convenience, to gratify some darling passion, and never
have known the deep feelings of a long cherished affection. No
matter what was the history of her younger days, they had passed
away, and with them all their sympathies and all their influence. She
was now a woman of the world—a fashionable lady. She loved her
daughter, and to make that daughter happy was the chief object of
her care. The notions of happiness entertained by this worthy
matron, was such as thousands and thousands believe, yet never
find true. The show, the glare of wealth and its attendants, the
unsatisfying yet exciting routine of fashionable life, were to her every
thing; and that calm, pure and virtuous happiness which springs in
the heart, and is cherished by its high and heavenly attributes, were
to her unknown, or as nothing. With such views, it was not to be
expected that she would look upon the attachment of George and
Isabella in the most favorable light, or promote its continuance,
when it interfered with any other more splendid prospect that might
offer. Such a prospect did offer; and that being who of all others
should have directed her young and unsuspecting offspring in the
path of truth and rectitude; by a course of deceptions, endeavored
to induce Isabella to forsake her first and only love, and unite herself
to one who was incapable of loving her, and who she could never
love—to Mr. Simson! George was early apprised of her purpose, and
did all a true and noble mind could do, to avert the blow she was
preparing for him. His fears were always lulled by the unwavering
love of Isabella, and her vows of constancy. He believed her true,
and she believed herself true. But the continual and insidious efforts
of her mother and her fashionable friends, poisoned her mind; and,
tired of their importunities, she at length yielded to their
persuasions. George was too proud to let the world triumph in the
prostration of his hopes; as soon therefore as he was assured of her
infidelity, he set sail for South America.

Isabella's abandonment of George, and her affiance to Mr. Simson,

were events soon known, and as soon attracted the attention of
their acquaintance. It was perceptible to every one, that her
character had passed away with him who had so long given it its
tone and direction. Freed from him who had from her infancy been
the source and the companion of all her pleasures, she visited every
public and private amusement or assembly, and was every where
remarkable for her vivid and reckless gaiety. Those who judged by
appearances deemed her happy in her new situation; but those who
looked beneath the surface, saw only in these wild demonstrations
of joy, the vain efforts to banish from her heart "the worm that
dyeth not."

Some months after the departure of George, Mr. Simson and Isabella
were married. From the time the latter had broken her vows to
George, all intimacy between her and myself had ceased. I was not
therefore at her wedding, but it was said to be numerous and
brilliant—the bride splendidly decorated, lovely, and the gayest of
the gay.

For a few short years after her marriage, although I lived in a distant
part of the country, I could hear of Isabella, now Mrs. Simson. For
sometime she apparently luxuriated in the golden vision, for which
had been sacrificed her earliest and fondest anticipations. She gave
the largest parties, and the most splendid fetes, and the fashionable
world pronounced her marriage fortunate. But soon this illusory
existence vanished, and I learned, what nothing can conceal, that
the decay which halteth not had settled itself upon her beautiful
form. A few months and she was confined to her house, and then to
her room, and then to her bed—and then came from her a brief but
thrilling letter, ardently desiring me to come to her before she died. I
did go; and did hear from her dying lips, how a mother's mistaken
love had made her faithless, and of the years of hopeless and bitter
anguish that followed and dragged her down to the grave. I have
stood by the dying bed of friends and relations—I have seen the last
struggle of a father, of brothers and sisters, and for all of these I
have had deep sorrow. But it was in the presence of that broken
hearted sufferer, and from the revealings and monitions of her
departing spirit, I learned that enduring lesson of life, which time nor
circumstance can ever obliterate. Yes! my dear girl; it was there I
received that lesson which I have so often endeavored to impress
upon your mind,—to guard you against the snares that are every
where spread by those who have wrecked their own happiness, to
draw the young and thoughtless into the vortex of their own dazzling
but heartless pleasures. Could you have been in that chamber, and
have seen and known how one so lovely, and whose morning of life
was so fair, had been snatched from the world of her bright dreams,
—prostrating in her fall all the years of earthly bliss that might have
been hers, and all the proud aspirations, the promised felicity of him,
the betrothed of her heart,—you would never again breathe one
sigh, or one wish,—or weaken one chord of pure affection, for all
that wealth and fashion can promise or bestow.

A few days after this interview, she left this world of trouble,—and
the papers of the day, announced in the usual manner,—Died, on the
—— instant, of a "pulmonary complaint," Mrs. Simson, wife of Mr.
—— Simson; and who thought otherwise? who of all that
surrounded her, could deem she had a heart to break? Thus she
passed away; and the world, busied with its own little and great
schemes, soon ceased to remember that she had ever lived, or
loved, or died.

With Isabella ends our tale. And it is only necessary in conclusion to

say, that George never knew how fully and fearfully she had atoned
for her fatal error. Before I had an opportunity of communicating to
him my last painful interview with her,—and her prayers for his
happiness and forgiveness, he had fallen in the struggle of South
America for liberty and independence. Mrs. Barclay is still alive, and
so is Mr. Simson, though now some ten years older than when he led
Isabella a victim to the altar. I presume he is still in the market; he is
ten years older, he is ten years richer, and thus doubly desirable to
those mothers who love their daughters, and wish to have them well
married.

I have endeavored to be as brief as possible, but my letter has

extended itself too long, and yet I fear it is too short to make that
impression I could wish. I cannot but hope, however, that Isabella's
fate will awaken in your breast, as it did in mine, those reflections
that will lead you justly to appreciate how false and empty are the
world's opinions, when compared with the conscientious dictates of
our own calm and unbiassed judgment,—and determine you to
choose that life whence rises and flows the streams of all our earthly
happiness. If I have failed, and that flower which now blooms so fair
and fragrant by the banks of Powhatan, should be plucked by a hand
insensible to its sweets, to ornament some princely hall, and wither
amid all its splendor, then you may recollect the warning voice, and
think of one, though humble, who would have sacrificed every other
hope of happiness to cherish that flower—you may then remember
——

B——.

For the Southern Literary Messenger.

SKETCH OF VIRGINIA SCENERY.

The following Sketch of Virginia Scenery is sent with the hope the author will excuse
the liberty taken, as it was written without the slightest idea of its being ever
published, by a traveller through some of the scenes of Western Virginia:—
"It was a charming evening—the sky was almost cloudless, and the
sultry air of summer seemed to be gradually giving way to the cool
and refreshing breezes of autumn. Accompanied by a few
companions and some persons acquainted with the surrounding
country, I ascended the large and romantic rock near the village of
Rockymount, known by the name of the 'Bald Knob.' This rock is
about 200 feet above the level of the water, and the ascent
exceedingly steep and difficult. Its name is indeed descriptive of its
general character and appearance, which are calculated to strike
more by its novelty of height and rugged aspect, than its beauty of
herbage or richness of attire.—We wound up among ledges of rock,
and now and then found our progress retarded by the intervention
of some stunted cedars and oaks, which had clung to a soil which
would seem hardly able to afford any sustenance, except to the
moss, long celebrated for its fondness for the flinty rock. This moss,
consisting of several rich and beautiful species, has wove a seeming
carpet of the most vivid green, and surpasses in softness the finest
fabrics of the Turkish looms. Delighted and amused, we strolled from
cliff to cliff, gazing on the works of Omnipotence, which arose
around, above, beneath us, and feasting our delighted senses on the
rich magnificence of the scenes presented from its summit. The lofty
mountains dimly seen from afar; the 'rural cottages' in the vales
below; the smoke richly curling from the unseen hamlets among the
lofty trees; the startling sound of the huntsman's gun re-echoed
from the rocky heights—were an assemblage of pleasures rarely
enjoyed by so short an excursion. The 'Peaks of Otter,' appeared
with much distinctness and beauty, while a rich and variegated cloud
seemed to rest on their summit, as though it had stooped to gaze
with us on their magnificent heights. A branch of the Alleghany is
also visible between two lofty hills, and the blue tints that rested on
its brow, contrasted with the glowing greens of the adjacent forests,
presented to the eye a grateful and pleasing variety of shade.—The
picturesque village of Rockymount appears to much advantage from
this rock, and the country around is one of much wild and romantic
beauty. Long did we gaze on the works of nature's God,—displayed
in majestic, rural, and beautiful scenes; and then turning from these
glorious manifestations of wisdom and power, traced the names of
many a youthful swain and maid, who had chiselled out their initials
on the flinty rock, urged no doubt by the puerile ambition of being
remembered long after they had ceased to roam among its rocky
alcoves. There could the poet's soul catch sparks of inspiration from
nature's open volume, and the painter's pencil vainly strive to touch
with living lines his there faithless canvass. 'Who can paint like
nature?' would echo from each lovely object; and man, in all his
pride of nature and of art, shrink from the task of copying her rich
and gorgeous dyes. There would the Christian pour out his soul in
adoration and praise; and, lost in contemplation of the Hand that
raised the mountains and spread out the plain, stoop not to draw his
sources of delight from the poorer, yet still rich pleasures afforded to
the carnal mind. The fanciful may, aided by this sketch, catch a
glimpse of the beauties of the scenes,—but let them, like me, view
them as they are, and they will own how far the reality exceeds the
most vivid colorings of even a wild and enthusiastic admirer of the
works of nature's God."

J. W. C.

September, 1832.

From the Scottish Literary Gazette.

COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE.

There lived in a country not a thousand miles from Edinburgh, a
decent farmer, who, by patient industry and frugality, and without
being avaricious, had made himself easy in circumstances. He
enjoyed life without being profuse; for he tempered his enjoyments
with moderation. At the age of sixty, he still retained the bloom of
health on his cheek. He lived till that age a bachelor; but his
household affairs were regulated by a young woman, whose
attentive zeal for her master's interest made it easy for him to enjoy
his home without a wife. She was only in the character of his humble
servant, but she was virtuous and prudent. Betty allotted the tasks
to the servants in the house, performed the labor within doors,
during harvest, when all the others were engaged. She saw every
thing kept in order, and regulated all with strict regard to economy
and cleanliness. She had the singular good fortune to be at once
beloved by her fellow-servants, as well as respected and trusted by
her master. Her master even consulted her in matters where he
knew she could give advice, and found it often his interest to do so.
But her modesty was such, that she never tendered her advices
gratuitously. Prudence regulated all her actions, and she kept the
most respectful distance from her master. She paid all attention to
his wants and wishes; nor could a wife or daughter have been more
attentive. When he happened to be from home, it was her province
to wait upon him when he returned, provide his refreshment, and
administer to all his wants. Then she reported to him the
occurrences of the day, and the work which had been done. It did
not escape her master's observation, however, that, though she was
anxious to relate the truth, she still strove to extenuate and hide the
faults of those who had committed misdemeanors. Her whole
conduct was such, that, for the period of fifteen years, the breath of
slander dared not to hazard a whisper against her.

It happened, however, that a certain maiden lady in the

neighborhood had cast an eye upon the farmer. She was the niece of
a bachelor minister, and lived at the manse in the character of
housekeeper. But, with all opportunity to become a competitor with
Betty, she could never gain her character. Those people who want
personal attractions take strange means of paying court, and
endeavoring to open the way for themselves. What they cannot
effect by treaty, they endeavor to do by sapping. Scandal is their
magazine, by which they attempt to clear their way from all
obstructions. This maiden lady made some sinister remarks, in such
a way, and in such a place, as were sure to reach the farmer's ear.
The farmer was nearly as much interested for the character of his
servant as he was for his own, and so soon as he discovered the
authoress, made her a suitable return. But he made ample amends
to Betty for the injury she had suffered, and, at the same time,
rewarded her for her services, by taking her for his wife. By this
event, the lady, whose intentions had been well understood, and
who had thought of aggrandizing herself at the expense and ruin of
poor Betty, found that she had contributed the very means to
advance her to the realization of a fortune she had never hoped for.
May all intermeddlers of the same cast have the same punishment:
they are pests to society.

Betty's success had created some speculation in the country. Though

every one agreed that Betty deserved her fortune, it was often
wondered how such a modest, unassuming girl had softened the
heart of the bachelor, who, it was thought, was rather flinty in
regard to the fair sex. Betty had an acquaintance, who was situated
in nearly the same circumstances as herself, in being at the head of
a bachelor farmer's house; but it would appear that she had formed
a design of conquering her master. If Betty used artifice, however, it
was without design. But her neighbor could not, it would appear,
believe that she had brought the matter to a bearing without some
stratagem; and she wished Betty to tell her how she had gone about
"courting the old man." There was, withal, so much native simplicity
about Betty, and the manner of relating her own courtship and
marriage is so like herself, that it would lose its naïveté unless told in
her own homely Scotch way. Betty, into all, had a lisp in her speech,
that is, a defect in speech, by which the s is always pronounced as
th, which added a still deeper shade of simplicity to her manner; but
it would be trifling to suit the orthography to that common defect.
The reader can easily suppose that he hears Betty lisping, while she
is relating her story to her attentive friend.

"Weel, Betty," says her acquaintance, "come, gi'e me a sketch, an'

tell me a' about it; for I may ha'e a chance mysel'. We dinna ken
what's afore us. We're no the waur o' ha'ein' some body to tell us
the road, whan we dinna ken a' the cruiks and thraws in't." "Deed,"
says Betty, "there was little about it ava. Our maister was awa at the
fair ae day selling the lambs, and it was gey late afore he cam'
hame. Our maister verra seldom steys late, for he's a douce man as
can be. Weel, ye see, he was mair herty than I had seen him for a
lang time; but I opine he had a gude merket for his lambs, and
ther's room for excuse whan ane drives a gude bergen. Indeed, to
tell even on truth, he had rather better than a wee drap in his e'e. It
was my usual to sit up till he cam' hame, when he was awa. When
he cam' in and gaed up stairs, he fand his sipper ready for him.
'Betty,' says he, very saft-like. 'Sir,' says I. 'Betty,' says he, 'what has
been gaun on the day—a's right, I houp?' 'Ouy, sir,' says I. 'Very
weel, very weel,' says he, in his ain canny way. He ga'e me a clap on
the shouther, and said I was a gude lassie. When I had telt him a'
that had been dune throu' the day, just as I aye did, he ga'e me
another clap on the shouther, and said he was a fortunate man to
ha'e sic a carefu' person about the house. I never had heard him say
as muckle to my face before, tho' he aften said mair ahint my back.
I really thocht he was fey. Our maister, when he had gotten his
sipper finished, began to be verra joky ways, and said that I was
baith a gude and bonny lassie. I kent that folks arna' themsels whan
in drink, and they say rather mair than they wad do if they were
sober. Sae I cam' awa' doon into the kitchen.

"Twa or three days after that, our maister cam' into the kitchen
—'Betty,' says he. 'Sir,' says I. 'Betty,' says he, 'come up stairs; I
want to speak t'ye,' says he. 'Verra weel, sir,' says I. Sae I went up
stairs after him, thinking a' the road that he was gaun to tell me
something about the feeding o' the swine, or killing the heefer, or
something like that. But whan he telt me to sit doun, I saw there
was something serious, for he never bad me sit doun afore but ance,
and that was whan he was gaun to Glasgow fair. 'Betty,' says he, 'ye
ha'e been lang a servant to me,' says he, 'and a gude and honest
servant. Since ye're sae gude a servant, I aften think ye'll make a
better wife. Ha'e ye ony objection to be a wife, Betty?' says he. 'I
dinna ken, sir,' says I. 'A body canna just say hou they like a bargain
till they see the article.' 'Weel, Betty,' says he, 'ye're very right there
again. I ha'e had ye for a servant these fifteen years, and I never
knew that I could find fau't wi' ye for onything. Ye're carefu', honest,
an' attentif, an'—.' 'O, sir,' says I, 'ye always paid me for't, and it was
only my duty,' 'Weel, weel,' says he, 'Betty, that's true; but then I
mean to mak' amens t'ye for the evil speculation that Tibby
Langtongue raised about you and me, and forby, the warld are
taking the same liberty: sae, to stop a' their mouths, you and I sall
be married.' 'Verra weel, sir,' says I; for what cou'd I say?

"Our maister looks into the kitchen another day, an' says, 'Betty,'
says he. 'Sir,' says I. 'Betty,' says he, 'I am gaun to gi'e in our names
to be cried in the kirk, this and next Sabbath.' 'Verra weel, sir,' says
I.

"About eight days after this, our maister says to me, 'Betty,' says he.
'Sir,' says I. 'I think,' says he, 'we will ha'e the marriage put owre
neist Friday, if ye ha'e nae objection.' 'Verra weel, sir,' says I. 'And
ye'll tak' the grey yad, and gang to the toun on Monday, an' get your
bits o' wedding braws. I ha'e spoken to Mr. Cheap, the draper, and
ye can tak' aff onything ye want, an' please yoursell, for I canna get
awa that day.' 'Verra weel, sir,' says I.

"Sae I gaed awa to the toun on Monday, an' bought some wee bits
o' things; but I had plenty o' claes, and I cou'dna think o' being
'stravagant. I took them to the manty-maker, to get made, and they
were sent hame on Thursday.

"On Thursday night, our maister says to me, 'Betty,' says he. 'Sir,'
says I. 'To-morrow is our wedding-day,' says he, 'an' ye maun see
that a' things are prepared for the denner,' says he, 'an' see every
thing dune yoursel,' says he, 'for I expect some company, an' I wad
like to see every thing feat and tiddy in your ain way,' says he. 'Verra
weel, sir,' says I.

"I had never ta'en a serious thought about the matter till now; and I
began to consider that I must exert mysel to please my maister and
the company. Sae I got every thing in readiness, and got every thing
clean—I cou'dna think ought was dune right except my ain hand was
in't.

"On Friday morning, our maister says to me, 'Betty,' says he. 'Sir,'
says I. 'Go away and get yoursel dressed,' says he, 'for the company
will soon be here, and ye maun be decent. An' ye maun stay in the
room up stairs,' says he, 'till ye're sent for,' says he. 'Verra weel, sir,'
says I. But there was sic a great deal to do, and sae many grand
dishes to prepare for the dinner to the company, that I could not get
awa', and the hail folk were come afore I got mysel dressed.

"Our maister cam' doun stairs, and telt me to go up that instant and
dress mysel, for the minister was just comin doun the loan. Sae I
was obliged to leave every thing to the rest of the servants, an' gang
up stain, an' pit on my claes.

"When I was wanted, Mr. Brown o' the Haaslybrae cam' and took me
into the room among a' the gran' fouk, an' the minister. I was maist
like to fent; for I never saw sae mony gran' folk together a' my born
days afore, an' I didna ken whar to look. At last, our maister took
me by the han', an' I was greatly relieved. The minister said a great
deal to us—but I canna mind it a'—and then he said a prayer. After
this, I thought I should ha'e been worried wi' folk kissing me,—mony
a yin shook hands wi' me I had never seen afore, and wished me
much joy.

"After the ceremony was o'er, I slipped awa' doun into the kitchen
again amang the rest o' the servants to see if the dinner was a'
right. But in a wee time our maister cam' into the kitchen, an' says,
'Betty,' says he. 'Sir,' says I. 'Betty,' says he, 'ye must consider that
ye're no longer my servant, but my wife,' says he; 'and therefore ye
must come up stairs and sit amongst the rest of the company,' says
he. 'Verra weel, sir,' says I. Sae what could I do, but gang up stairs
to the rest of the company, an' sit doun among them? I sat there in
a corner, as weel out o' sight as I could, for they were a' speaking to
me or looking at me, an' I didna ken how to behave amang sic braw
company, or how to answer them. I sat there till it was gey late, and
our maister made me drink the company's healths, and they gaed a'
away.

"When the company were a' gaen awa', I went doun to the kitchen,
and saw that every thing was right; and after I put a candle into my
maister's bed-room, I took another, and gaed away up to my ain
wee room, in the garret. Just whan I was casting aff my shune, I
hears our maister first gang into his ain room, and then come
straight awa' up towards mine. I think I can hear him yet, for it was
siccan extraord'nar thing, and I never saw him there afore; and
every stamp o' his feet gaed thunt, thunt to my very hert. He stood
at the cheek o' the door, and said, very saftly, 'Betty,' says he. 'Sir,'
says I—'But what brought ye here, sir,' says I. 'Naething,' says he.
'Verra weel, naething be it, sir,' says I. 'But,' says he, 'remember that
ye're no longer my servant, but my wife,' says he. 'Verra weel, sir,'
says I; 'I will remember that.' 'And ye must come down stairs,' says
he. 'Verra weel, sir,' says I; for what could I do? I had always obeyed
my maister before, and it was nae time to disobey him now.

"Sae, Jean, that was a' that was about my courtship or marriage."

For the Southern Literary Messenger.

 REMINISCENCE:

OR, STORY OF A SHIPWRECK.

In the year 1797, I left the United States, having under my control a
new clipper built schooner of about eighty tons, bound to Cape
Francais, in the island of St. Domingo, with a cargo, chiefly
munitions of war, for the colonial government of that island. The
harbor of Cape Francais is one of the best in the world,—capacious,
safe, and of easy access; the entrance under a high point of land,—
on the side of which is a strong fortification called Fort Picolet, which
completely commands the pass. Above the fort, on very elevated
ground, was placed the observatory, in view of the town, although
two or three miles distant.

England being then at war with France, and having the command of
the West India seas, the direct intercourse of the island with France
was rare and uncertain—European news generally reaching them by
the way of the United States. My business at the Cape being nearly
finished, it became necessary, for a particular mercantile speculation,
that I should return to the United States by the way of St. Thomas.
Three or four days before I was prepared to sail, early one forenoon,
I observed all at once a singular excitement in the streets,—drums
beating, alarm guns firing, &c. Upon making inquiry into the
occasion, I was informed that the signals at the observatory
indicated a fleet to windward standing for the port. The leading
frigate was soon seen from the town, making signals to the fort, and
without molestation stood directly in, and proved to be a squadron
from France, under the command of Commodore Barney, with a
number of prizes in company, which altogether made a very
imposing appearance. The day before I had intended to leave the
Cape, I was accosted in the street by a stout sailor looking man,
who civilly inquired if I had not a vessel in port bound to St Thomas,
and could he get a passage in her—adding, that he was an
Englishman, had been captain of one of the brigs then in port,
captured by Commodore Barney, on his passage out from Liverpool
to Barbadoes; and as he had not been armed he was not held as a
prisoner, but turned ashore pennyless, to shift for himself as he best
might—that could he get to St. Thomas, he could raise funds by bills
on his consignees at Barbadoes, and would pay whatever the charge
might be for his passage up. I told him I believed that it was the
custom for unfortunate seamen to receive assistance from their
fellows, without thinking of recompense—that he was entirely
welcome to a passage; and as the schooner would leave the port
early the next morning, I would give him a note to the captain, and
advise him to take his baggage and go immediately on board. He
observed that his baggage was easily removed—that although he
had considerable property on board of the brig when captured,
belonging to himself, the captors had left him nothing but a sailor's
bag to take care of. Next morning we left Cape Francais, with a view
of beating up to St Thomas. This is a voyage of some difficulty,
being a distance of some six or seven hundred miles, with the trade
wind dead ahead. Navigators of those seas know that in this
passage there is a dangerous reef of sunken rocks, whose sharp
points rarely reach the surface, called the Silver Keys, lying about
midway between the northeast part of the island of St. Domingo,
and the cluster of islands, keys and shoals, east of Turk's Island; and
although the passage is probably a hundred miles wide, and the reef
covers but a small space, yet many a fine vessel has been wrecked
thereon. Knowing perfectly well the existence and location of this
dangerous reef, and making my own observations on the run of the
vessel, I had calculated on the third night that we were out—that if
we neither saw nor heard any thing of it by midnight, we should
have passed it; I therefore kept the deck until that hour, when
concluding all was safe, went below. I had got to sleep, when I was
awoke by the vessel's bottom and sides rubbing violently against the
rocks. I immediately got upon deck, and looking round found we
were in a most perilous situation; on all sides surrounded by rocks,
which were plainly known by the waves gently breaking upon them.
The moon was near her full, occasionally obscured by passing clouds
—the wind moderate. The schooner was instantly put about, under
the expectation of finding the way out by which we entered; she had
only got cleverly under way when she went bows on, upon a sunken
sharp pointed rock, and remained stationary. An immediate
examination was made, when it was discovered that the rock had
penetrated her bottom, and the water was pouring in. Our situation
was in the highest degree alarming—the schooner evidently lost,
and no chance for our safety but the boat, which for a vessel of
eighty tons could not be large. There was nine of us, the captain,
mate, English captain, myself and five colored seamen. Fortunately
the weather was mild; the vessel quietly hanging to the rock, and
not filling very fast, gave us time to make our arrangements. The
boat was launched, a mast and sail prepared, short stanchions
nailed to her gunwale, and a strip of sail cloth attached thereto, for
the purpose of raising her sides, to prevent the spray of the sea
washing in. We took also on board, the ship's compass, a bag of
biscuit, a keg of water, and some bottles of brandy. No baggage was
permitted. My own dress was shirt, pantaloons, shoes, hat, and an
old surtout coat. I had taken the precaution to secure the papers
relative to the voyage, my watch, and about sixty Spanish dollars
tied up in a shot bag; the bag of dollars I made fast to the ringbolt
in the boat's stern. We were probably a couple of hours in making
those preparations. At length the schooner being nearly full of water,
we settled ourselves in the boat and left her,—the captain, who
steered, and myself in the stern sheets, the mate and English
captain next, two of the seamen midships, with tin cans to bail the
water out as it should splash in, the others forward. I had little
expectation that the boat could possibly live as deeply loaded as she
was, and such I believe was the opinion of all on board,—for the first
two or three hours there was not a dozen words spoken. It was our
object to make the island of St. Domingo, from which we were fifty
or sixty miles distant, as soon as possible. To effect this all our
exertions were used; but so miserably rigged as we were, and so
deep withal, that we could do little more than run before the wind.
Our oars were some how or other of little use. On the first day we
made, that is we had a very distant view of land, on our larboard
bow, which we supposed to be Point Isabella, the most northern
part of the island of St. Domingo; the wind would not permit us to
reach it. In the evening we had a severe squall; the wind blew, the
waves increased; we lowered our sail, just sufficient to keep before
the wind. Soon it commenced raining hard, the waves were stilled,
we rode out the storm, and began to breathe more freely—entered
into conversation, and entertained hopes of our ultimate safety, by
getting to land somewhere, or being picked up; but neither land nor
vessel appeared during the whole of the second day, we still running
before the wind, making as much southing as the nature of our
equipment would permit. On the morning of the third day we found
ourselves off Monti Christi, and might probably have reached the
land; but by this time we had become confident in our power to
sustain ourselves, and determined to run for Cape Francais, which
then lay direct to leeward, and which we reached in perfect safety
about three o'clock that afternoon. Thus terminated a voyage of
about two hundred and fifty miles, in about sixty hours, in the open
sea, and in a small boat so deeply loaded, that her gunwale, on an
even keel, could not be above four inches above the water—leaving
us in a complete state of destitution; not a man but myself had
saved any thing but the clothes around him.

Our return created a considerable sensation. I was quickly

surrounded by my acquaintances, anxious to hear the details of our
misfortune, and to offer their services in the most liberal manner.
This was naturally to be expected from my countrymen. There was
however one occurrence in a French gentleman, which I can never
forget, and must relate; he held some subordinate office under
government. I had been introduced to his family by a German who I
had known in the United States. This gentleman called upon me,
and taking me aside from the crowd by which I was surrounded, told
me that he had just heard of my misfortune, and had come to offer
me any money I might want, to be returned in my own way, and at
my own convenience. Altogether his manner was so kind and
friendly, that I am sorry his name has entirely escaped my memory.
After very sincerely thanking him for his friendship and generosity, I
told him I had sufficient funds for my immediate wants. Early next
day I was called upon by two American gentlemen, the one a Mr.
Dodge, who from his long residence and good character, was usually
called "consul." They informed me that the Americans at the Cape,
resident and transient, hearing of the misfortunes of myself and
crew, had raised a subscription for our relief, and that they had
called upon me to know the numbers and relative situation of those
on board at the time of the disaster, to enable them to make the
distribution of the money raised, in the fairest and most efficient
manner. I informed these gentlemen that we were not exactly
objects of charity—that my funds were sufficient for my purposes—
that the captain had sold the boat which preserved us, for thirty or
forty dollars—that the mate could get employment if he wished it, or
could get a gratuitous passage home—that the colored seamen
could ship aboard American vessels in port, who were in want of
hands—but that there was one person shipwrecked with us, who
was particularly unfortunate: he was, or rather had been, the
captain of an English brig then in the harbor, a prize to Commodore
Barney, turned ashore with nothing but his clothes, and those lost in
the wreck; I was giving him a passage to St. Thomas, with a view of
placing him as near as I could to the place he was bound to; he was
now in an enemy's country, and entirely destitute. Mr. Dodge
observed that he would not consent to give the Englishman a dollar;
that the English cruisers were plundering and confiscating American
property wherever they could find it, and that they had almost
ruined him. I observed that I had correctly informed them of the
situation of all the persons in the vessel when wrecked, and that
they, as the distributors of the public contribution, would in course
use their own discretion. They left me. A few hours afterwards, the
gentleman who had accompanied Mr. Dodge returned alone. He told
me that Mr. Dodge had consented to let the Englishman in for a
portion of the money collected, and that he would share equally with
the schooner's mate, and that if I would bring him to Mr. Dodge's
counting house, his quota was ready for him. This I promised to do;
and in the course of the day fell in with our companion in
misfortune, told him what had been done, took him to the place
designated, and introduced him to the gentlemen. They counted out,
as well as I remember, about sixty hard dollars, and presented them
to him. He gathered them up in a dirty handkerchief, and thanked
them for their kindness and liberality—in doing which he was so
much affected, that be burst into tears. We left the place together; I
parted from him in the street, and have never heard of him since. In
a few days I took passage on board an American schooner bound for
Philadelphia, and after a short passage, was peaceably under
quarantine in the river Delaware.

R.

Alexandria, January 1835.

SELECTIONS

From the Papers of the Virginia Historical and Philosophical Society.

We have been permitted to transfer to our pages the subjoined

papers in possession of the Historical Society, which will doubtless
afford much gratification to our readers. The first is an extract from
a manuscript which was the property of the late venerable and
learned Chancellor Wythe, and seems to have been copied by him,
or for his use, from the "Breviate Book" of Sir John Randolph, who
was attorney general of the Colony in 1734. This extract contains
biographical sketches of John Holloway and William Hopkins, two
prominent members of the bar at that early period. The orthography
of the original has been preserved.
The second is an interesting record of the proceedings of a patriotic
band in Norfolk Borough and County in the early part of the
Revolutionary war, associated under the brief and imposing title of
"Sons of Liberty." This document breathes a noble spirit of resistance
to tyranny in our ancestors, which we may fondly hope their
descendants will never cease to cherish and emulate. It was
presented at the last meeting of the Society by Dr. Barraud, whose
letter we also take pleasure in publishing.

The third paper, is an authentic narrative of an Indian attack upon

Wheeling Fort in 1777, furnished by one of the survivors, who is now
living in the county of Brooke. This document was communicated by
William McCluney, Esq. of Wellsburg, and has once appeared in the
"Brooke Republican." Mr. McCluney states, that Captain Samuel
Mason, the commander of the fort, was afterwards the famous
Mississippi robber.

Taken from Sir John Randolph's Breviate Book.

On the 14th of December, 1734, died suddenly of a fit, John

Holloway, Esq., after having languished about ten months with a sort
of epilepsie at certain times of the moon, which had much impaired
his memory and understanding. He had practised in this court
upwards of thirty years, with great reputation for diligence and
learning; and was so much in the good opinion of the court, that I
have, upon many occasions, known him prevail for his clients against
reasons and arguments much stronger and better than his. His
opinions were by most people looked upon as decisive, and were
very frequently acquiesced in by both parties, those against whom
he pronounced being discouraged from disputing against so great
authority. He practised with much artifice and cunning, being
thoroughly skilled in attorneyship; but when his causes came to a
hearing, he reasoned little, was tedious in reading long reports of
some cases, and little abridgments of others, out of which he would
collect short aphorisms, and obiter sayings of judges, and rely upon
them, without regarding the main point in question, and arbitrarily
affirm or deny a matter of law, which had often too much weight,
against the reason and difference of things. By this method, he
gained many causes which always gave him great joy; but was as
impatient if he lost one, as if it tended to a diminution of his credit.
He was blameable for one singular practice, in drawing notes for
special verdicts. He would state naked circumstances of facts only,
and leave it to the court to collect the matter of fact out of them; so
that, upon such verdicts, we have had many tedious debates about
what the fact was: whereas, if that had been found positively as it
should be, there would have been no need of a special verdict. But
against this I could never prevail. His greatest excellence was his
diligence and industry; but for learning I never thought he had any,
nor could it be expected he should. He had served a clerkship; went
a youth afterwards into the army in Ireland, in the beginning of King
William's reign; after that betook himself to business, having got to
be one of the attorneys of the Marshalsea court; but not being
contented with his income from that, turned projector and ruined
himself, which brought him first into Maryland, and afterwards hither.
I remember one particular instance, which satisfied me his
knowledge in the law was not very profound. An ejectment was
brought, (whether I was at first concerned in it I forget,) and upon a
special verdict the case was thus. A seized in fee by deed, gave the
land in question to B his daughter, for life, and after her death, to
her heirs forever. She sold it to the defendant, and after her death,
the plaintiff, B's heir, claiming as a purchaser in remainder, brought
this action to recover. When I saw this, I told the plaintiff, who was
my client, I could not say one word for him, not knowing a more
certain rule of law than this:—that where by will or conveyance, any
estate of freehold is given to the ancestor, and by the same writing
an estate is limited to his heirs, that makes a fee, [heirs] being there
a word of limitation, and not of purchase. Yet the defendant, by this
eminent lawyer's advice, gave up the land without argument, upon
the plaintiff's allowing him to remain in possession some short time
longer; when if the matter had been brought to a hearing I would
not have said one word. However, his reputation was such, that he
was universally courted, and most people thought themselves
obliged to him, if he would engage their side upon any terms; and
he really thought so himself. This gave him great opportunities of
exacting excessive fees; which I have heard he always did, where
the value of the thing in question would allow it: and covered great
blemishes in one part of his private life, besides many imperfections
of his mind, which any body might observe who knew any thing of
him. He was of a haughty, insolent nature; passionate and peevish
to the last degree. He had a stiffness in his carriage which was
ridiculous, and often offensive; and was an utter stranger to
hospitality. He was sincere in his friendship, where he professed any,
—but not constant; apt to change upon small provocations, and to
contract new friendship upon very slight grounds, in which he would
be very warm and ready to do all good offices. One of his greatest
defects was that he would always bring his opinion and friendship to
agree. But what he wanted in virtue and learning to recommend
him, was abundantly supplied by fortunate accidents. He was
fourteen years speaker of the House of Burgesses, and eleven years
public Treasurer. But in those he acted with little applause, and less
abilities; though he was three times chosen, and once unanimously.
His management of the treasury contributed to his ruin, and brought
him to the grave with much disgrace. I was always his friend, and
had a great deal of reason to believe him mine. Yet it was impossible
to be blind to so many imperfections. He died, little lamented, in the
sixty-ninth year of his age.

In a few daies afterwards, in London, died William Hopkins, Esq.

who had practised in this court about eighteen years, and in that
time, by hard study and observation, he made a surprising progress;
became a very ingenious lawyer and a good pleader, though at his
first coming he was raw and much despised. But he had a
carelesness in his nature, which preserved him from being
discouraged, and carried him on till he came to be admired. He had
a good foundation in school learning; understood Latin and French
well; had a strong memory, a good judgment, a quickness that was
very visible, and a handsome person;—all mighty advantages. But
his manner was awkward; his temper sour, if it was to be judged by
the action of his muscles; and was given, too much given, to laugh
at his own discourses.

When he had brought himself into good business, he almost totally

neglected it; which I believe was owing to a desire of dipping into all
kinds of knowledge, wherein he had a great deal of vanity, and
prevented his digesting what he had so well as he would have done
otherwise. He had many good qualities in his practice; was moderate
in his fees; ingenious and honest; never disputed plain points, but
was a candid, fair arguer. Yet he had a failing, which brought him to
a quarrel with me. It was an odd sort of pride, that would not suffer
him to keep an equilibrium in his own conceits. He could not see
himself admired, without thinking it an injury to him to stand upon a
level with any other; and therefore, though I was always his friend,
had done him many kindnesses, and he himself thought himself
obliged to me, he came into so ill a temper, as not to allow me either
learning or honesty; which broke our acquaintance—and after that I
thought I discovered some seeds of malice in him. He died in the
flower of his age, and may be justly reckoned a loss to this poor
country, which is not like to abound (at present at least) in great
genius's.

Norfolk, January 16th, 1835.

SIR: I herewith transmit you (with a request that if you shall deem it proper, it may be
presented to the next meeting of the Virginia Historical and Philosophical Society,) a
copy of an ancient Record of the Actings and Doings of certain inhabitants of the
 Borough and County of Norfolk, associated under the name of "Sons of Liberty." This
record has lain (tradition relates) in the office of the clerk of this Borough from its
date; unknown to the world at large, and unnoticed even by many of the inhabitants
themselves. The moment my attention was called to it, it appeared to me entitled by
its antiquity and the generous spirit of patriotism and self-devotion which it so
strongly breathes, to a place in the records of a society whose laudable purpose is to
rescue from oblivion (into which already too many of the works of talent and deeds of
patriotism of the state have fallen,) the remaining monuments of the colonial and
revolutionary history of Virginia.

The letter of Richard Bland, (attached to the original, and which is obviously
autographic,) seemed to me particularly interesting, and to deserve a place among
the transactions of your society. That letter characterizes the resolutions as "noble,"
and declares that "they will remain lasting monuments of the public spirit of the Sons
of Liberty, and of their love to their country." To this end I very respectfully tender
them to your society, whose institution, allow me to say, I hail as the dawn of a new
era in the literature and science of the commonwealth.

Be pleased to accept for your society, and yourself individually, assurances of my high
respect,

OTWAY B. BARRAUD.

To the President of the Historical and

Philosophical Society of Virginia.

PROCEEDINGS

Of the Sons of Liberty at Norfolk, 1766.

Preserved as a monument of their public spirit and love to their country.

At a meeting of a considerable number of inhabitants of the town

and county of Norfolk, and others, Sons of Liberty, at the court-
house of said county, in the Colony of Virginia, on Monday, the 31st
of March, 1766—
Having taken into consideration the evil tendency of that oppressive
and unconstitutional act of Parliament, called the stamp act, and
being desirous that our sentiments should be known to posterity,
and recollecting that we are a part of that colony who first, in
general assembly, openly expressed their detestation to the said act,
(which is pregnant with ruin, and productive of the most pernicious
consequences,) and unwilling to rivet the shackles of slavery and
oppression on ourselves and millions yet unborn, have unanimously
come to the following resolutions—

1. Resolved, That we acknowledge our sovereign lord King George

the Third to be our rightful and lawful king; and that we will at all
times, to the utmost of our power and ability, support and defend his
most sacred person, crown and dignity, and shall be always ready,
when constitutionally called upon, to assist his said majesty with our
lives and fortunes, and to defend all his just rights and prerogatives.

2. Resolved, That we will, by all lawful ways and means which Divine
Providence has put into our hands, defend ourselves in the full
enjoyment of, and preserve inviolate to posterity, those inestimable
privileges of all free-born British subjects, of being taxed only by
representatives of their own choosing, and of being tryed by none
but a jury of their peers: and that if we quietly submit to the
execution of the said stamp act, all our claims to civil liberty will be
lost, and we and our posterity become absolute slaves; for by that
act, British subjects in America are deprived of the invaluable
privileges aforementioned.

3. Resolved, That a committee be appointed, who shall, in such

manner as they think most proper, go upon necessary business, and
make public the above resolutions; and that they correspond, as
they shall see occasion, with the associated Sons of, and Friends to
Liberty, in the other British colonies in America.

James Holt; Henry Tucker; Robert Tucker; Robert Tucker, Jr.; John
Hutchings; Thomas Davis; Manuel Calvert; James Parker; Lewis
Hansford.

Signed to the foregoing—

John Hutchings, Jr.; Paul Loyall; William Roscow Curle; Anthony

Lawson; Joseph Hutchings; Thomas Newton, Sr.; John Phripp, Jr.;
John Ramsay; John Gilchrist; Matthew Godfrey; Matthew Phripp;
Thomas Newton, Jr.; Samuel Boush; Richard Knight; James
Campbell; John Lawrence; Joshua Nicholson; Nicholas Wonycott;
Matthew Rothery; Jacob Elligood; Cornelius Calvert; Edward Archer;
Edward Voss; Francis Peart; Samuel Calvert; James Gibson; Nicholas
Winterton; Griffin Peart; John Wilfery; William Skinker; Thomas Butt;
William Gray; Hudson Brown; John Taylor; Alexander Moseley; John
Taylor, Jr.; William Calvert; William Atchison; Edward Hach Moseley,
Jr.; William Hancock; Robert Brett; Stephen Tankard; Thomas
Willoughby; James Dunn; John Crammond; Alexander Kincaid;
George Muter; Christopher Calvert.

On a motion made that a Moderator be chosen for the better

transacting business, the Reverend Thomas Davis was
recommended, and unanimously chosen.

On a motion made that a Secretary be appointed to this general

meeting—

Resolved, That James Holt and William Roscow Curle be Secretaries.

Resolved, That the Committee of Correspondence do consist of the

following persons, to wit:

Manuel Calvert, Esq.; Mr. Paul Loyall; Mr. James Parker; Mr. Joseph
Hutchings; Doctor John Ramsay; Mr. Anthony Lawson; Mr. Samuel
Boush; Mr. John Phripp, Jr.; Mr. John Gilchrist; Mr. Lewis Hansford;
Mr. John Lawrence; Mr. John Hutchings, Jr.; Mr. Thomas Newton, Jr.;
Mr. Matthew Phripp.
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