Frequently Asked Q1:1estions

. ....... ........... .............. ............. .... ... ......... 4

Unit Walkthrough: Getting Ready ........................................................ 7

Unit Walkthrough: Chapters 1 & 2............ ... ..... ........ .. ... ... ...... ........... .. 7
Unit Walkthrough: Real Life Skill & What do you think? .... .. ...... .... ... .. 9
Using the Audio Component ............................................................. 1O
Review Units ...................................................................................... 10

Unit 1: A// About Food ........................................................................ .12

Unit 2: Inventions ............................................................................... ..16
Unit 3: Studying Abroad ...................................................................... 20
Unit 4: Money and Budgets ................................................................. 24
Unit 5: Our Modern Lifestyle ................................................................ 28
Unit 6: The Olympics ........................................................................... 32
Unit 7: Great Structures ...................................................................... 36
Unit 8: Language and Communication ................................................. 40
Unit 9: Festivals and Celebrations ....................................................... 44
Unit 10: Growing Up ........................................................................... 48
Unit 11: Look into the Future ............................................................... 52
Unit 12: The Power of Stories ............................................................. 56

Review Unit 1 ..................................................................................... 60

Review Unit 2 ..................................................................................... 61
Review Unit 3 ............................... ...................................................... 62
Review Unit 4 ..................................................................................... 63

IPA Chart and TOEFL® iBT Reading Skills ....................................... 64

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 Reading is such an important skill to develop. I continue to be
amazed that many learners who have strong reading skills also
have strong listening, speaking, and writing skills. I -am confident
that as you understand the ACTIVEpedagogical framework, you
will get ideas of ways that you can strengthen your students'
reading abilities. A textbook like ACTIVESkills for Reading cannot
possibly meet all of the needs of all learner groups around the
world. But, as a teacher who understands how to use this text,
you will be the greatest resource using the text and helping your
students reach higher levels of reading performance.
As I have worked with teachers in various parts of the world,
I have responded to several questions that have come up
multiple times. Let me respond to some of those questions here.
If you have additional questions, please contact your National
Geographic Leaming text representative and they can respond.
irLanguage.com If they do not have the answers to your questions, they will know
how to reach me so that I can respond.
Best wishes as you use ACTIVESkills for Reading, 3rd edition!

NeHJAnderson
"How have your views on reading changed comprehension. Rather than testing
since the 1st and 2nd editions?" comprehension, I want teachers to consider
The ACTIVE framework for reading has stood ways that they can teach comprehension
the test of time. The six principles that have skills. I believe that the first step in that
guided the development of this reading process is to get readers to think about and
textbook have remained fairly consistent. monitor their own comprehension skills.
Compare the two lists below that contrast The second minor change in the framework is
the framework from 1995, when I first focusing on reading fluency. For adult second
developed it, with the current one: language readers who will be reading silently,
I define fluency as reading at 200 words-per-
1995 2013 minute with at least 70% comprehension.
Activate prior knowledge Activate prior knowledge Fluency is a combination of both rate and
Cultivate vocabulary Cultivate vocabulary
comprehension. I do not think that we can talk
Test comprehension Think about meaning
about fluency without including both of these
Increase reading rate Increase reading fluency
essential aspects of reading.
Verify strategies Verify strategies
Evaluate progress Evaluate progress One additional thing that has changed in my
view of reading across the editions of the
As you can see, the T in ACTIVE has series is the importance of the integration of
changed from testing comprehension to reading with other language skills. This visual
encouraging the learners to think about helps to illustrate my thinking:
4
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 the vocabulary words. With this amount of
knowledge of the vocabulary, the teacher
can focus on the development of reading
strategies and reading comprehension rather
than individual word study.

"The ASR books include more interactive

speaking and writing activities than many
other reading books. How can these activities
be helpful for improving reading skills?"
Reading comes alive when you have to do
something with what you have read. If you
have an opportunity to talk with someone
about what you have read or record in writing
information about what you have read, it
provides an additional way to help remember
what you have read. Including the other
language skills with reading leads to higher
levels of comprehension and enjoyment.
Although this does not have a direct impact
on the ACTIVE framework, it does have an "How can teachers make best use of the audio
impact on how we view what we ask learners CDs?"
to do with reading. I am convinced more and The audio CDs can be used in a variety of
more that if we can connect reading to the ways. Shadow reading is one way. Another is
other language skills, learners will see how to use the CD as part of a pre-reading activity.
they can accomplish tasks in real life by using By explicitly tying listening comprehension
all of their knowledge and not just focusing to reading comprehension, both skills can
on reading in isolation. be increased. For example, play a portion
of the audio and stop. Ask the students to
"Many students are accustomed to translating predict what will come next. Help them see
intensive reading (JR)passages in order that there are some similarities between what
to get a complete understanding of the they do when they listen and what they do
passage. How can we change their when they are reading. Have them listen to
mind-set from word-to-word translation another segment and the stop the CD. Ask
and help show them it's more important them to describe what they visualize in their
to be a fluent reader?" mind as they are listening. Finally, ask them to
In my experience, when students turn to listen carefully and identify one or two words
translating all of the words in the reading that they do not understand. See if they can
passage it is because the material is too still identify the overall idea of the passage
difficult for them. In selecting the correct level even if they do not understand those words.
within the ACTIVE Skills for Reading series Then move from listening to reading. The
for intensive reading, you want to make sure listening activity will have prepared them for a
that students know approximately 90% of successful reading experience.

Frequently Asked Questions 5

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 Getting Ready
Answer key
1. Clockwise from the top left steak with cabbage, cauliflower, tomatoes, parsley, dill);
mushroom sauce, trench fries, and a salad; breads and pastries, both sweet and savory.
waffles with maple syrup and strawberries; 2, 3. Answers will vary. Encourage students to
vegetables and herbs Oncluding onions, carrots, give reasons for their answers.

CHAPTER 1: A Restaurant for Change

ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: encourage, hands-on, healthy, ingredient, kitchen, qualified, recipe, serve
Reading Skill: Predicting
Reading Passage Summary: The article describes how celebrity chef, Jamie Oliver, known for his healthy
eating campaigns, has opened restaurants dedicated to training young people as professional chefs.
Vocabulary Skill: Antonyms

Answer Key
Before You Read Critical Thinking
A: Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 1. in a C: Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
class in (high) school, culinary college, or evening 1. by giving them the skills to get a good job or even
classes; from their parents, family members, and to open their own restaurant business. 2. the idea
friends; from 1V cooking shows; from cookbooks that these are important aspects of successfully
or magazines; from the Internet; by working at a running a restaurant or any business.
restaurant. 2. Studying cooking at culinary college Vocabulary Comprehension
or by working at a restaurant. A:1.a;2.b;3.b;4.a;5.a;6.b;7.b;8.b
Reading Skill B: Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 1. Go
Answers will vary. Possible answers include: to a conversation class, become friends with native
A: by promoting healthy eating habits, by teaching speakers of English, make friends online, and have
skills and giving jobs, by making a chef successful. video chats with them; 2. Pots, pans, cups, plates,
B: 2. learning to cook, and how to run a restaurant. knives, forks, spoons, stove, microwave, food;
C: 2. Answers will vary. The correct answer is: the 3. Exercise and eat healthy foods.
number of original students. Vocabulary Skill
Reading Comprehension A: 2. easy; 3. rest; 4. unhealthy; 5. discourage; 6. free
A: 1. b (lines 4-5); 2. b (lines 7-9); 3. a (lines 10-14); B: 1. unhealthy; 2. easy; 3. rest; 4. discourage;
4. c (lines 26-27) 5. dislike; 6. busy
B: a. 3 (line 26); b. 2 (lines 16-17); c. 1 (lines 10-11 );
d. 4 (lines 27-30)

12 UNIT 1 Chapter 1
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CHAPTER 2: Let's Make Blueberry Muffins!

ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: add, bake, check, mix, melt, pour, spray, cool
Reading Skill: Scanning
Reading Passage Summary: This article describes a simple recipe for blueberry mt.Jffins.It's easy to make
delicious blueberry muffins by following the steps in this recipe.
Vocabulary Skill: Irregular Past Tense Verbs

Answer Key
Before You Read Vocabulary Skill
A: 1. Clockwise: scone with jam and cream; A: broke; brought; bought; came; cut; did; ate; felt;
cheesecake; crepe with fresh berries; cupcakes got; went; had; kept; knew; lost; put; rode; spread;
with frosting. Answers will vary as to which ones took. Possible additional irregular past tense verbs
students have eaten. 2. Answers will vary. are: catch/caught; drive/drove; fighVfought; make/
Reading Skill made
A: 1. nine ingredients; 2. six steps in the recipe B: Answers will vary. Students might notice that some
B: 1. Step 2 (line 7); 2. Step 4 (line 15); verbs do not change at all: cuVcut, puVput, spread/
3. Step 4 (line 14); 4. Step 1 (line 5) spread; some just change one vowel: know/knew,
come/came, geVgot, ride/rode; and some change
Reading Comprehension one consonant: make/made, build/built. Some
A: 1. a (ingredients list); 2. b (line 10); change both vowel and consonant, and some are
3. c (line 18); 4. c (line 20) simply irregular, following no pattern at all.
B: a. 3 (line 10); b. 4 (line 15); c. 6 (line 20); C: 1. brought; 2. broke; 3. came/went; 4. boughVgot;
d. 1 (line 5); e. 2 (line 7); f. 5 (line 18) 5. took/sold; 6. ate/had
Critical Thinking Real Life Skill
Answers will vary. Possible answers include: A: 1. minerals; 2. vitamins; 3. preservatives;
1. healthy ingredients: eggs, milk, blueberries; 4. additives; 5. ingredients; 6. calories
unhealthy ingredients: sugar, butter. 2. adding less B: The second part of each answer may vary. Possible
butter or less sugar, or replacing the butter with an oil answers include: 1. Chocoblock because it is sweet;
low in saturated fat, such as canola oil, and the sugar 2. Slim Quick because it is low in calories; 3. Power
with a healthier sweetener, such as honey. The sugar Up because it is high in protein.
on top of the muffins could also be left out.
What Do You Think?
Vocabulary Comprehension Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 1. It is
A: 1. bake; 2. check; 3. pour; 4. spray; often healthier to eat at home where you have more
5. mix; 6. melt; 7. add; 8. cool control over the ingredients you use. 2. When you are
B: Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 1. ice; young, you need more vitamins and minerals because
ice cream; snow; cheese can be melted, and metals your body is still developing. When you are old, you
and plastics can be melted down at very high might have problems eating some foods and also
temperatures for jewelry-making or recycling. 2. You need more vitamins and minerals to stay healthy and
can insert something smooth and sharp, such as a strong. 3. Many vegetarians believe in animal rights
fork or a toothpick, to check whether it's cooked on and don't want to hurt animals. Others are vegetarians
the inside. 3. salt, pepper, herbs, spices, hot sauce, for dietary, religious, or environmental reasons. Also,
lemon zest, lemon juice, and butter. many people are becoming vegetarian these days
because of concerns about the additives used in meat
production.

14 UNIT 1 Chapter 2
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 Getting Ready
Answer key
A: Clockwise from top left: d (microwave); 1945; (smartphone) 6, 1997; (vacuum) 3,
c (dishwasher); f (vacuum cleaner); 1901
b (desktop computer); a (camera); e (smartphone) C: Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
B: (camera) 1, 1826; (desktop computer) 5, They make our lives easier, more convenient, or
1965; (dishwasher) 2, 1893; (microwave) 4, more interesting.

CHAPTER 1: Computer Beats Champs

ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: beat, champion, competitor, confident, confuse, machine, opponent, (a) wonder
Reading Skill: Reading for Details
Reading Passage Summary: The article describes a special event when two champion competitors on the
1V game show, Jeopardy!, went up against a computer called Watson and played for charity.
Vocabulary Skill: Prefixes com- and con-

Answer Key
Before You Read has a bigger memory bank but is unable to listen
A: Answers will vary. 1. Students should be able to to its opponents' answers, while humans can
connect Watson with the machine in the picture. use logic as well as their instincts, emotions,
Reading Skill and feelings to answer questions even when they
A: 1. F (They were both champions on the show.) (lines are not sure.
3--8); 2. T (lines 13-15); 3. T (line 14, lines 28-32); Vocabulary Comprehension
4. F (The competition was in 2011.) (lines 1-5) A: 1. g; 2. c; 3. a; 4. f; 5. d; 6. h; 7. b; a.e
Reading Comprehension B: 1. confuses; 2. beat; 3. competitors; 4. confident;
A: 1. c (lines 15-16); 2. c (lines 16-17); 5. wonder; 6. machines; 7. opponent, champion
3. c (lines 30-31); 4. a (line 35) Vocabulary Skill
B: a. 2; b. 3 and 4; c. 1; d. 5; e. 2 and 3 A: Com-: compare; comfort; common; Con-: connect;
Critical Thinking contain
Answers will vary. 1. Students could point out B: 1. connect; 2. common; 3. contain; 4. communicate;
that Watson has a memory bank equivalent 5. compare; 6. comfort
to a million books of information. 2. Students C: 1. comfort; 2. contains; 3. common; 4. compare;
may note good/bad points of both: the computer 5. communicate; 6. connected

16 UNIT 2 Chapter 1
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CHAPTER 2: The Most Useful Inventions

ChapterSummary ,-;'_

Target Vocabulary: discussion, during, keep in touch, opinion, surely, temperature, useful, vote
Reading Skill: Scanning
Reading Passage Summary: Three people use a Web forum to share their opinions on the most useful
inventions of all time.
Vocabulary Skill: Suffixes -fu/ and -less

Answer Key
Before You Read Vocabulary Skill
A: Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 1. the A: Positive: useful, careful, thoughtful, helpful, restful;
bicycle, clock, elevator, mobile phone, MP3 player, Negative: useless, careless, thoughtless, helpless,
e-reader, refrigerator, remote control, TY, the zipper. restless
B: Answers will vary. B: 1. thoughtful; 2. restless; 3. careless; 4. helpless;
Reading Skill 5. restful; 6. useless
A: 1. b; 2. c; 3. a C: 1. careless; 2. careful; 3. helpless; 4. useless;
B: 1. b; 2. a; 3. c 5. thoughtless; 6. restless

Reading Comprehension Real Life Skill

A: 1. b (lines 5--6); 2. b (lines 16-17); A: Answers will vary and should use the correct parts
3. a (lines 25-26); 4. b (lines 13-18) of speech.
B: 1. K (line 23); 2. C (lines 2-3); 3. J (line 14); B: 1. adj.; 2. n; 3. v; 4. n; 5. v
4. C (line 1); 5. J (line 15) What Do You Think?
Critical Thinking Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
Answers will vary. Encourage students to share their 1. Fire, stone tools, the wheel, pottery, and agricultural
reasoning. For question 2, some students may be tools.
comfortable with posting and sharing their opinions 2. Edison (light bulb), Wright (airplane), Watt (steam
online. Others might not want to post because they engine), Marconi (radio), Cai Lun (paper), Berners-
are worried about online privacy issues. Lee (World Wide Web).
3. Students might think about inventions related
Vocabulary Comprehension to energy resources, communications, and
A:1.b;2.a;3.b;4.b;5.b;6.a;7.b;8.a transportation.
B: 1. temperature; 2. useful; 3. discussions; 4. surely

Teaching Notes
• In Before You Read, encourage students to discuss • For Reading Comprehension, students should
their favorite inventions and give reasons. read Jorge's post carefully to understand the
• In Reading Skill, review the idea of scanning: various ways he uses the Internet. He sells
reading very quickly to find specific information. clothing on his website to people all over the
Students should look only for dates in A, and only world. He also uses the Internet to communicate
look for the name of the invention in B. or keep in touch with people through email.
• Check that students know the term Web forum. • Point out that opinion, one of the vocabulary words,
A Web forum is an Internet discussion site, like a refers to individual beliefs, rather than facts which
message board, where people with shared interests can be proven with evidence. Students will
discuss them online. often be asked to give their opinions and should

18 UNIT 2 Chapter 2
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 Getting Ready
Answer key
1-3. Answers will vary. Encourage students to class and have students point to the countries
provide examples and reasons for their they have visited, or would like to visit.
answers. If possible, bring a wor1d map to

CHAPTER 1: Want to Study Abroad?

ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: abroad, comfortable, culture, excellent, exciting, experience, make sure, miss
Reading Skill: Using Subheadings to Predict Content
Reading Passage Summary: An advertisement gives information about studying abroad, including reasons
to go, advice on things to think about before leaving home, and ways to adjust in a new country.
Vocabulary Skill: Compound Words

Answer Key
Before You Read Critical Thinking
A: Answers will vary. Possible answers include: to find 1. Mostly students, but also teachers and parents who
adventure, learn specific skills, study at a school, want to get more information for students.
become independent, develop a global perspective. 2. Answers will vary. Have students first list what
B: Answers will vary. Students should give reasons. is already given in the reading passage. Make
Reading Skill sure they understand that their task is to provide
A: Answers will vary. Possible answers include: Why additional advice.
do it?: Reasons for studying abroad, specifically Vocabulary Comprehension
ones like the list in A above; Making the right A: 1. kitchen; 2. competition; 3. homesick; 4. funny;
choice: The details of the decision, such as where 5. sick; 6. opinion; 7. work; 8. miss
to go, how long to stay, how to manage; Getting B: 1. culture; 2. make sure; 3. miss; 4. comfortable
ready to go: Preparations ranging from reading up Vocabulary Skill
on the destination to packing and getting B: 1. credit (credit card); 2. time (part-time); 3. water
paperwork ready, like visas, passports, and (water fountain); 4. book (notebook); 5. pass
applications; Once you are there: Suggestions for (password); 6. sick (homesick)
adjusting to a new place C: 1. credit card; 2. water fountain; 3. homesick;
Reading Comprehension 4. part-time; 5. password; 6. notebook
A: 1. c (lines 9-14 & 34-35); 2. c (entire passage);
3. a (line 28); 4. c (lines 30-31)
B: a. 4 (lines 33-34); b. 3 (lines 27-28); c. 2 (line 25);
d. 1 (lines 20-23)

20 UNIT 3 Chapter 1
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CHAPTER 2: My Travel Journal

Chapter
Summary
Target Vocabulary: awesome, embarrassed, hardly, improving, journal, lots of, practice, shy
Reading Skill: Reading for Details
Reading Passage Summary: Maria's travel journal tells of her gradual adjustment to life as a student in
New York over a two-month period.
Vocabulary Skill: Adjectives ending in -ed

Answer Key
Before You Read 4. Students should support their opinions with
A: 1. Maria; 2. New York City; 3. a (more than a month) personal stories about language learning.
B: 1, 2. Answers will vary. Encourage students to Vocabulary Skill
support their answers with reasons. A: 1. depressed; 2. embarrassed; 3. excited; 4. tired;
Reading Skill 5. worried; 6. interested
A: checked: 1 (line 13), 5 (lines 11-12), 6 (lines 10-11) B: 1. depressed; 2. _tired;3. worried; 4. excited;
B: checked: 3 (lines 18-19), 4 (lines 17-18), 6 (line 17) 5. interested; 6. embarrassed
Reading Comprehension Real Life Skill
A: 1; b (lines 2-4); 2. c (lines 5--6); 3. b (lines 10-11); C: Answers will vary. Encourage students to use the
4. c (lines 20-21) entry in B as a model for their own journal entry.
B: order: 3 (line 1O); 1 (line 2); 2 (lines 2-4); 4 (line 17) Make sure students write the date, use past tense,
Critical Thinking and a few sentences about the experience of
Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 1. If reading/watching a book or story that they like.
their classmates are from different countries, What Do You Think?
students will probably speak more English at Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
school. 2. Phrases for students to use when they 1. If students have already done the Homesickness
don't understand, are: Excuse me, I'm just teaming Prevention Plan extension activity from Chapter 1
English. Could you repeat that? of this unit, they will have some ideas. Other ideas
Vocabulary Comprehension include making new friends; keeping a journal
A:1.a;2.b;3.a;4.a;5.b;6.a;7.b;8.b to share with friends and family at home; taking
B: Answers will vary. Possible answers include: photographs and making a scrapbook; and getting
1. mountains, forests, or specific places like lots of rest and exercise.
Canada, Russia; 2. Answers may be similar to Before You Read A in
2. Watching movies in English with subtitles, reading Chapter 1 of this unit. Emphasize the importance
English books, surfing on the Internet in English; of talking with and getting advice from people who
3. Students should name English-speaking TV or have already studied abroad.
movie stars whom they admire;

Teaching Notes
• In Before You Read, explain that students will • In Reading Skill, encourage students to pay
practice scanning subtitles and looking at pictures careful attention to the date of each journal entry
to get specific information and make informed and the specific details in the questions. Ask
guesses. them to point to the place in the reading passage

22 UNIT 3 Chapter 2
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 Getting Ready
Answer key
Answers will vary. Possible answers include: transportation, or school expenses. 3. Having a
1. Food, entertainment, clothing, etc. Students budget, using cash instead of credit cards, and
should use the pictures for inspiration. 2. Food, buying only what you need.

CHAPTER 1: A Student Budget

r
ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: advice, average, borrow, education, list, per, personal, worry
Reading Skill: Skimming for Main Ideas
Reading Passage Summary: The article discusses the costs of a college education, which is expensive, so
students need to budget carefully to ensure that they will have enough money to pay for everything.
Vocabulary Skill: Prefixes in- and ex-

Answer Key
Before You Read cards can be dangerous for young people who
Answers will vary. Possible answers include: haven't learned to control their spending. Also,
A: technology and laboratory fees, and club many students like to go out often, which can
membership fees. become expensive.
B: scholarships, or loans from family or from the bank. 2. It can be difficult for some people to keep up with
Reading Skill their course-work and also hold down a part-
A: 1. students and, possibly, parents; 2. Possible time job, but by planning carefully, many students
answers include: college newspapers, magazines manage to balance studies with part-time work.
for young adults, or university websites; 3. c (Note: Vocabulary Comprehension
'a' and 'b' are mentioned, but are not the main A: 1. f; 2. g; 3. e; 4. h; 5. b; 6. d; 7. a; 8. c
idea.) B: 1. borrowed, worry; 2. education, average;
Reading Comprehension 3. advice; 4. per
A: 1. c (lines 2-3); 2. a (lines 10-12); 3. b (lines 23-26); Vocabulary Skill
4. c (lines 13-15) A: 1. import; 2. inhale; 3. expense; 4. exclude;
B: 1. T (lines 6-7); 2. T (lines 17-19); 3. F, they can also 5. introverted
work part-time to earn more money. (lines 26-29), B: 1. import; 2. inhale; 3. exclude; 4. income;
4. T (lines 14-16 and 23-26) 5. introverted
Critical Thinking C: 1. inhale; 2. include/exclude; 3. expense;
Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 4. extroverted; 5. imported
1. Money trouble usually means debt, which happens
when people spend more than their income. Credit

24 UNIT 4 Chapter 1
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CHAPTER 2: My Money

ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: earn, interest, owe, rent, second-hand, split; stick to, transportation
Reading Skill: Identifying Supporting Det!3ils
Reading Passage Summary: In an online article, reporter Min Young interviews Lisa, an American college
student, about her budget. Lisa talks about her income, her expenses, and the ways she economizes.
Vocabulary Skill: Organizing Vocabulary: Words Relating to Money

Answer Key
Before You Read 2. To save money, students can typically buy
A! 1-5. Answers will vary. B: Students may be second-hand textbooks, furniture, appliances, cars,
uncomfortable sharing their financial situation, so etc. They can also save money by not eating out,
allow students to select their own partners. going to the movies, or taking weekend trips, etc.
Reading Skill Vocabulary Comprehension
A! Lisa has to work part-time. She also lists the A!1.a;2.a;3.b;4.b;5.a;6.a;7.a;8.a
following expenses on lines 19-20: rent, meals, cell B: 1. earn/earned; 2. stick to; 3. transportation;
phone, books, transportation, and clothes. These 4. rent; 5. split; 6. owe
are things she pays for with the money she earns. Vocabulary Skill
The list doesn't include any additional luxuries. A! 1. O; 2.1; 3. I; 4. I; 5. O; 6. O; 7. O; 8. O; 9. O; 10. 0
B: Answers may vary. Lisa provides a total of six ways B: 1. lend; 2. pay; 3. buy/borrow; 4. income; 5. spend
in which she saves money: rents movies and splits
the cost with her roommates (line 24); cooks her Real Life Skill
own food (line 25); walks or rides a bicycle (line 27); A! Students budgets will vary. Students should read
buys second-hand clothes (lines 27-28); borrows each step and write their personal budget.
books and magazine from the library (lines 28-29); B: Students may find a variety of student budgets and
is careful to save water and electricity (lines 29-30). suggestions for managing money. Assign this task
for homework. Have students look for budgeting
Reading Comprehension suggestions not already mentioned in the unit.
A: 1. c (lines 10-11); 2. a (line 16);
3. c (lines 22-24); 4. a (line 25) What Do You Think?
B: 1. F, Min Young is interviewing Lisa. (lines 1-3); 2. F, Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
Only some of Lisa's money comes from her parents. 1. by giving their children an allowance when they are
(lines 10-14); 3. T (line 23); 4. T (lines 27-28) young (children then learn to budget over a weekly
or monthly time period). Parents can also teach by
Critical Thinking example: if parents are responsible with money,
Answers will vary. Possible answers include: children will learn by watching them.
1. Lisa is careful with money. She seems very 2. getting part-time jobs, including working in
responsible about working and saving. She also restaurants or shops, tutoring, babysitting, etc.
listens to and follows her mother's advice. Students 3. Extra money can be saved for an important event,
should infer personality traits from this information. used to buy something special, or invested.

26 UNIT 4 Chapter 2
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 Getting Ready
Answer key
Answers will vary. 1. Make sure students phone cameras or annoying ring tones. For the
understand each technology concern. Internet, complaints might include illegal use of
2. Possible answers include: misuse of cell information or cyber-bulfying.

CHAPTER 1: Cell Phone Etiquette

ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: address, annoying, pay attention, combination, constantly, convenient, emergencies,
impolite
Reading Skill: Identifying Transition Words
Reading Passage Summary: In this letter to the editor, a newspaper reader comments that a recent article
failed to deal with cell phone problems, so she gives some advice about how to deal with such problems.
Vocabulary Skill: Using Transition Words

Answer Key
Before You Read 2. Possible answers include: being able to meet up
A:.Answers will vary. 1. Reasons should include the with friends and/or changing plans more easily,
rudeness of answering the phone when someone being able to make calls in places with no public
else is speaking and the likelihood of disturbing other phones, staying in contact easily with friends and
people. 2. Possible answers include: completely family, quick access to a camera if you would like
banning cell phones in classrooms, or permitting their to take photos, being able to access the Internet for
usage in emergency circumstances only. entertainment or information like maps and bus or
Reading Skill train timetables, having GPS functionality, etc.
A:.likewise (line 28); in fact (line 19); additionally Vocabulary Comprehension
(line 23); that's why (line 24); furthermore (line 15); A:.1. listen; 2. neglect; 3. company; 4. convenient;
for instance (line 27); on the other hand (lines 5-6) 5. joke; 6. rarely; 7. impolite; 8. loud
B: 1. that's why; 2. additionally, furthermore, in fact; B: 1. address; 2. constantly; 3. pay attention;
3. likewise; 4. on the other hand; 5. for instance 4. convenient
Reading Comprehension Vocabulary Skill
A: 1. b (lines 5-7); 2. c (lines 13-14, 21-25) A: Students should understand how to use each
3. a (lines 24-25); 4. c (lines 26-29) transition word.
B: 1. paragraph 3; 2. paragraph 2; B: 1. for example/for instance;
3. paragraph 3; 4. paragraph 2 2. thus/therefore/that's why; 3. likewise/similarly;
Critical Thinking 4. in contrasVon the other hand/however;
Answers will vary. 5. in addition/additionally/furthermore;
1. Students should give examples from their daily life. 6. that's why; 7. likewise/similarly

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CHAPTER 2: Smartphone Apps for Travelers
r
Chapter Summary
'.} � ,

Target Vocabulary: combine, confirmation, download, frequent, imagine, prepare, translate, typically
Reading Skill: Making Inferences
Reading Passage Summary: T his article describes three cell phone apps for travelers.
Vocabulary Skill: Word Webs

Answer Key
Before You Read Vocabulary Comprehension
A: 1. and 2. Answers will vary. A: 1. d; 2. b; 3. g; 4. f; 5. c; 6. h; 7. a; 8. e
B: Examples include music, healthcare, frtness, social B: Answers will vary.
networking, lifestyle, news, entertainment, etc. Vocabulary Skill
Reading Skill A: Answers will vary. Many connections are possible.
A: 1. a; 2. c; 3. b; 4. b; 5. a B: Students should choose different words.
Reading Comprehension Real Life Skill
A: 1. a {lines 1-4); 2. a {lines 5-1O); A: Answers will vary. Note that the popularity of some
3. c {lines 5-8); 4. a {lines 30-35) biogs may change as new ones are published.
B: Talk to Me 1, 3, and 5; Tripit 1, 4, and 5; B: Answ�rs will vary. Possible additional blog
Cityseekr 1, 2, and 5 categories include: food, shopping, and exercise.
Critical Thinking What Do You Think?
Answers will vary. Possible answers include: Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
1. cost considerations plus the convenience of 1. Students should discuss areas that have been
having useful information available on their phone improved by technology. (medical services,
rather than carrying a book around, as well as the transportation, and communications)
fact that changing information can be quickly and 2. Students should discuss how they get new
easily updated in an app, but not in a printed book. information on a daily basis, and what effect the
2. greater ease of access to travel changes and information or medium has on their daily lives.
other travel information, and the convenience of 3. Students who have their own Web pages or biogs
online check-in rather than queuing to check-in. might share what topics they write about.

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• :, UNIT ... : • • , . .

6 Tlie~Olylilf'ics·•' ~.
Getting Ready
Answer key
1. Clockwise:the high jump; synchronized China (2008); and Athens, Greece (2004). Recent
swimming; sprinting/track and field/athletics; Winter Olympics have been held in Vancouver,
fencing. Possible Olympic events include: Canada (2010); Turin, Italy (2006); and Salt Lake
archery, badminton, basketball, boxing, diving, City, USA (2002).
football, gymnastics, hockey, judo, rowing, table 3. Answers will vary.
tennis, volleyball, water polo, wrestling, etc.
2. Answers will vary. Recent Summer Olympics
were held in London, England (2012); Beijing,

CHAPTER 1: The Olympic Flame

Chapter Summary
Target Vocabulary:honor, kick off, lighting, on foot, requirement, selected, symbol, take place
Reading Skill:Skimming for the Main Idea
Reading Passage Summary:The passage describes the process and significance of the Olympic torch
relay at each Olympic Games.
Vocabulary Skill:Suffix -ment

Answer Key
Before You Read used to uphold the tradition and maintain a link with
A:Answers may vary. Actual Answers: 1.T; 2. F; 3.F; the ancient Olympics. 2. Possible reason: the flame
4.F; 5.F; 6. T (answers on student book page 71) represents eternal life and hope.
Reading Skill Vocabulary Comprehension
A:b A:1.a;2.a;3.b;4.b;5.b;6.a;7.b;8.b
B: Paragraph 2.b (lines 7-10); Paragraph 3.a (lines B:1-4.Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
14-16); Paragraph 4.b (lines 18-23) 3.being qualified through education or training or
Reading Comprehension experience to carry out the required role.
A:1.b (lines 5-6); 2.a (lines 7-8); 4.final school exam results, grades, and any special
3.a (line 12); 4.b (line 24) abilities, skills, or talents, e.g. in music or sports.
B:1.F (The first modern Olympic torch relay took Vocabulary Skill
place in the summer of 1936 in Berlin.) (line 11); A:1. agreement; 2.argument;3.arrangement;
2.F (The torch is not always carried on foot.) (lines 4.imagination; 5. judgment; 6.refusal; 7.selection;
17-19); 3.T (lines 8-9); 4.T (lines 24-25);5. T (entire 8. submittal/submission B:1.announcement;
passage) 2.government; 3. encouragement; 4. improvement;
Critical Thinking 5.achievement; 6.requirement; 7.entertainment
Answers will vary. 1.Students should deduce that this
is the way fire was created in ancient times, and is

32 UNIT 6 Chapter 1
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CHAPTER 2: Unusual Olympic Sports

ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: control, judge, look like, manage, object, racers, slide, take a wrong turn
Reading Skill: Reading for Details
Reading Passage Summary: Curling, trampoline, and skeleton racing are three unusual Olympic sports.
The reading passage describes why three athletes were attracted to these sports.
Vocabulary Skill: Organizing Vocabulary: Words Relating to Sports

Answer Key
Before You Read B: 1. control; 2. race, slide; 3. judge;
A; Answers will vary. 2. Actual answer: tug-of-war. 4. took a wrong turn
Reading Skill Vocabulary Skill
A:.1. T (line 4); 2. F (There are four players on each A; Sports places: court, stadium, course, ice rink,
team.) (lines 4-5); 3. NG; 4. T (lines 15-16); field, ring; Sports equipment racket, ball, sled,
5. F (Judges look at ten different skills.) (lines 15-18); skates, puck, sticks, gloves; Sports people: player,
6. T (lines 20-22); 7. F (Early skeleton sleds only competitor, opponent, coach, team, champion,
looked like they were made out of bones.) manager
(lines 27-28); 8. T (lines 31-32); 9. F (He discovered B: 1. players, team; 2. field; 3. court, ball/racket,
skeleton racing after the 1980 Olympics.) (lines 29-34) racket/ball; 4. gloves, ring; 5. ice rink, skates;
Reading Comprehension 6.sticks,puck
c
A: 1. b (lines 8-11, 19-20, 29-34); 2. (lines 21-23); Real Life Skill
3. a (entire passage); 4. c (lines 29-30) A: 1. d; 2. e; 3. h; 4. f; 5. g; 6. c; 7. b; 8. a
B: 1. curling, skeleton (lines 4 and 26); 2. trampoline B: 1. After the host city was selected, work began on
(line 16); 3. curling (lines 4-5); 4. trampoline, the new sports center. 2. My father said, "I am not
skeleton, (lines 12-14 and 24-28); angry with you." 3. I have applied for a job at three
5. skeleton (lines 26-27) companies: Acer, Motorola, and Westinghouse.
Critical Thinking 4. She refused to address the problem: she said
Answers will vary. Possible answers include: she didn't have the time. 5. Call the police! This is
1. Some people are naturally gifted in these areas or an emergency! 6. She kept asking me, "Are you
they find it more interesting to participate in. 2. Ages angry?" 7. I like soccer and basketball, but I really
vary, but many Olympic athletes are young adults don't like baseball. 8. For dinner last night, we had
and teenagers who started training as children. take-out from a Vietnamese restaurant.
There's no official age limit for the Olympics, but What Do You Think?
certain sports have fixed age ranges for health and Answers will vary. Students should: 1. think about
safety reasons. other competitive sports, or futuristic sports, etc.
Vocabulary Comprehension 2-3. give reasons for their answers.
A:1.h;2.a;3.e;4.d;5.c;6.g;7.f;8.b

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 Getting Ready
Answer key
1-3. Answers will vary. Encourage students to have never seen or visited any of the structures,
provide details. For question 1, if students ask which ones interest them most and why.

CHAPTER 1: The World's Oldest Universities

ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: claim, despite, establish, forbidden, former, found(ed), survive, subjects
Reading Skill: Identifying Supporting Details •
Reading Passage Summary: The passage describes three ancient universities, and gives some
background information on each one.
Vocabulary Skill: Expressing Certainty

An$wer Key
Before You Read the oldest in the world.) (line 2); 2. T Qines 5-7);
A:.Answers will vary. For question 1, the University of 3. F (They only added math in 1957). (lines 15-18);
Cambridge is in England, TsingHua University is in 4. F (The University of Bologna has never closed its
China, and Harvard University is in the U.S. doors, not even during wartime.) (lines 27-29);
Reading Skill A:. 5. T (line 30)
University of AI-Karaouine Critical Thinking
Year founded: approx. 859 B.C.; Location: Fes, Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
Morocco; Detail: oldest surviving university in 1. the idea that new universities have the advantage of
the world, specialized in natural sciences, added technology over old ones.
foreign languages, math, physics, and chemistry in 2. knowledge was passed from generation to
1957 generation within families, or from tribal or religious
Nalanda University leaders.
Year founded: 600 B.C.; Location: Bihar, India; Vocabulary Comprehension
Detail: may be the world's oldest university, A: 1. a; 2. a; 3. a; 4. a; 5. a; 6. a; 7. b; 8. a
scholars came from other continents to learn about B: Answers will vary. Encourage students to provide
science, medicine, and Buddhism; is now in ruins details and reasons.
University of Bologna Vocabulary Skill
Year founded: 1088; Location in Italy; Detail: not S: easily, for sure, clearly
influenced by religion, professors weren't allowed to U: probably, perhaps, possibly, likely
teach outside the university, has never closed (not A:.1. U; 2. U; 3. S
even in wartime) B: Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 1. In 50
Reading Comprehension years, cars will most likely be rare. 2. When I finish
A:.1. b (lines 5-8); 2. b (lines 13-15); 3. b (lines 8-9) school today, I will definitely go to the library. 3. In
B: 1. F (Veryfew universities can claim to be among 100 years, money will probably not exist anymore.

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CHAPTER 2: Modern Engineering Wonders

ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: century, efficient, engineer(ing), floocl(ed), natural, prize, rotate, threaten
Reading Skill: Scanning
Reading Passage Summary: The passage describes five outstanding examples of modern engineering.
Vocabulary Skill: Superlatives

Answer key
Before You Read Vocabulary Comprehension
A: Answers will vary. Some students may be able to A:1.b;2.a;3.a;4.a;5.a;6.a;7.a;8.a
identify some of the structures in the pictures. If B: 1. natural, prize; 2. flooded; 3. centuries; 4. threatened
not, help students make associations between the Vocabulary Skill
bridge and the dam, and sources of energy. B: 1. e; 2. d; 3. b; 4. d; 5. e; 6. e; 7. d; 8. b; 9. e; 10. e;
Reading Skill 11. a; 12. f; 13. b; 14. e; 15. c; 16. a
A. 1. Falkirk Wheel: a: 2. Millau Viaduct b; C: Answers will vary.
3. Langeled Pipeline: c: 4. Three Gorges Dam: d; R.eal Life Skill
5. Venice Tide Barrier: e A: order of preference: 2; multiple choice: 3;
B: 1. Falkirk, Scotland; 2. Millau/River Tam, France; Item selection: 1
3. The North Sea (from Norway to Britain); C: Answers will vary.
4. Yichang, China: 5. Venice, Italy
What Do You Think?
Reading Comprehension Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
A: 1. a (lines 3-9); 2. c (lines 29-30); 3. b (entire 1. The official Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
passage) were the Great Pyramid of Giza, Hanging Gardens
B: helps to control water: T, V: of Babylon, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Temple of
is built over a river: M, T; Artemis at Ephesus, Mausoleum of Maussollos
provides for people's energy needs: L, T; at Halicarnassus, Colossus of Rhodes, and the
is the newest engineering wonder: V; Lighthouse of Alexandria. While there is no official
is the only one of its kind: F; list, some modern suggestions include the Channel
is the biggest/highest/longest of its kind: M, L, T Tunnel, and the Empire State Building.
Critical Thinking 2. Differences would include the availability of man
Answers will vary. power, heavy machinery, and safety regulations.
1. Students should give specific examples of 3. Some are built for practical purposes, others are
engineering challenges they know about. built to honor someone great or to showcase the
2. Encourage students to brainstorm structures in beauty of an area.
their area.

Teaching Notes
• For Before You Read, bring a large world map to different in height. A viaduct is an arched bridge.
class. Show where each structure is located. Ask The one in France is held in place by cables, and is
questions and encourage students to guess what higher than the Eiffel Tower. The Three Gorges Dam
each structure is. project was controversial because over a million
• The Falkirk Wheel is a boat lift that helps ships people had to move away from the farmlands that
move between two canals that are 24 meters the dam water now covers.

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 Getting Ready
Answer key
Answers will vary. 1. NThao! is Chinese, 2. Encourage students to give details and reasons.
Konnichiwa! is Japanese, Bom dial is 3. English is a popular language to study because
Portuguese, iHola! is Spanish, Guten tag! is it is often used for international communication,
Gennan, Bonjour! is French, Zdravstvuite! is but other popular languages include Mandarin
Russian, Annyong ha shimnikka! is Korean, Chinese, Spanish, Hindi, and Portuguese, which
Aloha! is Hawaiian, and Namaste! is Hindi. have the greatest numbers of speakers on Earth.

CHAPTER 1: Which English Will We Speak?

ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: calculate, develop, exist, originate, primary, replace, situation, variety
Reading Skill: Identifying Main Ideas
Reading Passage Summary: The passage describes different varieties of English and the ways people
around the world use the language.
Vocabulary Skill: Loan Words

Answer Key
Before You Read the Internet, international business, communication,
A: 1. e; 2. c; 3. b; 4. a; 5. d and transportation. No, because people are learning
B: Answers will vary. Possible answers include: more languages. 2. Possibly Mandarin, which is
1. It's considered an international language by becoming an internationally important language
many; useful for travel, business, and entertainment because of China's significant global economic
such as movies and music. 2. differences in power.
pronunciation, spelling, and slang. Vocabulary Comprehension
Reading Skill A: 1. h; 2. a; 3. f; 4. b; 5. d; 6. g; 7. c; 8. e
A: 1. a; 2. d; 3. e; 4. c; 5. b B: 1. calculate; 2. replace, variety; 3. situation;
B:b 4. developed, primary
Reading Comprehension Vocabulary Skill
A: 1. b (lines 8-12); 2. c (lines 19-26); A: Answers will vary. Possible answers include: blink
3. c (lines 28-29); 4. b (lines 30-35) (Dutch), average (Arabic), comedy (Greek), guitar
B: 1. F (It originated in England.) (lines 3-4); (Spanish), umbrella (Italian), icon (Russian)
2. NG; 3. T (lines 14-17); 4. NG B: 1. tea; 2. mosquito; 3. shampoo; 4. ketchup,
Critical Thinking hamburger; 5. passport; 6. kiosk; 7. tsunami;
Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 8. violin
1. Yes, because English is a common language for

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CHAPTER 2: Sign Language

ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: communicate, formal., demonstrate, get the hang of, introductory, practical, similar,
stand for
Reading Skill: Distinguishing Main Idea and Supporting Details
Reading Passage Summary: The passage describes how deaf people communicate with sign language as
well as with many expressive physical movements.
Vocabulary Skill: Word Families

Answer Key
Before You Read hearings; 2. similarities might include personality,
Students should try to make the signs for each letter, appearance, likes and dislikes; 3. text messaging
then think of a word and spell it in sign language. phrases such as BTW for by the way and LOL tor
Reading Skill laugh out loud; 4. sound, movement, body posture
A: 1. They can understand other speakers through Vocabulary Skill
lip reading; 3. They can communicate with sign A:.1. introduction, introduce, introductory; 2. variety,
language. vary, various/varied; 3. threat, threaten, threatening/
B: Main idea: Sign language is similar to spoken threatened; 4. imagination, imagine, imaginative/
language. 1. It has words and an alphabet formed imaginary; 5. harm, harm, harmful; 6. communication,
by movements. 2. It has its own grammar. communicate, communicative
3. Different countries have their own sign language. B: 1. harmful; 2. variety; 3. imagination; 4. threatened;
Reading Comprehension 5. introduction; 6. communicate
A: 1. (own) voices (line 4); 2. lipreading (line 3); Real Life Skill
3. sign language (line 6); 4. alphabet (line 11); A: line/queue; soccer/football; cookies/biscuits;
5. grammar/variety (lines 10 and 15); 6. eye contact gas/petrol; truck/lorry; restroom/toilet; apartment/
(line 26); 7. hit (lines 25); 8. classes (line 28); flat; pants/trousers; trash/rubbish; elevator/lift
9. books (lines 28); 1O. videos (lines 29-30) B: 1. Answers will vary. 2. Possible answers include:
B: 1. NG; 2. T (line 26); 3. F (Sign language has letters candy/sweets; automobile/car; yard/garden;
and words.) (lines 7-11); 4. F (It is not considered purse/handbag; eggplant/aubergine, etc.
rude among deaf people to wave your hands at What Do You Think?
someone.) (lines 25-26) Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
Critical Thinking 1. Technology has damaged the quality of
Answers will vary. Possible answers include: communication because we are now more inclined
1. hearing traffic before you see it, hearing clock to send rushed emails and abbreviated text
alarms or other signals such as bells, buzzers, and messages rather than think more carefully about
noises from computer programs or games; being able how we want to express ourselves.
to listen to the radio, the lV, and to music. 2. Designs 2. Probably less because the world is becoming more
could focus on senses other than hearing, for example, and more centralized.
they could incorporate vibrations and flashing lights. 3. Students should discuss the pros and cons of the
Vocabulary Comprehension written language of English as an international
A:1.a;2.b;3.b;4.b;5.a;6.a;7.a;8.b language. Point out that the writing system of
B: Answers will vary. Possible answers include: English is very different from some other writing
1. weddings, funerals, interviews, graduation, court systems, such as Arabic or Chinese.

42 UNIT 8 Chapter 2
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 Getting Ready
Answer key
1. In each picture, there are people in costume 2, 3. Answers will vary.
and spectators gathering for a public celebration
or festival.

CHAPTER 1: How Do You Celebrate?

ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: celebrate, dedicated to, festival, flashy, mask, parade, reunion, spread
Reading Skill: Scanning
Reading Passage Summary: The passage describes how New Year's Eve and Carnival are celebrated in
various parts of the world.
Vocabulary Skill: Prepositions of Time: in, on, at

Answer Key
Before You Read a fresh new period. 2. Festivals are a good thing
A:.1. Mexico; 2. Spain; 3. India; 4. Thailand; 5. England because they bring communities together and give
Reading Skill people a cause to celebrate and enjoy themselves.
A;. 1. say;
2. make; 3. lose; 4. all; 5. take; 6. join; 7. get. Vocabulary Comprehension
Reading Comprehension A:.1. g; 2. e; 3. d; 4. f; 5. a; 6. h; 7. c; 8. b
B: 1. celebrate; 2. parade; 3. masks; 4. spread
A:.1. T (lines 4-6); 2. F (In many Asian countries, New
Year usually falls between January 21 and February Vocabulary Skill
21.) (lines 9-12); 3. T (lines 13-15); 4. F (Carnival is B: 1. on; 2. at; 3. on; 4. in; 5. at; 6. in; 7. in
held just before Lent.) Qines25-27); 5. T (lines 35-37) C: Answers will vary, but students must use the correct
B:1.N,C;2.N;3.N;C;4.C;5.N;6.N,C prepositions. Possible answers include:
Critical Thinking 1. My birthday is in December. 2. I usually go on
Answers will vary. Possible answers include: vacation in July. 3. I usually eat breakfast at 8
1. People can mark the switch from the old year
o'clock. 4. I typically go to bed at 11 o'clock. 5. On
to the new, and leave old problems behind to start New Year's Day, I always have lunch with my family.

Teaching Notes
• In Getting Ready, students can see a picture of the Running of the Bulls. Thanksgiving is a fall harvest
Los Sanfermines festival which is held every summer holiday in North America. Families gather together
in the city of Pamplona in Northern Spain. The to enjoy a special meal and watch football games
festival, made famous by the American author and parades on television. India has several festivals
Ernest Hemingway, features bull fights, fireworks, which feature elephants-a symbol of wealth,
and singing, as well as an event known as the strength, courage, and nobility there-but the

44 UNIT 9 Chapter 1
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CHAPTER 2: Edinburgh Festival Journal

ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: ceremony, check in, dare, display, especially, fascinate, greet, separate
Reading Skill: Reading for Details
Reading Passage Summary: This passage consists of a few journal entries about attending an arts festival
in Scotland.
Vocabulary Skill: Sensory Verbs

Answer Key
Before You Read Vocabulary Comprehension
A:.1. Answers will vary. Some other kinds of festivals A:.1. obvious; 2. disguise; 3. express; 4. hold back;
are: theater and poetry festivals, opera or music 5. especially; 6. fly in; 7. altogether; B. education
festivals, and ethnic and religious festivals. B: 1. displayed; 2. dare (to); 3. check in; 4. separate
B: The festival is actually an arts festival, showing all Vocabulary Skill
kinds of art-forms. A:.1. c; 2. e; 3. c; 4. d; 5. a; 6. b; 7. a;
Reading Skill 8.e;9.e;10.b;11.d
A:.2, 3, 5 B: 1. watch; 2. see; 3. taste;
B:1,2,5 4. listen, hear; 5. touch, feel
Reading Comprehension Real Life Skill
A:.1. a (line 2); 2. b (lines 9-10); B: 1. weather forecasts; 2. tips; 3. reservations;
3. b (lines 20-21); 4. c (lines 2-5) 4. well in advance; 5. spectators; 6. souvenirs
B: a. 5 (line 31); b. 1 (line 14); c. 3 (lines 22-24); C: 1. F (lines 11-13); 2. F (lines 5-7);
d. 2 (lines 20-21 ); e. 4 (line 25) 3. T (lines 14-17); 4. F (line 9)
Critical Thinking Students should circle the information in the text.
Answers will vary. Possible answers include: What Do You Think?
1. People in Scotland might be big fans of the arts 1, 2. Answers will vary. For question 2, possible
because the arts festival held in their city is the answers include: Festivals may be more popular
biggest in the world. 2. Students might mention now because of greater ease of travel. On the other
that the festival must be exciting with such a wide hand, festivals may be less popular because online
variety of people and events; on the other hand, for social networking has decreased the amount of
some, it may be a little overwhelming. actual socializing that people now do.

Teaching Notes
• In Before You Read, if students have never entry. Tell them that when they have located the
attended a festival, ask what their hobbies and three items, they should repeat the process for
interests are and find out whether there are festivals September 3.
dedicated to those. Ask students whether they think • For the Reading Passage, ask students if they
that traditional festivals (holidays like Christmas), or understand what is meant by an arts festival.
new festivals (like the arts festival) are better. Have Explain that the arts refers to a range of creative
them give reasons for their answers. human skills and includes forms such as the visual
• For the Reading Skill task, have students quickly arts (photography, sculpture, etc.); the performing
skim the journal entry for September 2 before they arts (dance, mime, music, comedy, drama, etc.);
scan it to see if the particular items are in that and the literary arts (novels, poetry, etc.).

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 Getting Ready
Answer key
1. Clockwise: graduating (from college); married; starting a family/having children. Ages
working/getting a job; voting in an election; will vary. 2, 3. Possible answers include: moving
getting a driver's license/learning to drive; getting to a new city or country; changing careers.

CHAPTER 1: The Age of Adulthood

ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: allow, consider, employ, no longer, prohibit, retirement, significant, transition
Reading Skill: Predicting
Reading Passage Summary: This passage discusses the ages at which a person becomes an adult, which
varies throughout the world. Many countries celebrate the transition with special events.
Vocabulary Skill: Prefix trans-

Answer Key
Before You Read invited to celebrate the quinceafiera.) (lines 18-19);
A: 1. e; 2. a; 3. f; 4. b; 5. c; 6. d 4. T Oines28-30)
B: Students should deduce that the items are only Critical Thinking
supposed to be available to people of a certain age, Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
usually at, or past, the legal age of adulthood. 1. Some may feel that age is a good guideline;
Reading Skill others may think that maturity is more important,
A: Answers will vary. Possible answers include: and that maturity comes to people at different ages
1. It refers to the age at which people are depending on their upbringing, culture, personality,
considered to be adults. 2. As he is in a car, odds and experiences.
are high that he looks so happy because he has just Vocabulary Comprehension
passed his driving test. 3. Celebrating birthdays, A:1.b;2.b;3.a;4.b;5.a;6.b;7.b;8.b
what people do at certain ages; important ages B: 1. prohibited; 2. transition; 3. retire;
around the world; what it means to be an adult. 4. consider, significant
Reading Comprehension Vocabulary Skill
A: 1. c (entire passage); 2. b (lines 10-11 ); A: transplant, transatlantic, transit, transported,
3. a (lines 9 and 21); 4. c (lines 16-18, 23-24); transport, transplant, translated, transformed
B: 1. T (lines 5-11 ); 2. F (In many Latin American B: 2. transformed; 3. transport; 4. transatlantic;
countries a young woman's 15th birthday is 5. translated; 6. transplant
important.) (lines 12-13); 3. F (Many guests are

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CHAPTER 2: Firsts in Life

ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: freedom, gradually, independent, interview, migrate, overcome, reluctant, suburb
Reading Skill: Making Inferences
Reading Passage Summary: In the passage, three students describe important "firsts" in their lives for a
university's online magazine.
Vocabulary Skill: Prefix sub-

Answer Key
Before You Read his shyness; and both Miguel and Sao-Jin talked
A: Answers will vary. Make sure students circle the about their love of independence.
first experiences that they can remember. Possible Vocabulary Comprehension
additions to the list are: first tooth loss, first A: 1. a; 2. c; 3. g; 4. f; 5. b; 6. h; 7. d; 8. e
shopping trip with friends, first hospital stay, first B: 1. reluctant; 2. interview; 3. suburb;
visit to another country, first school, etc. 4. independent, migrated
Reading Skill A: Vocabulary Skill
1. a (realia); 2. b (lines 4-7); A: 1. d; 2. f; 3. c; 4. e; 5. b; 6. a
3. b (lines 12-14); 4. c (lines 21-2~) B: 1. subway; 2. submarine; 3. submissive;
Reading Comprehension 4. submerging; 5. subside; 6. subtitles
A: 1. c (lines 4-11); 2. a (lines 13-14); 3. b (lines 19-20) Real Life Skill
B: used to be shy: Marta, Soo-Jin; live_sin a big city: B: 1. floor; 2. land; 3. ground; 4. $oil; 5. Earth; 6. land
Miguel; went on a date at the age of 16: Marta;
has friends from around the world: Sao-Jin; talks What Do You Think?
about being independent Miguel, Sao-Jin Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 1. first
international trip, first love, first time driving a car
Critical Thinking 2. first time to ask directions in English, first native
C: Answers will vary. 1. Students may note that Marta speaker friend, first all-English experience 3. Have
and Sao-Jin were both shy, but Sao-Jin overcame students give reasons.

Teaching Notes
• In Before You Read, ask students to think of than one layer of meaning. For example, someone
important firsts in their own lives, and about when who says, / don't understand the question. is not
these things happened. Have students review how just stating they are confused, but also asking the
to make a time line by organizing their firsts in speaker to repeat the question, for clarification.
sequence from earliest to most recent. • Note that the first Critical Thinking question
• In Reading Skill, remind students that Making focuses on personalities. Ask students to re-read
Inferences is a way of reading between the lines and the passage and say whether the interviewees talk
getting information that is not explicitly stated. After more about facts or opinions, noting that someone's
students have read the reading passage, but before opinions may give clues about their personality.
they answer the comprehension questions, have • Point out that the Vocabulary Comprehension
them think about the interviewees. Ask what they includes the adverb gradually. Remind students that
know about each person from the short interview. adverbs describe actions (verbs) and frequently end
• Explain that sometimes, something can have more in -/y, but not always. Exceptions include hard and

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 Getting Ready
Answer key
1-3. Answers will vary. Make sure students provide developments in medicine, technology, space
reasons. For question 3, possible answers travel, and developing new sources of energy.
include: changes that might come with

CHAPTER 1: Are You an Ophiuchus?

r
ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: adjust, ancient, associate, break up, come up with, connect, keep track of, switch
Reading Skill: Summarizing
Reading Passage Summary: The passage discusses how and why the zodiac was developed, what it
means, and how it might be changing to accommodate a slight shift in the Earth's rotation.
Vocabulary Skill: Phrasal Verbs

Answer Key
Before You Read 2. The sky often gives us a good indication of what
A: left to right from top: d, a, h, b, k, e, c, f, I, g, j, i kind of weather to expect, and understanding the
(Students' guesses will vary.) position of the sun lets us know what time of day
Reading Skill it is, both of which are practical knowledge for
A: Main idea: how and why the zodiac began/that everyday life. For others, the sky, especially the
people in ancient times used the zodiac for practical night sky, is a vast and mysterious thing, which can
reasons. make a person on Earth feel at the same time both
B:1.c;2.d;3.a;4.b very small and very connected to the universe and
everything in it.
Reading Comprehension
A: 1. c (lines 5-6); 2. a (lines 16-17); Vocabulary Comprehension
3. b (lines 7-10); 4. b Oines27-28) A: 1. forget; 2. keep apart; 3. stay the same; 4. adjust;
B: 1. T (lines 1-3); 2. F (If Ophiuchus is made a sign, 5. ignore; 6. unite; 7. divide; 8. ancient
it will fall between Scorpio and Sagittarius.) B: 1. broken up into; 2. switch; 3. connected, keep
(lines 27-30) 3. T (lines 25-26); 4. F (Only some track of; 4. come up with
astrologers think there should be 13 zodiac signs.) Vocabulary Skill
(lines 21-22) A: 1. h; 2. d; 3. g; 4. a; 5. c; 6. b; 7. e; 8. f
Critical Thinking B: 1. warm up; 2. acts up; 3. come up with; 4. hang out;
5. kick in; 6. drop in; 7. shake off; 8. passed away
C: Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
1. the zodiac has existed for over a thousand years,
so some continue to feel that it is worth believing in.

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CHAPTER 2: Predicting Earthquakes

ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: claim, evidence, limited, oddly, recent, sense, take into account, truth
Reading Skill: Identifying Transition Words
Reading Passage Summary: These two letters explore the idea that animals can predict earthquakes.
Vocabulary Skill: The Suffix -ness

Answer Key
Before You Read hear frequnceies of sound that we can't hear, but
A: 1. Students' answers may vary. Actual answer: there is still no solid, conclusive evidence for either.
Most earthquakes occur along the edge Vocabulary Comprehension
of the oceanic and continental plates. The A:. 1. a; 2. a; 3. b; 4. b; 5. a; 6. a; 7. a; 8. b
earth's crust (the outer layer of the planet) is made B: 1. limited; 2. evidence; 3. odd, sense;
up of several pieces, called plates. The plates under 4. claims/claimed, take into account
the oceans are called oceanic plates and the rest
are continental plates. These plates are always Vocabulary Skill
bumping into each other, pulling away from each A:.1. happiness; 2. kindness; 3. weakness;
other, or passing each other. Earthquakes usually 4. darkness; 5. shyness; 6. usefulness
occur where two plates are running into each other B: 1. formality; 2. forgetfulness; 3. convenience;
or sliding past each other. 2. Answers will vary. 4. value; 5. curiosity; 6. openness; 7. flashiness;
8. loudness
Reading Skill
A: Students should circle the transition words and Real Life Skill
phrases in the passage: in fact (line ·9); B: Answers may vary. The generally received meanings
furthermore (line 13); also (line 14); since (line 17); • of the proverbs are: When sea-gulls fly to land,
on the other hand (lines 21-22); in short (line 26); a storm is at hand: You can tell that there's going
but Qine27); however (line 27) to be a storm if the seagulls fly toward dry land.
B:1.a,c,g;2.e;3.b,d;4.f;5.h Red sky at night, sailor's delight. Red sky in the
morning, sailor take warning: Redness in the sky
Reading Comprehension at night is a sign of good weather, but redness in
A:.1. c (lines 4-5); 2. a (lines 8-1 O); the sky in the morning indicates that bad weather
3. b (lines 17-19 and 26-27); 4. b (lines 27-28) is coming. The higher the clouds the better the
B: a. NG; b. NG; c. T (lines 19-21); d. F (More research weather: If the clouds are very high in the sky it
is required to find out if animals can predict means the weather is good (and the higher the
earthquakes.) (lines 26-29) better). When the night goes to bed with a fever,
Critical Thinking it will awake with a wet head: If it is very hot at
Answers will vary. Possible answers include: night, it is likely to rain by morning. When the forest
1. Some students may be aware of the techniques murmurs and the mountain roars, then close your
that seismologists use to measure plate movement windows and shut your doors: The movement and
and to monitor fault lines, but the fact is that noise of animals in the mountains and forest is a
predicting earthquakes is not yet an exact science. sign of a storm or bad weather on its way.
2. Some studies show that animals can pick up D: Answers will vary. See Teaching Notes.
on a chemical change in groundwater before an What Do You Think?
earthquake, other people believe that animals can 1-3. Answers will vary. Make sure students include
feel vibrations in the earth before humans can, or their reasons and/or specific examples.

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 Getting Ready
Answer key
1. From left: Two children appear to be asking 2. From left: a. Hansel and Gretel; c. The Pied
an old woman for help; A girt wearing a red Piper of Hamelin.; b. Little Red Riding Hood
cloak is unaware that she is being watched by 3. Answers will vary. Students should discuss their
a wolf; A man is playing a pipe and children are answers, as well as any other folktales they
following him. know.

CHAPTER 1: A Japanese Folktale

ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: declare, delicate, delight, dish, greedy, luxurious, out of breath, request
Reading Skill: Recognizing Sequence of Events
Reading Passage Summary: In this passage, a Japanese folktale describes the plan of a greedy innkeeper
to trick her rich guest, but the plan fails and it is the innkeeper who loses out instead.
Vocabulary Skill: Adverbs

Answer Key
Before You Read 4. F (The innkeeper ran after the rich man because
A;Answers will vary. Possible answers include: he had forgotten to pay his bill.) (lines 26-28)
give you nightmares: cheese, spicy foods; Critical Thinking
make you sleepy: chamomile tea, turkey; C: Answers will vary. 1. The overall idea is that it
wake you up: coffee, black tea, green tea; does not pay to be dishonest Onwhich case, the
make you smarter: fish, protein (meat); innkeeper deserved what she got). 2. Sometimes
make you happy: "comfort" foods, cakes, desserts greedy, dishonest people get what they deserve
Reading Skill but, this is not always the case.
A: Students guesses will vary. Actual answers: a. 6; Vocabulary Comprehension
b. 8; c. 1; d. 4; e. 2; f. 3; g. 7; h. 5 A: 1. delicate; 2. frightened; 3. disapproval; 4. flag;
B: Students should circle sequence words like one day, 5. greedy; 6. deserve; 7. plain; 8. deny
then, later, after, the next, etc., and then compare B: 1. out of breath; 2. declared; 3. delicate;
their answers. 4. delight, greedy
Reading Comprehension Vocabulary Skill
A; 1. b (entire passage); 2. b (lines 24-26); 3. c (line 27); B: 1. crazily; 2. legally; 3. naturally; 4. delicately;
4. a (lines 24-29) 5. fiercely; 6. curiously; 7. nicely, 8. hungrily
B: 1. F r,Ne are not told the reason why the rich man C: 1. fiercely; 2. legally; 3. naturally, curious; 4. nicely;
stopped at that particular inn.) (lines 1-9) 2. T (lines 5. hungrily; 6. crazy
4-6); 3. F (There is no evidence in the story that the
rich man knew what the innkeeper was plotting.)

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CHAPTER 2: Internet Hoaxes
r
ChapterSummary
Target Vocabulary: fare, fool, hoax, immense, obtain, promotion, shocking, terrible
Reading Skill: Identifying Cause and Effect
Reading Passage Summary: Some information on the Internet is false and meant to trick people. Three
examples of Internet hoaxes are described.
Vocabulary Skill: Nouns that are also verbs

Answer Key
Before You Read Real Life Skill
A: Guesses will vary. All the statements are false. A: 1. d; 2. j; 3. h; 4. f; 5. c; 6. e; 7. a; 8. i; 9. g; 10. b
Reading Skill B: app: abbreviation for application, meaning a
A:1.C,E;2.C,E;3.C,E;4.E,C;5.E,C;6.C,E computer program or software; friend: verb for
becoming "connected" to someone through an
Reading Comprehension online social-networking site, such as Facebook;
A: 1. a (entire passage); 2. c (lines 5-9); like: a verb which indicates that you approve of or
3. c (lines 22-25); 4. a (lines 26-28) like something you have seen on a website; post to
B: 1. F (The promotion was just a joke.) (lines 9-11 ); publish something online, such as a comment, an
2. T (lines 13-15); 3. F (There was no crocodile in article, a photo, etc.; profile: the persona or identity
New Orleans.) (lines 22-25); 4. F (No one received which a person uses on the Internet, and the
$800 for sending emails.) (lines 31-33) webpage it's on; spam: unsolicited, unwanted Ounk)
Critical Thinking email; tag: to add a person's name or a location
C: Answers will vary. 1. Some may think the hoax was to an online post or photo; tweet: verb used for
simply harmless fun. Others may feel it was quite posting on the social-networking site, Twitter; virus:
mean because, in a way, it was poking fun at those a computer program, usually malicious, which can
who are overweight. If true, the promotion would reproduce itself and spread from one computer to
have financially penalized overweight people, which another.
is discrimination. 2. The main principle is that if What Do You Think?
something sounds too good or too crazy to be true, Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
it probably is a hoax, and should be checked out. Have students provide examples and reasons.
Vocabulary Comprehension 1. A good folktale is one with an interesting storyline
A: 1. f; 2. a; 3. g; 4. d; 5. h; 6. b; 7. c; 8. e and characters that are compelling. Most teach a
B: 1. fooled, fare; 2. obtained; 3. immense/terrible; life lesson as well. 2. Some people feel a sense of
4. promotion power in creating Internet hoaxes; they enjoy the
Vocabulary Skill attention the hoax gets. 3. Many think that if hoaxes
A: Answers will vary. Possible answers include: hurt people or cause damage, then the people who
view, fool, watch, frame, call, and newer terms created them should be legally punished.
like google.
B: 1. water; 2. complimenting; 3. phone; 4. voting;
5. hosted; 6. covers; 7. lit; 8. salted

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REVIEW UNIT\:;,'.

Fluency Strategy: SQ3R (Survey, Question, Read, Review, Recite)

SQ3R is a simple way to help students be better, more fluent readers and to increase reading
comprehension. SQ3R stands for Survey, Question, Read, Review, Recite.
Question Section
Answers will vary. Students should provide two or three questions about the content. Explain that these
questions will help give purpose and guide their reading.

FLUENCY READING: The Freshman Fifteen

Answer Key
Review
A: Answers will vary. Make sure students refer back to their original questions.
B: 1. c (lines 3-8); 2. c (lines 12-13 and 22-35); 3. d (lines 25-27); 4. a (lines 33-34); 5. b (lines 32-35)
Recite
Make sure students close their books. Have them write down all the key points they remember. Then have
students compare points in pairs.

SELF-CHECK
Personal Responses to Reading Strategy
1---8. All answers will vary. Tell the students that the questions are useful for thinking about the reading process.
Encourage discussion about SQ3R.

REVIEW READING 1: Four Funny Inventions

Answer Key
Reading Comprehension
A: 1. c (title, entire passage); 2. b (lines 2-7); 3. c (lines 11-12); 4. d (lines 26-27); 5. b (line 14); 6. c (lines 16-21)

REVIEW READING 2: My Working Holiday

Answer Key
Reading Comprehension
A: 1. c (lines 29-31); 2. c (lines 4-7, 10); 3. d (lines 24-25); 4. a (lines 27-29); 5. d (entire passage);
6. b (entire passage)

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 Fluency
Strategy:KWL(Know,Wa{,lt,
Learn)
Students should ask themselves three questions to improve their reading fluency and comprehension. The
letters K, W, and L can be used to remind them of these questions. KWL stands for Know, Want,
and Learn.

FLUENCY READING: Not Your Regular Scholarship

Answer Key
Know
A: Students should figure out that the topic of the passage is unusual scholarships.
B: Answers will vary. Tell students to recall the money -and student budget tips from Unit 4.
Want
A: Answers will vary. Students should guess what the passage is about and note questions
about things they want to learn from it.
Learn
A: Answers will vary. Make sure ·students understand that they should fill in this column
after they have read the passage.
B: 1. b (title and lines 5-7); 2. c (inference from lines 4-5); 3. b (line 2); 4. c (lines 25-30);
5. a (lines 8-15); 6. d (although the scholarship is economics-related, math is not mentioned, lines 16-22)

SELF-CHECK: KWL Strategy

Personal Responses to Reading Strategy
Answers will vary. The questions are intended to encourage reflection on the reading process in general and,
in particular, the use of this reading strategy.

REVIEW READING 3: Real Mail vs. Email

Answer Key
Reading Comprehension
1. b (entire passage); 2. c (lines ~); 3. a (lines 12-15); 4. a (lines 24-27); 5. d (lines 24-38); 6. a (entire passage)

REVIEW READING 4: Selecting the Olympic Sports

Answer Key
Reading Comprehension
1. b (entire passage); 2. a (lines 2-8); 3. a (lines 13-14); 4. c (lines 27-29); 5. c (lines 9-15); 6. a (lines 11-12, 14-16)

Review Unit 2 61
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 Dealing with Unknown Words
Students identify unknown words by circling them as they read. They should not interrupt the flow of their
reading to look up the unknown words. After reading, they list unknown words and their line numbers, and
guess the meaning of the most important words, based on context.

FLUENCY READING: Amazing Machines!

Answer Key
A: Circled words will vary. Make sure students understand they should keep reading as they circle.
B: Answers will vary.
C: a (line 8)
D: Answers will vary.
Reading Comprehension
1. b (line 15); 2. d (line 18); 3. a (lines 25-27); 4. c (lines 29-35); 5. a (lines 1-5); 6. c (entire passage)

SELF-CHECK: Dealing with Unknown Words

Personal Responses to Reading Strategy
Answers will vary. The questions are intended to encourage reflection on the reading process in general, and on
unknown words in particular.

REVIEW READING 5: Dying Languages

Answer Key
Reading Comprehension
1. c (title, entire passage); 2. d (lines 1-4); 3. b (lines 10-12); 4. b (lines 15-19); 5. b (lines 21-23); 6. d (lines 23-26)

REVIEW READING 6: Celebrating Chusok

Answer Key
Reading Comprehension
1. b (entire passage); 2. d (lines 3-4); 3. b (lines 10-14); 4. a (lines 5-9); 5. b (line 18); 6. d (entire passage)
Please note that questions 2 and 3 should have "NOT" added to them. They should be:
02: Which of these do people NOT celebrate during Chusok?
03: According to the passage, in what ways has Chusok NOT changed?

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 ReadingACTIVEiy
Students should Activate prior knowledge, Cultivate vocabulary, and. Think about meaning as they read. As
they read, they should Verify that they are using effective strategies and regularly Evaluate their progress. .

FLUENCY READING: Young People Are Adults, Too!

Answer Key
Activate Prior Knowledge
A: Guesses will vary. Make sure students connect with the main topic of young people as adults.
Cultivate Vocabulary
A: Have students circle unknown words and evaluate how much they can understand anyway.
B: Guesses will vary. Point out to students that trying to guess is more important than accuracy.
Think About Meaning
Answers will vary. Possible answers include:
The article was written by a young person probably in the United States, but maybe someone who lives in another
country and is thinking critically.about U.S. laws. The writer's goal is to express an opinion and encourage people
to think about laws that should be reformed. Opinion articles like this often appear as editorials in newspapers or
in biogs. The writer wants the legal ages to be lowered.
Increase Reading Fluency: Make sure students check their predictions as they read.
Verify Strategies: Point out the usefulness of the Self-Check questions during this stage.
Evaluate Progress
1. a (lines 2-3); 2. a (lines 8-11); 3. c (entire passage); 4. c (entire passage); 5. c (lines 9-12); 6. a (lines 21-22)

SELF-CHECK
Answers will vary. Encourage students to reflect on the usefulness of reading skills and fluency strategies.

REVIEW READING 7: The Mystery of the Fortune Cookie

Answer Key
Reading Comprehension
1. b (entire passage); 2. d (lines 1-2 and 22-23); 3. c (lines 5-6); 4. c (lines 9-11 and 16-18); 5. d (lines 20-21 );
6. c (entire passage)

REVIEW READING 8: Three Centuries of Hoaxes!

Answer Key
Reading Comprehension
1. b (entire passage); 2. d (entire passage); 3. b (lines 10-12); 4. a (lines 18-20); 5. a Oines24-29); 6. a (entire passage)

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Review Unit 4 63
 International Phonetic-Aiphabet(IF'A)

/a:/ car /ko:(r)/ /bl boy /b-:,i/

/re/ cat /kret/ Id/ day /dei/_
/ail fine /fam/ If/ face /fe1s/
/ar;J/ fire /faI;)(r)/ lg! get /get/
/au/ house /haus/ /hi hat /hret/
/au;)/ our /au;)(r)/ /j/ yes /jes/
/el bed /bed/ /kl car /ko:(r)/
/ell name /nerrn/ /1/ light /la1t/
/e;)/ hair /he;)(r)/ Im/ my /mall
III sit /sitl In/ nine /nain!
/i:/ need /ni:d/ /p/ pen /pen/
/J;)/ near /m;)(r)/ Ir/ right /ra1t/
/o/ hot /hot/ Isl see /si:/
foul go Igou/ /ti tea /ti:/
/-:,:/ four /fa:(r)/ /v/ vote /vout/
/-:,If toy /bi/ /w/ west /west/
/u/ book /buk/ /z/ zoo /zu;/
/u:/ boot /bu:t/ /J/ shoe /Ju:/
/u;)/ cure /ku;)(r)/ !:,I vision /v13:)n/
/3:/ bird fb3:(r)d/ !tJI cheap !tJi:p/
/Al cup lk.Ap/ /<Bf just l(BAStl
/;)/ about /;)baut/ /IJ/ sing lsUJI
Iii very /veri/ /0/ think /0nJk/
/6/ they /6ei/

Coverage of TOEFL® iBT Reading Skills in

ACTIVE Skills for Reading 1
,,.
Reading Purpose TOEFL «i iBT Skills Covered in Level 1 "
Reading to find information Scanning for information: Units 18, 28, 78, 9A
Reading for details: Units 2A, 38, 6B, 98
Increasing reading fluency: Reviews 1-4
Reading for basic Skimming for main ideas: Units 4A, 6A
Comprehension Identifying main ideas: Unit SA
Identifying supporting details: Units 48, 7A, 88
Making inferences: Units 5B, 1OB
Dealing with unknown words: Review 3
Reading to learn Identifying cause and effect: Unit 128
Identifying transition words: Units 5A, 11B
Recognizing sequence of events: Unit 12A
Summarizing: Unit 11A
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