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Ipe 2111 Lecture 1,2-1

The document outlines various hole making operations and turning processes in manufacturing, including turning types such as rough, finish, step, taper, chamfer, contour, facing, grooving, parting, threading, and knurling. It also describes drilling, reaming, boring, and tapping operations, detailing their purposes and methods. Each operation is characterized by its specific technique and intended outcome in shaping or modifying workpieces.

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MH Moin
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10 views

Ipe 2111 Lecture 1,2-1

The document outlines various hole making operations and turning processes in manufacturing, including turning types such as rough, finish, step, taper, chamfer, contour, facing, grooving, parting, threading, and knurling. It also describes drilling, reaming, boring, and tapping operations, detailing their purposes and methods. Each operation is characterized by its specific technique and intended outcome in shaping or modifying workpieces.

Uploaded by

MH Moin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hole making operations

IPE 2111 manufacturing processes


Turning ;

1.Turning is the most common lathe machining operation.

2.During the turning process, a cutting tool removes material from the outer diameter of a
rotating workpiece.

3.The main objective of turning is to reduce the workpiece diameter to the desired dimension.

4.There are two types of turning operations, rough and finish.


a .Rough turning operation aims to machine a piece to within a predefined thickness, by
removing the maximum amount of material in the shortest possible time, disregarding the
accuracy and surface finish.

b. Finish turning produces a smooth surface finish and the workpiece with final accurate
dimensions.

STEP TURNING :

Step turning creates two surfaces with an abrupt change in diameters


between them. The final feature resembles a step.
Taper Turning : Taper turning produces a ramp transition
between the two surfaces with different diameters due to the
angled motion between the workpiece and a cutting tool.

Chamfer Turning : Similar to the step turning, chamfer


turning creates angled transition of an otherwise square
edge between two surfaces with different turned diameters.

Contour Turning : In contour turning operation, the


cutting tool axially follows the path with a predefined
geometry. Multiple passes of a contouring tool are
necessary to create desired contours in the workpiece.
However, form tools can produce the same contour shape is
a single pass.
Facing Turning : During the machining, the length of the
workpieces is slightly longer than the final part should be.
Facing is an operation of machining the end of a workpiece that
is perpendicular to the rotating axis. During the facing, the tool
moves along the radius of the workpiece to produce the desired
part length and a smooth face surface by removing a thin layer
of material.

Grooving Turning : Grooving is a turning operation that creates a


narrow cut, a "groove" in the workpiece. The size of the cut
depends on the width of a cutting tool. Multiple tool passes are
necessary to machine wider grooves. There are two types of
grooving operations, external and face grooving. In external
grooving, a tool moves radially into the side of the workpiece and
removes the material along the cutting direction. In face grooving,
the tool machines groove in the face of the workpiece.

Parting Turning : Parting is a machining operation that


results in a part cut-off at the end of the machining cycle. The
process uses a tool with a specific shape to enter the
workpiece perpendicular to the rotating axis and make a
progressive cut while the workpiece rotates. After the edge of
the cutting tool reaches the centre of the workpiece, the
workpiece drops off. A part catcher is often used to catch the
removed part.
Threading Turning : Threading is a turning operation in
which a tool moves along the side of the workpiece, cutting
threads in the outer surface. A thread is a uniform helical
groove of specified length and pitch. Deeper threads need
multiple passes of a tool.

Knurling Turning : Knurling operation produces serrated


patterns on the surface of a part. Knurling increases the
gripping friction and the visual outlook of the machined
part. This machining process utilizes a unique tool that
consists of a single or multiple cylindrical wheels (knurls)
which can rotate inside the tool holders. The knurls contain
teeth that are rolled against the surface of the workpiece to
form serrated patterns. The most common knurling pattern is
a diamond pattern.

Drilling : Drilling operation removes the material


from the inside of a workpiece. The result of
drilling is a hole with a diameter equal to the size of
the utilized drill bit. Drill bits are usually positioned
either on a tailstock or a lathe tool holder.
Reaming : Reaming is a sizing operation that
enlarges the hole in the workpiece. In reaming
operations, reamer enters the workpiece axially
through the end and expands an existing hole to the
diameter of the tool. Reaming removes a minimal
amount of material and is often performed after
drilling to obtain both a more accurate diameter
and a smoother internal finish.

Boring : In boring operation, a tool enters the


workpiece axially and removes material along
the internal surface to either create different
shapes or to enlarge an existing hole.

Tapping : Tapping is the process in which a


tapping tool enters the workpiece axially and cuts
the threads into an existing hole. The hole matches
a corresponding bit size that can accommodate the
desired tapping tool. Tapping is also the operation
used to make a thread on nuts.

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