CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE – SIPOCOT

IMPIG, SIPOCOT, CAMARINES SUR

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Semi – Detailed Lesson Plan in

Plane Area Under the Curve

PREPARED BY:
Añonuevo, Nicole
Barangas, Melody Joy
Damiano, Ivy
Ecalner, Jorge
Llaguno, Rosavel
Orea, Janseen Sebastian
Perion, Althea
Royales, Erika

SUBMITTED TO:
Engr. Richard Castuera
 I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, 75% of the students must be able to:
1. Define the concept of finding the area under the curve.
2. Identify the formula for finding the area under the curve using
integration.
3. Apply the formula in finding the area under the curve.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Plane Area Under Curve
References: https://youtu.be/sjSOxexIVQQ?si=9JspqXY2X6hSDoy9
https://youtu.be/sjSOxexIVQQ?si=9JspqXY2X6hSDoy9
Area Under The Curve - Method, Formula, Solved Examples, FAQs
(cuemath.com)
Instructional Materials: Marker, Manila Paper
Strategies: 4As Approach

III. PROCEDURE
a. Preparation
• Prayer
• Greetings
• Checking of attendance
• Recapitulation of the previous activity

IV. LESSON PROPER

ABSTRACTION (Lesson Proper)

Topic:
• One of the most useful applications of integral calculus is learning how
to calculate the area under the curve. Definite integrals and areas
found under the curve are essential in physics, statistics, engineering,
and other applied fields. Learning about areas under the curve also
makes you appreciate what you’ve learned so far and makes you see
how amazing integral calculus is.

• Areas under the curve are formed with the function, two vertical lines,
and the horizontal axis. Their values can be calculated by evaluating the
definite integral of the function with respect to the vertical bounds.
 A. What is the area under the curve?

➢ The area under the curve is defined as the region bounded by the
function we’re working with, vertical lines representing the function’s
bounds, and the x-axis.

➢ The graph above shows the area under the curve of the continuous
function, f(x). The interval, [a,b], represents the vertical bounds of the
function. The region has to be bounded by the x-axis all the time.

• In the past, we’ve learned that we can estimate the are under the curve through
the Riemann Sum and other approximation techniques. We can find the actual
value of the area found under the curve by evaluating the integral of the function
at the bounds of its interval.
𝑏
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑎
= 𝐹(𝑏) − 𝐹(𝑎)

• Keep in mind that F(x) represents the antiderivative of f(x). this means that
when we want to find the are below f(x)’s curve and bounded by x=a and x=b
as well as the x-axis, simply evaluate f(x)’s definite integral for the interval, [a,b]

B. How to find the area under a curve?

➢ When calculating the area under the curve of f(x), use the steps
below as a guide:

STEP 1. Graph the curve.

STEP 2. Decide whether to use vertical or horizontal strip.
 STEP 3. Determine the graph/equation where the end of the strips
lie.
STEP 4. Use [(Y)Up – (Y)Down] or [(X)Right – (X)Left] for the length
of the strip.
STEP 5. Write the integral area of the strip.
STEP 6. Apply limits.

C. Formula for area under the curve

➢ The area of the curve can be calculated with respect to the different
axes, as the boundary for the given curve. The area under the curve
can be calculated with respect to the x-axis or y-axis. For special
cases, the curve is below the axes, and partly below the axes. For
all these cases we have the derived formula to find the area under
the curve.

➢ Area with respect to the x-axis: Here we shall first look at the area
enclosed by the curve y = f(x) and the x-axis. The below figures
present the area enclosed by the curve and the x-axis. The bounding
values for the curve with respect to the x-axis are a and b
respectively. The formula to find the area under the curve with
respect to the x-axis is
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑎

➢ Area with respect to the y-axis: The area of the curve bounded by
the curve x = f(y), the y-axis, across the lines y = a and y = b is given
by the following below expression. Further, the area between the
curve and the y-axis can be understood from the below graph.

𝑏
𝐴 = ∫𝑎 (𝑋(𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) − 𝑋(𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)𝑑𝑦 (for vertical strip)
 (NOTE: Strip must travel only in 2 curves/lines, not 1, not more than 2.)

EXAMPLE 1:
Find the area bounded by the curve 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 − 𝑥 2 from x=-2 to x=2.

Solution
Begin by sketching the graph to confirm that the area is located above the
x-axis.

Since the graph confirm that the entire region, we need to account for is
located above the x-axis, we simply evaluate the definite integral of f(x) from
x=-2 to x=2.
2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ∫ (4 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
−2
Apply the integral properties we’ve learned in the past to evaluate this
expression. Once we have the antiderivative of f(x), evaluate it from x=-2
and x=2.
2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ∫ (4 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
−2
𝑥3 2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = [4𝑥 − ]
3 −2
 23 (−2)3
= [4(2) − ] − [4(−2) − ]
3 3
32
= 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3
From this, we can see that the area under the curve of f(x) from x=-2 and
32
x=2 is equal to squared units.
3

EXAMPLE 2:
A great example for the second case is by finding the area bounded by the
curve of 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 9 from x = -3 to x = 3.

Solution
Graph the curve of g(x) from x = -3 to x = 3. This will confirm whether the
entire are is located entirely below the x – axis.

From this, we can see that the entire region bounded by the curve, x = -3,
x=3, and the horizontal axis is found below the x- axis. This means that after
evaluating the definite integral, we take the absolute value of the result to
find the area under the curve.
3
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = |∫ (𝑥 2 − 9)𝑑𝑥 |
−3
Find the derivative of g(x) then evaluate the resulting expression at the
bounds: x+ -3 and x+3.

3
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = |∫ (𝑥 2 − 9)𝑑𝑥 |
−3
𝑥3 3
= |[ − 9𝑥] −3 |
3
 (3)3 (−3)3
= |[ − 9(3)] − [ − 9(−3)]|
3 3
= |−36|
= 36 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

The reason why we take the absolute value of the definite integral is to make
sure that we return a positive value for the area. Hence, the area of the
curve under g(x) from x = -3 to x = 3 is 36 squared units.

EXAMPLE 3.
Find the area under the curve and the axis, 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 − 3 from y= 3 and y= -1.
Solution
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫𝑎 [(𝑥)𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 − (𝑥)𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡]𝑑𝑦
−1
= ∫3 (𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 − 3 − 0)𝑑𝑦
−1
= ∫3 (𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦
𝑦3 2𝑦 2 3
= − − 3𝑦| −1
3 2
−13 33
=[ − (−1)2 − 3(−1)] − [ 3 − 32 − (3)]
3
−1 27
=[ + 2] − [ − 18]
3 3
5
= 3 − (9 − 18)
5
= 3 − (−9)
32
= 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3

EXAMPLE 4.
Find the area bounded by the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and the x-axis and the ordinates x=1
and x=3.
Solution
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫𝑎 [(𝑌)𝑢𝑝 − (𝑌)𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛]𝑑𝑥
3
= ∫1 (𝑥 2 − 0)𝑑𝑥
3
= ∫1 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3 3
= |
3 1
33 1
= −3
3
1
=9−3
26
= 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3
EXAMPLE 5.
Find the area lying above the x-axis and under the parabola 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 .
Solution
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫𝑎 [(𝑌)𝑢𝑝 − (𝑌)𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛]𝑑𝑥
4
= ∫0 (4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
1
= 2𝑥 2 − 3 𝑥 3 | 40
1
= 2(16) − 3 (4)3
64
= 32 −
3
96−64
= 3
32
= 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3

EXAMPLE 6.
Find the area bounded by the parabola 𝑥 = 8 + 2𝑦 − 𝑦 2 and the y-axis and
the lines y= -1 and y= 3.
Solution
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫𝑎 [(𝑥)𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 − (𝑥)𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡]𝑑𝑦
3
= ∫1 (8 + 2𝑦 − 𝑦 2 − 0)𝑑𝑦
3 1
= 8𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 3 𝑦 3 | −1
92
= 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3

EXAMPLE 7.
Find the area bounded by the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 6 and the x-axis and the
ordinates x=2 and x=6.
Solution
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫𝑎 [(𝑌)𝑢𝑝 − (𝑌)𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛]𝑑𝑥
6
= ∫2 (0 − (𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 6))𝑑𝑥
6
= ∫2 −(𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 6)𝑑𝑥
1 7
= −(3 𝑥 3 − 2 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥| 62
56
𝐴= 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3
EXAMPLE 8.
Find the area of the region bounded by 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and the x-axis.

Solution
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫𝑎 [(𝑦)𝑢𝑝 − (𝑦)𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛]𝑑𝑥
3
𝐴 = ∫0 (3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 0)𝑑𝑥
3
= ∫0 3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 2 𝑥3 3
= − |
2 3 0
9
𝐴 = 2 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠