Real Numbers

CASE STUDY/ PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS

Exponential Laws
Srikanth has made a project on real numbers, where he finely explained the applicability
He also included some
of exponential laws and divisibility conditions on real numbers.
assessment at the end of his project as listed below. Answer them.
questions
(i) For what value of n, 4" ends in 0?
(a) 10 (b) when n is even
(c) when n is odd (d) no value of n

(i) Ifa is a rational number and n is a positive integer greater than 1, then for
positive
what value of n, a" is a rational number?
(a) when n is any even integer (b) when n is any odd integer
(c) for alln>1 (d) only when n 0 =

then which of the following is true?

(ii) Ifx and y are two odd positive integers,
(b) x+y is not divisible by 4
(a) x*+¥ is even
( c ) + y is odd (d) both (a) and (b)
is divisible by 3' is
(iv) The statement One of every three consecutive positive integers
(a) always true (b) always false
(c) sometimes true (d) None of these

(v) Ifn is any odd integer, then n- 1 is divisible by

(b) 55 (c) 88 (d) 8
(a) 22

Daily Life Situations

main
Real numbers are extremely useful in everyday life. That is probably one of the
reasons we all learn how to count and add and
subtract from a very young age.
of different items in
Real numbers help us to count and to measure out quantities
various fields like retail, buying, catering, publishing etc. Every normal person uses
real numbers in his daily life. After knowing the importance
of real numbers, try and
the following questions on real life
improve your knowledge about them by answering
based situations.
() Three people go for a morning walk together from the same place. Iheir steps measure 80 cm, 85 cm and
90 cm respectively. What is the mlnimum distance travelled when they meet at first time after starting the
walk assuming that their walking speed is same?
(a) 6120 cm (b) 12240 cm (c) 4080 cm (d) None of these
(i) Inaschool Independence Day parade, a group of 594 students need to march behind a band of 189 members.
The two groups have to march in the same number of columns. What is the maximum number of columns
in which they can march?
(a) 9 (b) 6 (c) 27 (d) 29
(ii) Two tankers contain 768 litres and 420 litres offuel respectively. Find the maximum capacity of the container
which can measure the fuel of either tanker exactly.
(a) litres (b) 7 litres (c) 12 litres (d) 18 litres
(tv) The dimensions of a room are 8 m 25 cm, 6 m 75 cm and 4 m 50 cm. Find the length of the largest measuring
rod which can measure the dimensions of room exactly.
(a) 1 m 25 cm (b) 75 cm (c) 90 cm (d) Im 35 cm
(v) Pens are sold in pack of 8 and notepads are sold in pack of 12. Find the least number of pack of each type
that one should buy so that there are equal number of pens and notepads.
(a) 3 and2 (b) 2 and5 (c) 3 and4 (d) 4 and 5

Activity on Real Numbers

In a classroom activity on real numbers, the students have to pick a number card from a pile and franme question
on it if it is not a rational number for the rest of the class. "The number cards picked up by first 5 students and
their questions on the numbers for the rest of the class are as shown below. Answer them.

() Suraj picked up v8 and his question was - Which ofthe following is true about v8?
(a) It is a natural number (b) It is an irrational number
(c) It is a rational number (d) None of these
(i) Shreya picked up "BONUS' and her question was - Which of the following is not irrational?

(a) 3-4/5 (b) 7-6 (c) 2+29 (d) 411-6

(i1i) Ananya picked up vi5 - v10 and her question was- Vi5-Vio is number.
(a) a natural (b) an irrational (c) a whole (d) a rational

(v) Suman picked up and her question was . number.

(a) a whole (b) a rational (c) an irrational (d) a natural
(v) Preethi picked up v6 and her question was - Which of the following is not irrational?

(a) 15+36 (b) 24-9 () 5Vi50 (d) None of these

Decimal Expansion
Decimal form of rational numbers can be classified into two types.
Let x be a rational number whose decimal expansion terminates. Then x can be expressed in the form
 where p and q co-prime and the prime
lactorisation of q is of the forin 2"5", where n, m are non
P, are

vice-versa.
negative integers and
Letr-be a rational number, such that the prime factorisation ofqtsnot ofthe form 2" 5", where n and

decimal expansion.
m arenon-negative integers. Thenx has a non-terminating repeating
decimal expansion?
(1) Which of the following rational numbers have'a terminating
(b) 77/210 (c) 15/1600 (d) 129/(22x 5 x 7)
(a) 125/441

(i) 23/(23x 5)=

(b) 0.115 (c) 0.92 (d) 1.15
(a) 0.575

(Hi) 441/(2 x5tx7) is a . decimal.

(a) terminating (b) recurring
(c) non-terminating and non-recurring (d) None of these
() For which of the following valuefs) ofp.,251/(2 xp) s a non-terminating recurring decimal?
(a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 15 (d) All of these

(v) 241/(2 x 5) is a, decimal.

(a) terminating (b) recurring
() non-terminating and non-recurring (d) None of these

Divisibility Rules
HCF and LCM are widely used in number system especially in real nunmbers in finding relationship between
different numbers and their general fornms. Also, product of two positive integers is equal to the product of their
HCF and LCM.
Based on the above iníormation answer the following questions.
) ftwo positive integers x and y are expressible in terms of primes as x = pg' and y = p'g. then which of the
following is true?
(a) HCF= pg x LCM (b) LCM=pg x HCF
(c)LCM =p?qxHCF (d) HCF=pfq x LCM
(i) A boy with collection of marbles realizes that if he makes a group of 5 or 6 marbles, there are always two
marbles left, then which of the following is correct if the number of marbles is
p?
(a) pis odd (b) pis even (c) pisnot prime (d) both (b) and (c)
(ui) Find the largest possible positive integer that wll divide 398, 436 and 542 leaving remainder 7, 11, 15
respectively.
(a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 34 (d) 17
(iv) Find the least positive integer which on adding 1 is exactly divisible by 126 and 600.
(a) 12600D (b) 12599 (c) 12601 (d) 12500
(v) IfA, B and C are three rational numbers such that 85C-
340A =
109, 425A+ 858= 146, then the sum
B and Cis divisible
by of A,
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 9
 HINTS&EXPLANATIONS
. () (d):For a number to end in zero it must be Hence, the maximum number of columns in which
divisible by 5, but 4" 2" is never divisible by 5.
= they can march is 27.
So, 4" never ends in zero for any value of n. (1i) (c): Here768 28x 3and 420 = 22 x 3 x 5x7
() (c): We know that product of two rational HCFof 768 and 420 = 2 x3 = 12
numbers is also a rational number. So, the container which can measure fuel of either
a x a = rational number tanker exactly must be of 12 litres.
So,a =

a a x a = rational number
(iv) (b): Here, Length = 825 cm, Breadth = 675 cm
a=axa= rational number
and Height = 450 cm
****** **************.****************
9******e*****e********** ***** Also, 825 =5 x 5x3x 11,675 = 5 x 5x 3x3x 3 and
" = a"'x a = rational number. 450 2 x 3x3 x5x5
(il) (d): Let x = 2m+1 andy = 2k +1 HCF 5x 5x3 = 75
Thenx+y = (2m + 1)+ (2k+ 1* Therefore, the length of the longest rod which can
4m+4m+1+ 4k* + 4k+ 1 = 4(m* +k*+ m + k) +2 measure the three dimensions of the room exactly is
So, it is even but not divisible by 4. 75 cm.

(v) (a): Let three consecutive positive integers be n, (v) (a): LCM of 8and 12 is 24.
The least number of pack of pens = 24/8 = 3
nt1 andn+ 2.
We know that when a number is divided by 3, the The least number of pack of note pads = 24/12 2

remainder oblained iseither 0 or 1 or2. 3. () (b): Here y8 = 2/2=product of rational and

So, n =3p or 3p+ 1 or 3p+ 2, wherep is some integer. irrational numbers = irrational number
Ifn= 3p, then n is divisible by 3.
Ifn=3p+ 1, then n +2 =3p+1 +2=3p+3=3p+1) (i) ():Here, 9 =3
is divisible by 3. So, 2+29 =2+6=8. which is not irrational.
Ifn=3p+2.,then n+ 1 =
3p+2+1 =
3p +3=3(p+ 1)
is divisible by 3. () (b): Here yi5 and i0 are both irrational and
So, we can say that one ofthe numbers among n, n+1 difference oftwo irrational numbers is also irrational.
and n+2 isalwaysdivisible by 3.
(iv) (c): AsVS is irrational, so its reciprocal is also
(v) (d): Ay odd number is of the form of (2k +1), irrational.
where k is any integer.
So,- 1 = (2k+ 1)2-1 = 4k + 4k (v) (d): We know that 6 is irrational.

For k 1,4k+ 4k = 8, which is divisible by 8. So, 15+3V6 is irrational.

Similarly, for k =2,4k+ 4k= 24, which isdivisible by8. Similarly, 24 -9=2/6-9 is irrational.
And for k= 3,4k +4k 48, which is also divisible by
= 8.

by for all integersk, i.e, *- 1

And 5vi50=5x 5V6 =256 is irrational.
So,4+4k is divisible 8
is divisible by 8 for all odd values of n. 4. () (c):Here, the simplest form of given options
2. (1) (b):Here80 24x 5, 85 = 17 x5 are
125/441 5I(3 x 7*),77/210 = 11/(2 x3 x 5).
and90 2x3x5
15/1600 3/(2 x 5)
LC.Mof80,85 and 90 =2x3x3x5x 17 12240 =

Out of all the glven options, the denominator of

Hence, the minimum distance each should walk when
is a
they at first time is 12240 cm. option (c) alone has only 2 and 5 as factors. So, it
terminating decimal.
(i) (c):Here594 = 2 x3 x 1l and 189 = 3 x7
HCF of 594 and 189 = 3=27 () (b):23/(2 x 5) =
23/200 0.115
(i) (a): 441/(22 x 57 x 7) =
9/(2 x 5), which is a Thus, number of marbles, p =
(multiple of 5 x 6) +2
terminating decimal. =
30k +2 =
2(15k+ 1)
= which is an even number but not primne
(Iv) (d): The fraction form of a non-terminating
(ii) (d): Here, required numbers
recurring decimal will have at least one prime number =HCF (398 7,436 11, 542 -15)
other than 2 and 5 as its factors in denominator.

So, p can take either of 3, 7 or 15. HCF (391, 425, 527) 17 =

100 12600
factors (iv) (b): LCM of 126and 600 2x3x21 x

(v) (a): Here denominator has only two prime The least positive integer which on adding 1 is exacthly
decimal.
i.e., 2 and 5 and hence it is a terminating divisible by 126 and 600 12600 1 = 12599

5. (1) (b):LCM of x and y =

p'y and HCF of x and (v) (a): Here 85C- 340A = 109 and 425A + 85B =146
yp On adding them, we get
Also, LCM=pq* x HCE 85A+85B + 85C =255 » A+ B+ C= 3, which is

5m +2 6n 2. divisible by 3.
() (d): Number of marbles
= or +