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Week 4 Exogenic & Endogenic Processes

The document discusses geomorphic processes, which are classified into exogenic and endogenic processes. Endogenic processes originate within the Earth and include tectonic movements and magmatism, while exogenic processes are driven by external forces such as weathering and erosion. Key concepts include the formation of rocks, geological stress, and the differences between weathering and erosion.

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Samantha Erica
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9 views3 pages

Week 4 Exogenic & Endogenic Processes

The document discusses geomorphic processes, which are classified into exogenic and endogenic processes. Endogenic processes originate within the Earth and include tectonic movements and magmatism, while exogenic processes are driven by external forces such as weathering and erosion. Key concepts include the formation of rocks, geological stress, and the differences between weathering and erosion.

Uploaded by

Samantha Erica
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Earth and Life and Science

Week 4: Exogenic & Endogenic Processes

Geomorphic Processes
- The process that brings about changes on the earth’s surface is known as
geomorphic processes. These processes are divided into two: Exogenic
and Endogenic processes.
- the forces which derive their strength from the earth’s exterior or originate
within the earth’s exterior or originate within the earth’s atmosphere are
called exogenic forces / external.
- While the endogenic forces/ internal, also called internal forces, are used
to describe the pressure that originates inside the earth.

Endogenic process
- A geological process that was formed, and originated below the surface
of the earth. It involves geologic activities such as tectonic movements,
metamorphism, seismic, activities, and magmatism.
- Used to describe the pressure that originates inside the earth.
- The ground we live on is moving all the time and the forces within the
Earth that cause the ground to move are called endogenic forces.
- Energy is mostly generated by radioactivity, rotational and tidal friction,
and primordial heat

1. Diastrophism- all the possesses that move, elevate, or build up portions of


the earth’s crust.
2. Volcanism- includes the movement of molten rock (magma) toward the
earth’s surface.

Magma Formation
3. Magmatism
- The original material that makes up igneous rocks
- Happens when magma is generated and develops into igneous
(magmatic rocks)
- The process can take place either under the surface or on the surface of
the earth.

4. Metamorphism (heat, pressure, and stress)


- Process of changing the materials that make up a rock
- Chemical Components and geologic characteristics of the rock changed
due to heat and pressure that are increasing and decreasing.
- Note: rocks changing due to weathering and sedimentation are not
considered to have undergone metamorphism.

5. Geological Stress- the forces applied to rocks and plates


A. Confining Stress- from the weight of material above a buried object. This
can cause sinkholes
B. Compression- the push toward each other, causing a decrease in the
space of rock. Results in mountain building.
C. Tension- stress that pulls material in opposite directions. Separated all the
continents in the world.
D. Shear- parallel stress that move past each other in opposite directions
can cause earthquake.

Exogenic Processes
- include the tidal force of the moon and erosion.
- Erosion- mostly made by precipitation such as rain and snow, and by wind
cyclones, tornadoes, drought, thunderstorms, rainfall, snowfall, winds, and
hailstorms.
- Denudation- all the exogenic geomorphic processes are covered.
Ex: weathering, mass wasting, movements, and transportation
Denude- means to strip off or to uncover

These processes are usually influenced or driven by gravity, water, wind, and
organisms: weathering, erosion, mass wasting, sedimentation.
Weathering
- The process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces.
A. Physical Weathering
- caused by the effects of changing temperature. Freeze and Exfoliation

B. Chemical Weathering
- Caused by rainwater reacting with the mineral grains in rocks to form new
minerals. Occurs when the water is slightly acidic.
- Solution- removal of rocks in solution by acidic rainwater.
- Hydrolysis- the breakdown of rock by acidic water to produce clay and
soluble salts.
- Oxidation- the breakdown of rocks by oxygen and water. Rusty-colored.

C. Biological Weathering
- Living organisms contribute to the weathering process;
- piddock shells, bore into rocks for protection either by scraping away the
grains or secreting acid to dissolve the rocks.
- Bacteria, algae, and lichens produce chemicals that help break down
rocks on which they live.

Erosion
- Moves rock debris or soil from one place to another.
Sedimentation
- Accumulation of materials such as soil, rocks, and fragments. Particles
settling on the ground. Sediments load becomes thick and forms a new
layer of ground.
SUMMARY: W.E.D
Weathering Erosion Deposition
The BREAKING DOWN of The MOVEMENT of The DROPPING of sediment
rock. sediment from broken in a NEW place.
rocks.

Weathering agents Erosion agents include: Examples:


include: Formation of an Island,
Water, Wind, Ice, Animals, Water, Wind, Ice, Gravity Sand Dunes
and Growing Plants
How is erosion different from weathering?
- Erosion particles are worn away and moved elsewhere by the wind, water
or ice. Weathering involves no moving agents or transport.

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