MISRAKPOLY TECHNIC

DEPARTMENT OF ICT
COLLEGE

Learning Guide #1

Unit of Competence: Operate Personal Computer

Introduction LO1- Start the computer

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
Following content coverage and topics –

 Checking Peripheral device connections.

 Checking Input voltage for the device based on OHS Standards
 Switching on Power at both the power point and computer.
 Using basic input device

This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to
 Check Peripheral device connections for correct position.

Prepared by:
 Check Input Asnake
voltage Bogale
for the device based on the OHS standards.
May 2022on the power at both power point and computer.
 Switch
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  Use basic input device

Learning Activities

1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.

2. Read the information written in the “Information Sheet 1”.
3. Accomplish the “Self-check 1” in page 6.
4. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation, proceed to “Operation Sheet 1”. However, if
your rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for further instructions.
5. Read the “Operation Sheet 1” and try to understand the procedures discussed.
6. Submit your accomplished Self-check 1. This will form part of your training portfolio.
7. Read the “Operation Sheet 2” and try to understand the procedures discussed.
8. Accomplish the “Self-check 2” in page 15.
9. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation proceed to LAP Test.
However, if your rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for further instructions.
10. Submit your accomplished Self-check 2. This will form part of your training portfolio.
11 Do the “LAP test” in page 16 (if you are ready) and show your output to your
teacher.

*Your teacher will evaluate your output either satisfactory or unsatisfactory. If

Unsatisfactory your teacher will advise you on additional work. But if satisfactory you can
proceed to the next topic.

Information Sheet – 1 Checking Peripheral device connections.

A peripheral or peripheral device is an auxiliary device used to put information into and
get information out of a computer. The term peripheral device refers to all hardware
components that are attached to a computer and are controlled by the computer system,
but they are not the core components of the computer, such as the CPU or power supply
unit. In other words, peripherals can also be defined as devices that can be easily
removed and plugged into a computer system.

A computer is a programmable machine designed to sequentially and automatically carry

out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations
can be changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem.

Several categories of peripheral devices may be identified, based on their relationship

with the computer:

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  An input device : sends data or instructions to the computer, such as a mouse,
keyboard, graphics tablet, image scanner, barcode reader, game controller, light pen, light
gun, microphone and webcam;
 An output device : provides output data from the computer, such as a computer
monitor, projector, printer, headphones and computer speaker;
 An input/output device : performs both input and output functions, such as a
computer data storage device (including a disk drive, solid-state drive, USB flash drive,
memory card and tape drive), modem, network adapter and multi-function printer.

Input device
In computing, an input device is a piece of equipment used to provide data and control
signals to an information processing system, such as a computer or information
appliance.

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Input devices: are components that you use to feed information to the computer system.
Input devices are hardware items such as; Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone,
Trackballs, Joysticks, Digitizer, etc.

Output device: is any piece of computer hardware equipment which converts

information into a human-perceptible form or, historically, into a physical machine-
readable form for use with other non-computerized equipment. It can be text, graphics,
tactile, audio, or video. Examples include monitors, printers, speakers, headphones,
projectors, GPS devices, optical mark readers, and braille readers.

In the industrial setting, output devices also include "printers" for paper tape and punched
cards, especially where the tape or cards are subsequently used to control industrial
equipment, such as an industrial loom with electrical robotics which is not fully
computerized.

Output devices :are components that retrieve information from the computer.

Input /output device

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Computer data storage
Computer data storage it is one of I/O device .it is a technology consisting of computer
components and recording media that are used to retain digital data. It is a core function
and fundamental component of computers.

No matter how powerful the components inside your computer are, you need a way to
interact with them. This interaction is called input/output (I/O). The most common types
of I/O in PCs are:

 Monitor - The monitor is the primary device for displaying information from the
computer.
 Keyboard - The keyboard is the primary device for entering information into the
computer.
 Mouse - The mouse is the primary device for navigating and interacting with the
computer.
 Removable storage - Removable storage devices allow you to add new
information to your computer very easily, as well as save information that you want
to carry to a different location. There are several types of removable storage:

o CD-ROM - CD-ROM (compact disc, read-only memory) is a popular form of

distribution of commercial software. Many systems now offer CD-R
(recordable) and CD-RW (rewritable), which can also record. CD-RW discs
can be erased and rewritten many times.
o Flash memory - Based on a type of ROM called electrically erasable
programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Flash memory provides
fast, permanent storage. CompactFlash, Smart Media and PCMCIA cards
are all types of Flash memory.
o DVD-ROM - DVD-ROM (digital versatile disc, read-only memory) is similar
to CD-ROM but is capable of holding much more information.

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 Self-Check 1 Written Test

Name:____________________ Date:_________________

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Illustrations may be necessary to aid
some explanations/answers.

1. What is a computer (3pts)

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2. What are the 2 classification of computer device? (2pts)

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3. A computer device that you use to feed information to the computer system. (1pt)
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a. List down at least 3 examples of these components: (3pts)
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4. A computer device that retrieve information from the computer.
a. List down at least 3 examples of these components (3pts)
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4. A primary device used for navigating and interacting with the computer. (1pt)
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5. A primary device for used for entering information into the computer. (1pt)
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6. A primary device for used for displaying information from the computer. (1pt)
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7. What is Removable Storage? (2pts)
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8. List down at least 3 types of Removable storage: (3pts)

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Note: Satisfactory rating – 18 points above / Unsatisfactory - below 18 points.

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

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 Setting Up And Connecting Your Basic I/O
Devices by Checking Input voltage for the
Operation Sheet 1 device based on the OHS standards

Setting up and connecting the input output devices

Setting up and connecting your computer system

input and output devices is very easy. All
recently manufactured computers use color code
which makes even easier to setup. The color of
the port matches with the color of the device
connector. Also, usually there is an icon of the
device beside the device port. Refer to the
picture on the left to see how the color coding
work and how to connect all the computer
devices.

Step to connect your computer

1. Connect your power cord to the wall jack and
to your computer
2. Connect the monitor to the monitor serial port
as the picture shows
3. Connect your mouse and keyboard to the
ports as the picture shows
4. Connect your speakers jack to middle line
(normally green color). Connect your speaker
power code
5. Connect all your USB devices. There are list
of devices come with USB connection including
I/O devices, Digital Imaging devices, printers,
mobile phones, USB-to-Serial & vice versa, etc.
6. Power-ON Monitor and computer **Power-ON
the monitor first, and then power-ON the
computer.
“This sequence is very important”

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Safety Instructions based on OHS standards:

Observe the following safety guidelines when connection and using your monitor:
 Be sure that your monitor is electrically rated to operate with the AC power
available in your location.
 Locate your monitor near an easily accessible electrical outlet.
 Place the monitor on a solid surface and treat it carefully. The screen can be
damaged if dropped, sharply hit, or touched with a sharp or abrasive implement.
 Put your monitor in a location with low humidity and a minimum of dust.
 Never use your monitor if the power cable has been damaged. Do not allow
anything to rest on the power cable, and keep the cable away from where people
could trip over it.
 Never insert anything metallic into the monitor openings. Doing so may create the
danger of electric shock.
 To avoid electric shock, never touch the inside of the monitor. Only a qualified
technician should open the monitor's case.
 Be sure to hold the plug, not the cable, when disconnecting the monitor from an
electrical outlet.
 Openings in the monitor cabinet are provided for ventilation. To prevent
overheating, these openings should not be blocked or covered. Also, avoid using
the monitor on a bed, sofa, rug, or other soft surface.
 Doing so may block the ventilation openings in the bottom of the cabinet. If you put
the monitor in a bookcase or some other enclosed space, be sure to provide
adequate ventilation.
 Do not expose the monitor to rain or use it near water. If the monitor accidentally
gets wet, unplug it and contact an authorized dealer immediately. You can clean
the exterior of the monitor with a damp cloth when necessary, but be sure to
unplug the monitor first. If your monitor does not operate normally-in particular, if
there are any unusual sounds or smells coming from it -unplug the monitor
immediately and contact an authorized dealer or service center.

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 Switching on the power at both power point and
computer and working with the input devise
Operation Sheet 2

Powering Up a PC
A typical computer session begins with turning on the power. Here's what happens in that
process:

1. You press the "On" button on the computer and the monitor.

2. You see the BIOS software doing its thing, called the power-on self-test (POST). On
many machines, the BIOS displays text describing such data as the amount of memory
installed in your computer and the type of hard disk you have. During this boot sequence,
the BIOS does a remarkable amount of work to get your computer ready to run.

 The BIOS determines whether the video card is operational. Most video cards have
a miniature BIOS of their own that initializes the memory and graphics processor
on the card. If they don't, there is usually video-driver information on another ROM
on the motherboard that the BIOS can load.
 The BIOS checks to see if this is a cold boot or a reboot. It does this by checking
the value at memory address 0000:0472. A value of 1234h indicates a reboot, in
which case the BIOS skip the rest of POST. Any other value is considered a cold
boot.
 If your computer is undergoing a cold boot, the BIOS verifies RAM by performing a
read/write test of each memory address. It checks for a keyboard and a mouse. It
looks for an expansion bus and, if it finds one, checks all the connected cards. If
the BIOS finds any errors during the POST, it notifies you with a series of beeps or
a text message displayed on the screen. An error at this point is almost always a
hardware problem.
 The BIOS displays some details about your system. This typically includes
information about the following:
o Processor
o Floppy and hard drive
o Memory
o BIOS revision and date
o Display
 Any special drivers, such as those for expansion cards, are loaded from the
adapter and the BIOS displays the information.
 The BIOS looks at the sequence of storage devices identified as boot devices in
the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) setup. Boot is short for
"bootstrap," as in the old phrase "Pull yourself up by your bootstraps." Boot refers
to the process of launching the operating system. The BIOS tries to initiate the boot
sequence from the first device using the bootstrap loader.

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 Power button

3. The bootstrap loader loads the operating system into memory and allows it to begin
operation. It does this by setting up the divisions of memory that hold the operating
system, user information and applications. The bootstrap loader then establishes the data
structures that are used to communicate within and between the sub-systems and
applications of the computer. Finally, it turns control of the computer over to the operating
system

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Switching to Projector

Connecting a projector to a computer is a now-common practice in the business

world, as well as for the home user. While there are a huge number of computer/projector
permutations out there, there are common threads that will allow virtually any computer to
work with any projector. Having everything set and ready to go will avoid a last-minute
rush at an important presentation, something that could make you look bad.

How to Connect a Computer to a Projector

 Step 1

Determine exactly what type of cable you need to connect the computer to the
projector. Every projector comes with a cable, but older projectors have VGA jacks,
while newer projectors have DVI jacks, or both. If the projector you're using is
missing its cable, you can use a standard video cable, the same type used for
monitors

A standard VGA cable

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  Step 2
o Connect the cable to the computer. Depending on the type of computer you
have, you might be able to connect the projector via the VGA or DVI port. If
you have a laptop, you might need an adapter to attach the projector's cable
to the computer. If you bought the laptop new, that adapter was included.
 Step 3

Configure the display settings on the computer, which can be found in the
Control Panel on Windows computers and in the System Preferences. This
determines the resolution for the projector. If you don't have any
documentation for the projector to find which resolution you should use, you
will have to test the different settings to see which gives the best display.
Usually the default setting delivers the optimal resolution for a projector.

DVI (top) and VGA (bottom) jacks

 Step 4

Have things set up so that the projector mirrors what's on the screen. It's far
easier to work on the computer while watching its display, not what's being
projected on the wall.

Display preferences in Windows:

How to Type: Hand Placement, Posture, & Tips

To type most effectively and safely, follow these guidelines.

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Hand Placement

Place your fingers on the "home row," with your index fingers on F and J (note the small
bump on those two keys) and all other fingers on the next keys.

Your fingers should always remain on home row except when performing a reach as part
of a keystroke. The more you move your fingers, the less efficient your typing will be!

Posture

To type correctly with the lowest risk for injury,

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  Sit forward in your chair with feet placed flat on the ground.
 Keep your back straight.
 Make sure your arms and hands are parallel to the keyboard.
 Keep your wrists straight, not bending up or down toward the keyboard.
 Fingers should be curled toward each key, not flat.

Tips & Tricks

1. DO NOT looks at your fingers when typing. This will slow you down in the long run even
though it is easier at first.
2. Begin each exercise by finding the home row and making sure you know which keys are
under which fingers. This will make looking at your hands unnecessary!
3. Start slow and focus on accuracy. Speed is easier to gain than poor accuracy is to fix.
4. Be patient! Learning to type accurately and with speed takes a long time and lots of
practice. But, if you practice regularly, you should see increases in speed and accuracy
within hours!

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 Self-Check 2 Written Test

Name:____________________ Date:_________________

Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you have some clarifications- feel free
to ask your teacher.

1 What is BIOS stands for? (2pts)

2 What is POST stands for? (2pts)

3 Enumerate the details that your BIOS display about your system: (5pts)

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4 What is CMOS stands for? (2pts)

5 It refers to the process of launching the operating system. (1pt)

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Choose the correct answer (1pt each)
1. Which of the following does not occur during the power-on-self-test (POST)?
a. To scan disk utility begins to run
b. The video card and video memory are tested
c. The BIOS identification process occurs
d. The memory chip is checked to ensure that they are working properly

2. A small part of the taskbar that has icons of background running applications is
a. Start button b. Quick launch c. Task bar d. System tray

3. Which is the first program run on a computer when the computer boots up?
a. System software b. Operating system c. System operations

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4. Which of the following is not essential to shut down your computer?
a. Save all opened files
b. Close all running applications
c. Switch off monitor
d. Cut off the power supply

5. Which of the following is suitable after you install new drivers?

a. Shutdown b. Restart c. Sleep d. Hibernate
6. Windows displays various options to shut down. Which is suitable at the end of the
day?
a. ShutDown b. Restart c. Sleep d. Hibernate

Answer key
1.A 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6. B

Note: Satisfactory rating – 13 points above / Unsatisfactory - below 13 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers

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 LAP Test Practical Demonstration

Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Time started: ________________________ Time finished: ________________

Instructions: You are required to perform the following individually with the presences of
your teacher.

1. Identify the given computer parts and differentiate whether it’s an Input Device or an
Output Device.
2. Demonstrate on how to connect the computer peripherals / devices. Please take note
of the given safety instructions while working. Let your teacher check the connection
before proceeding to the next instruction.
3. Switch on your computer, and then demonstrate on how to connect your computer to a
projector.
4. Type this paragraph
Text: allows for the storage of any kind of data, characters, digits and special characters.
It has a defect length of 50 characters with a maximum length of 255. It is normally used
to store data such as names, addresses, or any number not used in calculations, like
telephone numbers or zip codes.

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 Introduction LO2- Access basic system information

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics –

2.1. Inserting username and password on introductory screen

2.2. Navigating operating system
 .Accessing system information
 Identifying system configuration
 Identifying application versions in operation
 Identifying system browser
2.3. Using On-line help functions

This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to –

 Insert user name and password as prompted and noted access, privacy, security
and related conditions of use displayed on introductory screens.
 Navigate operating system to access system information to identify system
configuration and application versions in operation.
 Use On-line help functions

Learning Activities

1 Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.

2. Read the information written in the “Information Sheet 1”.
3. Accomplish the “Self-check 1” in page 22.
4. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation, proceed to “Operation Sheet 1”. However,
if your rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for further instructions.
5. Read the “Operation Sheet 1” and try to understand the procedures discussed.
6. Submit your accomplished Self-check 1. This will form part of your training portfolio.
7. Read the “Operation Sheet 2” and try to understand the procedures discussed.
8. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation proceed to LAP Test.
However, if your rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for further instructions.
9. Do the “LAP test” in page 30 (if you are ready) and show your output to your
teacher.

*Your teacher will evaluate your output either satisfactory or unsatisfactory. If

Unsatisfactory, your teacher shall advice you on additional work. But if satisfactory
you can proceed to the next topic.

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 username and password on introductory
Information Sheet-1 screen

2.1. Username and Password on Windows 7

It is commonplace now to have at least one personal computer in a household at a time. In fact, it
is often the case that each member of the household has access to their own! However, if you
share a computer at home or at work, you can use accounts. This enables everyone to sign in, use
programs, store their own data, and customize the interface to their liking.
This lesson will show you, if you are a computer administrator, how to create, modify, and
remove user accounts.
Opening User Accounts
When you first turn on your computer, you have to log in by clicking your user name and entering
a password. In the Control Panel, click User Accounts and Family Safety.
User accounts. If you are a computer administrator, you will see your account details:

Click “Manage another account” to view all user accounts on your computer.
If you are the only user, you will actually see two accounts: yours, and a guest account:

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Double-click any user account to view or modify its properties.
Adding a User Account

Click Accounts and Family Safety  “Add or remove user

accounts:”

Click the “Create a new account” link near the bottom of the
window. Give the new account a name and then choose the
account type:

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Standard users have nearly full access to the computer, but
they are not allowed to make any changes that will affect any
other user or compromise the security of the computer.
Administrators have full access to all features.

Click Create Account to proceed. The new account will be

shown in the list of current accounts:

Changing User Account Properties

In the Control Panel, click User Accounts and Family Safety 
“Add or remove user accounts”

to view all accounts:

Click a user account to view the account details:

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Select any of the options in the list to perform that action on
the account. Any new accounts that have been created by
you are not immediately equipped with a password, so you
have the option to create the password for the account. If
the user has forgotten a password, they must contact an
administrator in order to have it reset.
Removing a User Account

Click any of the accounts in the list to view its properties and
then click “Delete the account:”

When you click this link, you can choose to keep all files
associated with that profile on your desktop or delete all files
associated with the account:

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If you delete the account, you will be asked to confirm your
choice; click Delete Account.

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 Operation Sheet 1 Creating User Account / Password

Creating User Account

How to Create a Password for a Local User Account in Windows 7

To Create a Password for Your Local Account in PC settings

While signed in to your local user account, open PC settings, and do step 2 or 3 below for
1.
what Windows 8 you have.
2. If you have Windows 8 or Windows RT, then click/tap on Users on the left side of PC settings,
click/tap on Create a password under Sign-in options on the right side, and go to step 4 below.
(see screenshot below)

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To Create a Password for any Local Account in Control Panel

NOTE: You must be signed in as an administrator to be able to do this option.

1. Open the Control Panel (icons view), and click/tap on the User Accounts
icon.
2. Click/tap on the Manage another account link.
3. Click/tap on a local user account that you want to create a password
for and is not already password protected
4. Click/tap on the Create a password link.
5. Type in a password and password hint for the user account, and click/tap
on Create password.
NOTE: If you do not want to create a password hint, then you can leave the password hint field
empty.
6. You will notice that the local user account is password protected now.
You can close this window now if you like.
7. Be sure to let the user know what their password is. It is recommended that
this user creates a password reset CD/DVD or USB flash drive to have
handy in case the local user should forget their password in the future.

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 Information Sheet-2 Navigating operating system

2.2. Navigating operating system

When you open the Control Panel, all of the primary categories of options are
listed in green, with the most commonly used category options in blue. For
example, consider the Hardware and Sound option:

When you click a category, a navigation pane will appear on the left side of the
window. This pane shows you where you are in relation to the other categories.
Notice that the address bar now shows the category name as well:

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Clicking the actual Hardware and Sound link will open all category options, as
shown in the diagram below. If you clicked the blue “Add a device” link, you
would be taken directly to the sub option in the red box:

Sometimes when you have clicked a link to view the details of a category
or clicked a sub option, you will see some related Control Panel options:

Beside the address bar at the top of the window are Back and Forward
navigation buttons. You can also return to the home screen of the Control Panel
by clicking Control Panel Home:

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You might have noticed that some Control Panel sub options have a small Windows
Shield icon beside them. The options can only be modified by computer administrators
and may be password protected:

Accessing System Information

For an overall report on your computer and its capabilities, click System and Security 
System.
This will open the System dialog box.
You can also view System information opening the Start menu, right-clicking the
Computer button, and then clicking Properties:

The System dialog will appear and show you the version of Windows that is currently
installed, processor speed, memory, and system type, as well as network information. The
links in the navigation pane provide access to other areas of your computer where you
can modify hardware and software

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Identifying system configuration

Although most computer users are aware of the importance of basic PC components like the
RAM and hard drive, other components -- like the graphics and sound cards, network adapter
and central processing unit -- are also critical to a PC's operation. You need this information to
troubleshoot or upgrade your computer and when downloading drivers. For the best
performance, business owners should keep up-to-date with their computer equipment; to
determine whether or not you should upgrade a workstation, review the PC's configuration in
Windows.

type "msinfo32.exe" into the Start menu's search box and press "Enter" to view the system
information. You can also click the Start button, right-click "Computer" and then click "Properties"
to see your operating system, processor model, computer make and model, processor type and
RAM specifications.
Identifying application versions in operation

1. Click the File tab.

2. Click Help.

3. Under the about section for your Office product, find the version number and
product ID number.

Identifying system browser version

In the browser's toolbar, click on “Help" or the Settings icon. Click the menu option that
begins “About” and you'll see what type and version of browser you are using.

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 2.3. Using On-line help functions

Different ways to find help for Windows

 Search for help - Enter a question or keywords in the search box on the taskbar to find
apps, files, settings, and get help from the web.

 support.microsoft.com - Head over to support.microsoft.com/windows to find answers

to more complex problems, browse support content in different categories, and contact
support.

 Get help - Select the Get help link when you're in Settings to learn more about the
setting you're using and find answers to your questions.

Open Get help app

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 Self-Check 1 Choice

Name:____________________ Date:_________________

Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you have some clarifications- feel
free to ask your teacher. (1pt each)
1. When you encounter this icon beside a link or setting, what does this mean?
A. It will lead to the Control Panel
B. It can be used by everyone except the Guest account
C. It can only be opened by an administrator
D. It can only be used with Windows Firewall
2. Changing the “View by” combo box in the Control Panel:
A. Makes items appear in black and white
B. Makes it easier for people who have used previous Windows versions to find
what they are looking for
C. Provide less functionality
D. Provide more functionality
3. Which resolution puts the most information on the screen?
A. 1024 x 768 pixels
B. 1280 x 1024 pixels
C. 800 x 600 pixels
D. Only monitor size determines the amount of information
4. Which is true when dealing with Date and Time settings in the Control Panel?
A. Anyone can modify the date/time
B. You cannot change the time zone
C. Daylight savings time is applied automatically
D. Daylight savings time can only be applied by an administrator
5. Which statement is true when modifying mouse properties?
A. The mouse can be made to work for left or right-handed people
B. You can apply a different pointer scheme
C. You can increase or decrease double-click sensitivity
D. All of the above
6. What does HDMI stand for?
A. High Definition Multimedia Interface
B. High Data Multimedia Interface
C. Heuristic Data Management Interface
D. None of the above
7. Which Ease of Access enhancement is designed to allow people with the use of one
hand to type easier?
A. Sticky Keys
B. Mouse Keys
C. Key Lock
D. Toggle Keys only
8. Which statement best describes a high-contrast color scheme?
A. All Windows elements are displayed in primary colors only
B. The mouse and cursor on the screen are made very large to be easier to see

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 C. All text is made bright yellow
D. Text and window outlines are displayed white on black
9. Which statement is true regarding the Guest account?
A. the Guest account is always on
B. the Guest account allows anyone to use the computer
C. the Guest account provides the same privileges as administrators
D. All of the above are false
10. Which statement best describes what happens when you erase an account?
A. Nothing; the account is simply erased
B. You have the option to save the person's profile picture
C. You have the option to save the person's e-mail if they used Windows Live Mail
D. You have the option to save all personal files before deleting the account

Note: Satisfactory rating – 8 points above / Unsatisfactory - below 8 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers

Self-check Answer

1.B 2. D 3.B 4. D 5.A 6. B 7.A 8. D 9.B 10.D

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 LAP Test Practical Demonstration

1. Create an Administrator account”Misrakcollege” and standard or limited account

“ICT”.
2. Show the system information of your PC such as OS Name, Version, OS
Manufacturer, System Manufacturer, System Model and system type.
3. Change the standard user “ICT” into Administrator account.
4. Give a strong password to both users.
5. Write the steps to access system information.
6. Write the steps to system configuration.
7. Write the version of Microsoft word on Notepad program.
8. Write the version of system browser on Notepad program.
9. open Microsoft word On-line (write office.live.com in address bar of browser )
10. Write the following text on the Microsoft word On-line and save on the desktop by
your name.

Here are a few different ways to find help for Windows

 Search for help - Enter a question or keywords in the search box on the taskbar
to find apps, files, settings, and get help from the web.

 support.microsoft.com - Head over to support.microsoft.com/windows to find

answers to more complex problems, browse support content in different
categories, and contact support.

 Get help - Select the Get help link when you're in Settings to learn more about
the setting you're using and find answers to your questions.

5
Introduction LO3. Navigate and Manipulate desktop environment

Navigation refers to the act of opening and moving through computer menus, like the Start menu
in Windows, opening software programs, or viewing files in Windows Explorer. More generally,
to navigate is to move your mouse around the screen to access icons and the other features of an
operating system.

What is manipulating window?

The users capabilities that can create, shape and control windows environment.

3.1. Creating and customizing Desktop icons

To create your own icons on desk top

 Right-click on the desktop background and choose Personalize

 Click the Change Desktop Icons link in the Navigation pane.
 Click the check boxes for any desktop icons you want to appear on the Windows
7 desktop.

To customize your folder icons:

Step 1: Right-click on a folder you want to customize and select “Properties.”

Step 2: In the “Customize” tab, go to the “Folder icons” section and click the “Change
Icon” button.
Step 3: Choose one of the many icons listed in the box then click OK.

6
Desktop icons are selected, opened and closed to access application programs

How do I select icons on my desktop?

To view them, right-click the desktop, selects View, and then selects Show desktop icons.

To add icons to your desktop such as This PC, Recycle Bin and more: right-click the desktop >
Personalization > click on change Desktop icons >select Desktop icon settings.

Choose the icons you would like to have on your desktop, and then select Apply and OK

7
 Manipulating and returning Application windows to original conditions

A system restore is a feature of the Windows operating system that allows you to revert your
computer's state to a previous point in time. When you do a system restore, Windows 7 and
Windows Vista choose the most recent system restore date and time. But sometimes, you may
want a less recent restore point. For example, when a system upgrade and a software addition are
botched, you need to restore your computer to a point from several days earlier.
To restore to an earlier point, follow these steps:

1. Save all of your files.

System Restore operation restarts the computer. Save your files then close your programs. Do it
now.
2. From the Start button menu, choose All Programs→Accessories→System Tools→System
Restore.
3. In Windows Vista, click the Continue button or type the administrator’s password.
System Restore’s main window appears. That is, unless you’ve recently restored the system, in
which case you see an option to undo the system restore.
4. Click the Next button.
A list of recent restore points appears. The most recent restore point is selected, which is most
likely the one you want. If you don’t see recent restore points and instead see another screen,
choose the Recommended Restore option.

8
5. Choose the proper restore date.
To restore to an earlier time, place a check mark in the square by the option Show Restore Points
Older than 5 Days.
1. Click the Next button.
A screen detailing which hard drives to restore is shown. The one you need is most likely already
selected.
2. Click the Next button.
You may not have a second Next button, in which case you just:
3. Click the Finish button.
4. Click Yes to restart Windows.
Wait while Windows restarts.
After you log in again, you need to wait a bit more. Eventually, you see a confirmation message
explaining that Windows has been restored: You see (after a seemingly endless amount of time) a
dialog box explaining how the System Restore operation went; click the Close button.
Restoring the system is also a start-up option. Choose the option Last Known Good
Configuration, which is more or less the last system restore point.

9
 You can also perform system restore in Safe mode. That’s a good choice, especially when the
computer is unusable otherwise.

Choosing an older restore point increases the likelihood that the restore won’t be successful. If
possible, you can try to incrementally restore by choosing a more recent restore point and then
running System Restore again with an increasingly older restore point.

When you restore to an older restore point, you remove any software and hardware updates
installed in the “between time,” when some programs and certain hardware don’t work and
require reinstallation after the system restore operation is complete.

How do I reset or restore a Windows 7 PC to factory settings? As we all know, Windows 7

doesn’t have the built-in refresh and reset options like Windows 8/8.1 and you have no other way
to restore your computer to factory settings unless you have a manufacturer-provided install
media or recovery disc.

Many computer manufacturers are pre-installing Windows without giving you the actual
installation media to go with it. Instead, they create a hidden recovery partition for users to
perform a factory reset. If your hard drive has such a recovery partition, you can then reset your
Windows 7 system to factory settings without needing any discs or external drives. Here’s how.

How to Reset Windows 7 to Factory Settings without Install Disc?

1. Click Start, and then choose Control Panel. Click System and Security.

10
2. Next choose Backup and Restore.

3. In the Backup and Restore window, click on the Recover system settings or your
computer link.

11
4. Next, choose advanced recovery methods.

5. Now you’ll be presented with two options: “Restore files from a system image backup” and
“Return Your Computer to Factory Condition“. Click on “Return Your Computer to Factory
Condition”.
Note: If your computer doesn’t have a recovery partition, then the factory reset option is not
available and you’ll see the “Reinstall Windows (requires Windows installation disc)” option
instead.
6. Select to either create a Back up now, or to Skip it and continue the factory reset without
backing up any of your current files.

12
7. Click the Restart button to reboot your computer and to start the factory reset process.

13
 Self-Check 1 Choice

Name:____________________ Date:_________________

Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you have some clarifications- feel free to ask
your teacher. (1pt each)

Choose the correct answer

1. You can move a window to a different position on your screen by dragging it by its

a. Move handle b. Tail c. Status bar d. Title bar

2. A bar that inform you the available options in your computer, opened applications,
background running applications and can be used to switch between applications quickly is

a. Menu bar b. Toolbar c. Status bar d. Taskbar

3. Which components appear in the initial windows startup display?

a. Dialog box b. Taskbar c. Start menu d. All of the above
4. Taskbar is used for
a. Navigation program b. switching between program c. Start a program d. All of the
above

Answer
1.A 2. D 3. B 4.D

14
 LO4-Organize basic directory / folder structure
Introduction and files

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics –

 Creating and naming Directories and subdirectories

 Identifying Attributes of directories
 Moving Subdirectories between directories
 Renaming Directories
 Accessing Directories and subdirectories

This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page,
specifically upon completion of this Learning Guide; you will be able to –

 Create and name directories and subdirectories

 identify attributes of directories
 Move subdirectories between directories
 Rename directories as required
 Accesses directories and subdirectories via different paths

15
Learning Activities

1 Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.

2. Read the information written in the “Information Sheet 1”.
3. Accomplish the “Self-check 1” in page 49.
4. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation, proceed to “Operation Sheet 1”. However,
if your rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for further instructions.
5. Read the “Operation Sheet 1” and try to understand the procedures discussed.
6. Submit your accomplished Self-check 1. This will form part of your training
portfolio.
7. Read the information written in the “Information Sheet 2”.
8. Accomplish the “Self-check 2” in page 56.
9. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation, proceed to LAP Test. However, if your
rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for further instructions.
10 Do the “LAP test” in page 57 (if you are ready) and show your output to your
teacher.

16
 Information Sheet 1 Creating and naming Directories and
subdirectories
Folders are a means of organizing your data so that you can organize your files later.
The folders on your computer are like folders in a filing cabinet. They allow you to place
data files into them for safe keeping and for easy and convenient access at another
time.
In Windows 7 you can actually have a hierarchy of folders. This hierarchy is based on a
structure of levels. A folder can contain other folders, which in turn can contain more
folders, and so on.
At the top of the hierarchy is usually the drive that contains all the subfolders, such as
Local Disk (C:).
If you want to access your data files, you will need to drill- down and through this
hierarchy until you find the location of the file you want to work with.

CREATING A NEW FOLDER

Folders are used to organize and store your files. You can create as many
folders as you need, and also create folders within folders, called
subfolders. It is recommended that you create folders in the My Documents
folder, as this folder is specifically designed for this purpose.
Folders created in Documents are automatically stored in the My
Documents folder.

Working With Folders and Directories

Selecting Files

If you wish to select a single file or folder you simply need to click on it. This way any
operation you perform will only apply to the selected file or folder.

If you wish to realize an operation on several files or folders, Windows Explorer will
allow you to select several elements at the same time.

17
 To select consecutive elements

Click on the first element and then click on the last element while keeping Shift key
pressed. This can also be done with the mouse. To do this, click on the left of the first
element (but not on it) and, without letting go, drag it. A frame should appear that shows
the area that the frame encompasses. Continue dragging until all the desired elements
are within the frame, then let go of the left mouse button..

To select several elements that are not consecutive

Select the first element and continue to select the desired elements while keeping the
Ctrl key pressed.

Creating and Deleting Folders

To CREATE a folder we need to place the pointer where we want the folder to be.
Open the folders that we have by clicking on the + located to the left of the folders.

If we click on the plus sign of a particular folder it will display and show all of the
folders contained in it and the plus sign will become a minus sign -; this will take care
of retracting the folders displayed, or hide the content of the folder selected.

Once we have the folder that we want open we will select it by clicking on the
appropriate folder.
Open the menu File, select the option New and then select the option Folder.

Now we can view on the bottom right window a new folder that has the name New
Folder. This is the name that Windows gives new folders by default. In the event that it
finds another folder with that same name, it will subsequently name the new folders
New Folder (1), New Folder (2), etc...
The name of the folder can be changed, but we will see how to do that later on.

If you look at the two images below, you can clearly see how Windows explorer
changes when a new folder is created.

This is the image that it

This is the image that shows after a new folder has
Windows explorer shows been created. The folder that
before creating a new is highlighted is the new
folder. folder that has just been
created within the folder
p_aulaClic

18
 To Delete a folder, first place the pointer on it.
Once the folder has been selected go to the Standard bar and click on or you
can use Delete.
When we delete a folder or file, by default Windows will move it to the Recycle
Bin. The settings can be changed so that it deletes it completely. We will talk
about this later on.

The Recycle Bin is nothing more than a space reserved on the hard disk so
that in case of having deleted any element it would be possible for us to
retrieve it.

Deleting Files

To delete a file we follow the same steps to delete a folder, but instead of
selecting a folder select the file you wish to delete.

Copying Files or Folders

19
Select the element to be copied.

Click on Copy and it will open a

dialog box titled Copy Items. If we
do not have this button on the tool
bar, we can go to the Edit menu and
select Copy to Folder... First select
the item to copy

Search for the folder to which we will

copy the selected element. It works
like Windows explorer. If we click on
the + that appears on the left, the
contents of the folder will be
displayed.

Once the folder has been selected,

click on Copy.

In the case of not having the folder

created to which we want to copy to,
click Make new folder, and write the
name of the new folder and Click
OK.

Moving Subdirectories between directories

Moving a file or folder means copying the element to the desired location and then
deleting its original location. The following steps are very similar.

Select the file or folder you want to move.

Click on , or Edit --> Move to Folder which will open a new window titled Move
Items.

Search for the folder where the elements are to be moved to.

Once the folder is selected, click Move.

In the case of not having the folder created to which we want to move the information
to, simply click Make New Folder.

20
Write the name of the new folder.

Click OK.

When moving or copying an item, its name can coincide with the name of a file or
folder that is in the destination folder. In this case Windows will ask if we want to
substitute the existing file or folder by the new one.

When folder is moved or copied, its entire content is also moved or copied.

Renaming directories

Select the file or folder that you want to change the name of

With the right mouse button click on it.

Select Rename from the shortcut menu, then the name of the file or folder will be
highlighted and with the pointer blinking inside the name box.

Write the new name.

Click Enter or click outside the file or folder so that the changes take place.

You can also do this with Rename option from File menu.

21
 Information Sheet 2 Identifying Attributes of directories

Files and Folders Properties

Both files and folders have their own characteristics, for example size, location,
date of creation, attributes, etc.

To know the characteristics of a particular file or folder we need to:

select it and choose Properties option from File menu,

or, click on it with the right mouse button ans select the option Properties from the
menu that is displayed.

A window with several tabs will appear. Depending on whether it is a folder or a

particular file, the tabs that appear will vary. For example, in the case of a folder
the following tabs will appear:

The tab labeled General contains information

on:

Type: Describes which type of element we

are dealing with. If it is a file it will also include
with which application it opens.

Location: Where it is kept.

Size: The size both in Megabytes and in

bytes; if it is a folder the size will be related to
the size of the files it contains.

Contains: If it is a folder it indicates the

number of files within it.

Created: The date in which the folder or file

was created.

Modified and Last Access: Characteristics of the files, modified saves the date
the file was last modified and last access the last time the file was opened
regardless of whether changes were made or not.

22
Attributes: These are the attributes that have been assigned to the file or folder.
The attribute Read-only allows to only read but not to edit. The attribute hidden
makes the file or folder invisible and the attribute modified will indicate if it has
been modified after its creation. The tab Sharing contains information on the
permission that is given to the other users of the network on our files and
folders.

The tab Customize allows changing the properties of the file or folder.

Showing hidden files or folders:

To see all hidden files ans folders you must:

Select the Tools menu and the option

Folder options....

Select the tab View.

On the window the option Show hidden

files and folders must be checked, if not
click on it.

Click OK.

You can also restore the

predetermined values by clicking on
Reset All folders.

If you want all the folders to have the

same appearance you click on Apply to
All folders.

23
 Self-Check 1 Written Test

Name:____________________ Date:_________________

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Illustrations may be necessary to
aid some explanations/answers. (2pts each)

1 On the properties option of a folder, this describes which type of element we are
dealing with. If it is a file it will also include with which application it opens

2 On the properties option of a folder, this describes where it is kept.

3 If it is a folder it indicates the number of files within it.

4 The date in which the folder or file was created.

5 These are characteristics that have been assigned to the file or folder.

Note: Satisfactory rating – 8 points above / Unsatisfactory - below 8 points.

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

24
 LAP Test Practical Demonstration

Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Time started: ________________________ Time finished: ________________

Instructions: You are required to perform the following individually with the presence
of your teacher.

 Demonstrate to your teacher how to show hidden files or folders on your

computer.

 Demonstrate to your teacher how to change the name of a file or folder.

 Demonstrate to your teacher how to rename a file or a folder

 Demonstrate to your teacher how to copy files to another folder and another
drive

 Demonstrate to your teacher how to delete a file and folder.

 Demonstrate to your teacher how to create a folder.

 Your teacher will evaluate your output either satisfactory or unsatisfactory. If

Unsatisfactory, your teacher shall advice you on additional work. But if

satisfactory, you can proceed to the next topic

25
 LO5 - Introduction Organize files for user and/or organization
requirements

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding
the

following content coverage and topics –

 Using system browser to search derives

 Accessing Most common types of files in the directories
 Selecting, opening and renaming Groups of files
 Moving Files between directories
 Copying Files to disks
 Restoring Deleted files
 Erasing and formatting Disks

This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover
page.

Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to –

 Use system browser to search drives for specific files

 Access most common types of files in the directories
 select, open and rename Groups of files
 move files between directories
 copy files to disks
 Restore deleted files.

Learning Activities

26
1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.

2. Read the information written in the “Information Sheet 1”.

3. Read the “Operation Sheet 1” and try to understand the procedures

discussed.

4. Read the “Operation Sheet 2” and try to understand the procedures discussed

5. Read the “Operation Sheet 3” and try to understand the procedures discussed

6. Do the “LAP test” in page 61 (if you are ready) and show your output to your
teacher.

*Your teacher will evaluate your output either satisfactory or unsatisfactory. If

unsatisfactory, your teacher shall advice you on additional work. But if satisfactory
you can proceed to the next topic

27
 Information Sheet 1 Using system browser to search derives

File Explorer is the file management application used by Windows operating

systems to browse folders and files. It provides a graphical interface for the user
to navigate and access the files stored in the computer. The main way to access
the File Explorer is by clicking the folder icon in the Taskbar.

Searching

Today's computers allow us to store a great deal of information. Because of this,

we suggest you keep your information well-classified and organized so that
finding it is an easy process.

Despite having the information well-classified, it can happen that sometimes we

cannot find a file or folder. When this occurs, we can resort to the Search
function provided by Windows to locate the file or folder quickly.

The search provided by Windows 7 also allows us to search for hardware, a

network, people in the directory, Internet pages, etc.

28
 Operation Sheet 1 File Organization

Arranging Folders

To arrange the files and folders

contained in a determined folder follow
these steps:

Place the cursor on the folder you wish

to arrange.

Display View menu and select the

option Arrange icons by.

When the menu is displayed, the

different ways you can arrange will
appear. Select the one you want, for
example by size.

Modify Windows behavior

By double-clicking on a folder, does another window open to show the content

of that folder? If this is the case it could turn out to be a bit annoying because
many windows will accumulate. Windows gives you the option to modify this
occurrence.

1) Select the option Folder Options... from the Tools menu.

2) On the tab labeled General. On the section Browse Folders check the option
Open each folders in the same window.

You can also modify the mouse to open a folder. It can be changed so that you
only need to click on it once instead of a double-click.

1) Select the option Folder Options... from the Tools menu.

2) On the tab labeled General. On the section Click items as follows you can
assign only one click or a double-click, as you prefer.

29
Searching

Drag the pointer to Charms bar

Select on the menu Search.

The general search page will be displayed as shown below.

Searching Files or Folders

By choosing All files and folders a screen will appear so that we can give more
information on what we are looking for.

In the first box we will put All or part of the file name that we are looking for,
and then windows will show us files or folders that contain the characters that we
have typed. The more detailed the name the more concise the search will be,
thus facilitating the search.

In the box A word or phrase in the file: we can type the text that the file we are
looking for should contain. It is not always convenient to use this box because
this significantly slows down the process as it looks for that word or phrase in
each file.

In the box Look in we can indicate in which unit we wish to look for the file or
folder.

Click Search to start the search. In the event that Windows does not find
anything, it will notify you in the window to the right with a message saying that
the search has ended and that there are no results to show.

30
While it is carrying out the search, we can stop the search by clicking Stop,
either because we have found what we were looking for or because we made a
mistake on the search.

With the questions that follow we have the possibility of searching by the date it
was last modified, size, and other advanced options, such as differentiating
between capital letters or lower case letters. The search results will appear on
the right side of the window.

The operations we carry out on the files or folders found by the search are the
same ones that we can do on any other file or folder. We can copy, delete,
change name, etc....

31
 Operation Sheet 2 The Recycle Bin

Get to know the Recycle Bin

The Recycle Bin is nothing more than a space on the hard disk reserved to store
information that is deleted so that in the event of deleting a file or folder by
mistake it is possible to retrieve it. By default the Recycle Bin restores files or
folders to the place from where they were deleted. If, for example, a file is
deleted from D:\my documents, when it is restored it will go to that folder.

The Recycle Bin will maintain the deleted documents until it is emptied.

To open the Recycle Bin place the cursor on Desktop and double-click on the

Recycle Bin icon.

The following window is the Recycle Bin window. It is possible that it will not look
the same as yours because it can be customized.

The Recycle Bin window is similar to the Windows , and they have similar
options in common, such as customizing the window, the views, etc...

In the Recycle Bin attributes such as the original location of the file or folder
before it was deleted will appear as well as the date and time when it was
deleted.

32
Restoring Files or Folders.

Restoring files or folders to their original location.

To restore all of the elements from the Recycle Bin click on the green arrow on
the left side that says Restore all items.

If we only want to restore some of the elements:

1) Select the elements to be restored by clicking on them. If the elements are

not in subsequent order, use the Ctrl key to select them or the Shift key if they
are one below the other.

2) Once selected, a dialog box will appear on the green arrow on the left that will
say Restore this item or Restore the selected items.

The selected files will return to where they were located before deletion.

If the right side of the Recycle Bin is not visible you can also restore from the File
menu by choosing the option Restore.

If you do not know where the files were before deletion, check before restoring
on the route that is shown on the column original location because that is where
it will save it.

Restoring Files or folders in a different location than their original location.

1) Select the elements to be restored.

2) Click on the elements with the right mouse button and the shortcut menu will
be displayed; select the option Cutor (ctrl+X).

3) Locate the folder where you want the files to be restored; and click Paste or
(ctrl+V).

Deleting Files or Folders from the

Recycle Bin

Before deleting any element from the Recycle Bin you need to realize that

33
once it is deleted it cannot be retrieved or restored.

If you want to delete any file or folder from the Recycle Bin follow these steps:

1) Select the Elements to be deleted..

2) Click on ; this will delete the selected elements. You can also do this by
pressing the Delete button.

The selected files will disappear and cannot be restored.

If a window appears asking if you are sure that you want to delete the selected
file or folder click Yes if you are sure you want it deleted.

Emptying the Recycle Bin

The elements that are deleted usually remain in the recycle bin and in time we
need to empty it to free space or because we do not want to have those
elements still there.

In order to do this, simply empty the Recycle Bin by clicking on the icon located
on the left labeled Empty the Recycle Bin.

A window will appear asking Confirm you want to delete these X elements?
where X is the number of elements currently in the Recycle Bin . Click Yes to
empty it.

You can also empty the Recycle Bin from the File menu and select Empty the
Recycle Bin .

There is an even quicker way. Simply right click on the Recycle Bin icon and
a menu with the option Empty the Recycle Bin. If you do it this way, you have
to be sure that you want to empty the Recycle Bin since you will not be able to
see what you are deleting.

34
 Operation Sheet 3 System Tools- Formatting flash

Formatting a disk

Before formatting a disk you need to take into

consideration that this process will delete all of the
stored information on the disk. This is a useful tool if
you want to delete all the content of a disk and at the
same time make sure it does not have a virus.

Steps to follow:

Open Windows Explorer or click on My Computer,

then select the unit you wish to format with the right
mouse button to display the shortcut menu.

Select the option Format, and a window like the one shown here will be
displayed.

Select Capacity of the disk; nowadays the majority are 1,44 Mb for Floppy.

In the File system for floppies you can only choose FAT. For hard disks you can
choose FAT, which is the most used system to date, or NTFS, which is newer
and has more restoration and error analysis capabilities.

35
Select Format options, quick format or create a an MS-DOS start up disk..

You can also label it: simply write the name where the Volume label appears.

Once the appropriate options have been selected click Start.

When you finish click Close.

Be careful not to format the system disk (C:) , unless you want to reinstall
everything.

Freeing disk space: This tool is very useful since it allows us to empty the disk
of information that we do not use, like temporary files, Internet files, or even files
in the Recycle Bin . To access this tool you will have to open the Start menu and
select All programs, next select Accessories and then System tools. Finally,
select Disk cleanup

Once the Disk Cleanup

window is opened select the
unit from which we want to
free space from. To do this
we drop down the list that
appears and select the
desired unit; next a window
will appear like the one
shown to the right.

On this window we select

the kinds of files that we
want to delete. It is
recommended to start by
deleting the temporal files
and the Recycle Bin , but we
need to be carefull when we
tell it to empty the Recycle
Bin since it will delete the
entire content of the Recycle
Bin and we will not be able to
retrieve those files.

To select a type of file check

the box next to the option or
options that we want done.
Then Click OK and the
process will begin.

36
 Practical Demonstration
LAP Test

Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Time started: ________________________ Time finished: ________________

Instructions: You are required to perform the following individually with the presence of
your teacher.

1. Demonstrate on how to modify windows behavior.

2. Demonstrate on how to search for the following: Files or Folders,

Hardware, People, and on the Internet.

3. Demonstrate on how to restore files or folders.

4. Demonstrate on how to delete files or folders from the recyle bin and
emptying the recycle bin.

5. Demonstrate on how to format a disk.

6. Freeing the disk space.

 Your teacher will evaluate your output either satisfactory or unsatisfactory.

If

37
 unsatisfactory, your teacher shall advice you on additional work. But if
satisfactory, you can proceed to the next topic

Accessing Most common types of files in the directories

A file system is a hierarchical structure (file tree) of files and directories. This type of
structure resembles an inverted tree with the roots at the top and the branches at the
bottom. This file tree uses directories to organize data and programs into groups,
allowing the management of many directories and files at one time.

Some tasks are performed more efficiently on a file system than on each directory within
the file system. For example, you can back up, move, or secure an entire file system.

The basic type of file system is called the Journaled File System (JFS). This file system
uses database journaling techniques to maintain its structural consistency. This prevents
damage to the file system when the system is halted abnormally.

Some of the most important system management tasks have to do with file systems,
specifically:

 Allocating space for file systems on logical volumes.

 Creating file systems.
 Making file system space available to system users.
 Monitoring file system space usage.
 Backing up file systems to guard against data loss if the system fails.
 Maintaining file systems in a consistent state.

Common places to look for files

If you're having a difficult time finding a file, there's a good chance you can find it in one
of the following places:

Downloads: By default, your computer will place downloaded files in a specific folder,
known as the Downloads folder. If you're having trouble finding a file you downloaded
from the Internet, such as a photo attached to an email message, this is the first
place you should look. To view the Downloads folder, open File Explorer, then locate
and select Downloads (below Favorites on the left side of the window). A list of your

38
recently downloaded files will appear.

Default folders: If you don't specify a location when saving a file, Windows will place
certain types of files into default folders. For example, if you're looking for a Microsoft
Word document, you could try looking in the Documents folder. If you're looking for a
photo, try looking in the Pictures folder. Most of these folders will be accessible on the
left side of the File Explorer window.

39
Recycle Bin: If you deleted a file by mistake, it may still be in the Recycle Bin. You can
double-click the Recycle Bin icon on the desktop to open it. If you find the file you need,
click and drag it back to the desktop or to a different folder.

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Searching for files

Let's say you recently downloaded a few photos that were attached to an email
message, but now you're not sure where these files are on your computer. If you're
struggling to find a file, you can always search for it. Searching allows you to look for any
file on your computer.

To search for a file (Windows 10):

In the Search Box next to the Start button, type to search for a file. The search results
will appear above the search box.

41
To search for a file (Windows 8):

Click the Start button to go to the Start screen, then start typing to search for a file. The
search results will appear on the right side of the screen. Simply click a file or folder to

42
open it.

To search for a file (Windows 7 and earlier):

Click the Start button, type the file name or keywords with your keyboard, and
press Enter. The search results will appear. Simply click a file or folder to open it.

43
Tips for finding files

If you're still having trouble finding the file you need, here are some additional tips.

Try different search terms. If you're using the search option, try using different terms in
your search. For example, if you're looking for a certain Microsoft Word document, try
searching for a few different file names you might have used when saving the document.

Open the last application used to edit the file. If you know you used a certain application
to edit a file, open that application and select File > Open > Recent from the menu. The
file may appear in the list of recently edited files.

44
Move and rename the file after finding it. Once you've located the file, you may want
to move it to a related folder so you can find it more easily in the future. For example, if
the file is a picture, you might move it to your Pictures folder. You may also want to give
it a file name that will be easy to remember. You can review our lesson on Working with
Files to learn more about managing files.

Selecting, opening and renaming Groups of files

Open the folder containing the files you want to rename. In the example below, the
folder contains 13 photo files with the names they were given by the camera they were
taken on.

Select all the files you wish to rename (use Shift or Ctrl to select multiple files). In this
case we'll select all the files.

45
Right-click on the first file in the list and select Rename from the context menu.

Type a new name for the file, followed by the number 1 in parentheses, then hit Enter. In
our case we'll call the file Pool (1).jpg.

46
The other files will automatically be given the same name with incremental numbers.

Notes

If you make a mistake, you can undo the renaming by selecting undo from
the edit menu, or by pressing Ctrl-Z.

The file name can be somewhat flexible, for example, the space before the parentheses
is optional and you can add more characters after the number.

If you need more control over the renaming process than is provided in Windows 7, you

47
may need to use a specialized batch renaming utility

Copying and moving files and folders

Windows 7 provides two basic methods for copying files and folders from one disk to
another or from one folder to another on the same disk:

 Drag and drop: You select items in one open Explorer window and then drag
them to another open Explorer window (on the same or different disk), where you
drop them into place.
 Cut and paste: You copy or cut selected items to the Windows Clipboard and
then paste them into another folder (on the same or different disk).

Using the drag-and-drop method

The technique of moving files and folders with the drag-and-drop method is really
straightforward:

1. Open two separate Explorer windows and arrange them on the Windows 7
desktop with as little overlap as possible: the first is the source Explorer window
that contains the item(s) you want to move, and the second is the destination
Explorer window where these items are to be moved.
Tip To eliminate all overlap between the source and destination Explorer window
and thereby make it easy to drag from one to the other, right-click the taskbar and
then choose either the Show Windows Side by Side option or the Show Windows
Stacked option from the shortcut menu that appears.
2. Select the item(s) you want to move in the first source Explorer window.
3. While continuing to hold down the mouse button, drag the folder/document icon
representing the selected items (and showing the number of items selected) to
the destination Explorer window.
4. Windows 7 displays a ScreenTip that says Move to such and such folder (where
such and such a folder is the actual name of the destination folder). When you've
positioned the icon somewhere within the destination Explorer window, release
the mouse button to drop the items there. They then appear in the destination
window in the order (usually alphabetical by filename) that that Explorer window
currently uses.

To copy files with the drag-and-drop method rather than move them, you only have to
vary these foregoing steps by remembering to hold down the Ctrl key as you drag the
selected items from the source Explorer window to the destination window. Windows 7
lets you know that you're copying rather than moving the selected items by displaying a
+ (plus) sign under the folder/document icon and displaying a Copy to such and such
folder ScreenTip when you reach a place in the destination folder where the items being

48
copied can be dropped.

Tip When moving or copying files using the drag-and-drop method, you don't even have
to bother opening the destination folder in its own window: Just drag the folder/document
icon representing the selected items from the source Explorer window to the destination
folder's icon and then drop it on this icon. Note that this drop-directly-on-the-destination-
icon method works on shortcuts of other drives (both local and on your network) as well
as shortcuts for folders and printers (to print the selected documents) on the Windows 7
desktop.
Remember Keep in mind that when you drag files or folders from one drive to another,
Windows 7 automatically copies the files and folders, instead of moving them. This
copying means that you don't have to hold down the Ctrl key when you intend to copy
them from one disk to another. It also means that you must still delete them from their
original disk after making the copies if you need to free up the disk space.
Warning Dragging and dropping items from folder to folder is great because it's really
fast. This method does have a major drawback, however: It's pretty easy to drop your file
icons into the wrong folder. If you forget to undo your last action (Ctrl+Z), instead of
panicking when you open what you thought was the destination folder and find that your
files aren't there, locate them by using the Search feature; see "Searching for files" later
in this part.

Restoring Deleted files

Open the Recycle Bin on the desktop and find your file. Right-click on it and select
Restore. Now your file will be in its original location with its original name.

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Erasing and formatting Disks

Windows 7, introduced many user-friendly features with its release. One of them was
revamping the method to format the hard drive on the go by adding the freshly minted
Disk Management utility. It allowed the user to create partitions and format the hard drive
with ease. Here in this section, we will discuss everything related to disk formatting on
Windows 7.

1. What Is Hard Drive Formatting?

Disk formatting permits the user to remove the used storage from the storage device
altogether and also helps in managing one or more new file systems. It can also be used
to check for faulty tracks or defective sectors within a hard drive.
Formatting is the process of setting up/preparing a storage device for first use, which
includes main on-disk structures initialization, partitioning (dividing disk space into
segments), and executing another file system's tasks.
Formatting can be done on almost every kind of storage device like a Hard disk drive,
USB flash drive, external hard drive, and an SSD. Before formatting any type of hard
drive, we recommend that you should form a backup of all the crucial files present inside
the storage device. The backup will allow you to open and use the data again after the
formatting is finished.

50
 2. Reasons for Formatting the Hard Drive:

There may be multiple factors behind formatting a storage drive, we will discuss some of
those reasons in this section of the article.

 Sluggish Speed: If your Hard Drive is old, then there is a chance that it has piled up a
stack of unwanted cache memory or temporary files. It is easy to remove such files,
but sometimes you can't seem to find them. This cluster of data can reduce the
performance of the system. The only feasible solution is to format the entire Hard
drive, which will release it from the burden of unnecessary files.
 Changing the File System: If you have decided to replace your computer or to switch
from Windows to macOS, then you need to change the file system of your drive
compatible with the Mac. To change the file system, formatting the disk is necessary.
 Clean the HDD from Unwanted Apps and Viruses: Windows PC is always prone to
unwanted Malware, which puts the data and your personal information at risk. If you
do not have anti-virus software on your computer, then you must format the entire
drive to get rid of your malware problem.

Types of Hard Drive Formatting For You to Choose:

There are two types of formatting procedure that the computer may ask you to choose,
which we will discuss briefly:

 Quick Format.
 Full Format.

Quick Format:

The quick formatting process is used to make the formatting process quick. This method
does not check the drive for bad sectors, so you must only opt for this method if your
purpose is just to clear some space in the HDD. The major disadvantage of this method
is that the data doesn't get completely wiped out so if your drive is still causing problems
after the quick format, then you should perform a full format scan on your hard drive.

51
Full Format:

A Full Format is recommended if you believe that your computer is infected with
malware and viruses. This method checks the hard drive for bad sectors, and it usually
takes longer to erase data than a quick format.
If your drive is misbehaving and performing sluggishly, then you must perform a full
format on your HDD. It is a better option to make sure no issues exist with the drive. You
can initiate the formatting process by simply unchecking the 'Quick Format' tab and then
clicking on Start.

How to Format a Hard Drive in Windows 7 by Disk Management?

The Disk Management utility:

The Disk Management Utility offers you the full management of the disk-based
hardware(HDD) recognized by Windows, which also includes an external storage
source. At the bottom end of Disk Management, you can see the graphical
representation of the physical drives installed in your computer. Disk Management is the
place that allows you to create and attach virtual hard disk files in Windows OS. You can
create single makes, which acts like a Hard Drive, which offers you to store data on
them from the primary hard drive or any other location like an external hard drive.
You can format your Hard disk drive with the help of Disk Management. The utility is an
inbuilt Windows tool that can be used to perform the following functions:

52
 It enables the user to view and manage the disk drives
 It also helps in formatting the hard drive and creating new partitions.
 It provides the feature for you to convert an empty MBR to a GPT disk, and vice
versa.
 Disk Utility also enables to extend and shrink partition.
 You can also change the disk volume's letter and paths with the help of this utility.

Precautions before formatting a Hard Drive:

If you are preparing to perform a reformat on your computer's hard drive, then you must
take necessary precautions before moving forward with the process. The formatting
method will erase absolutely everything on the disk if you don't make the right
arrangements. Here are the things that you must do before cleaning the hard drive.

 Save your photos and videos on an external hard drive or sync them with a cloud
storage service, like Google Drive or Dropbox.
 Write down the list of your computer's drivers and other third-party apps that you
might want to use again.
 Copy all of your browser settings.

How to Reformat a Hard Drive?

Reformatting is the method of erasing the used space of a disk drive or the entire
storage device. Such a scenario arises if you want to use a Mac-based disk with a
Windows computer, you would need to reformat it using a Windows-compatible file
system that would be the FAT32.
Here in this section, we will discuss the method to format and reformat a volume of the
hard drive through the disk management utility.

 Type "diskmgmt.msc" in the search box on the start menu.

 Click on Disk Management. The management window will open.
 Right-click the drive you want to format.
 Click on Format.

53
 Choose a file system. You can keep the rest as it is unless you have specific reasons
to change it.
 Check the 'Perform a Quick Format' tab, if you want to format the drive quickly,
otherwise keep the option unchecked.
 Click on OK.

After formatting a hard drive, you will find that the software program conflicts or glitches
that were causing problems on your PC will disappear, and the computer's performance
will improve significantly. You can perform this procedure on any kind of USB flash drive
and external hard drive.

How to Format a New Volume of the Hard Drive on Windows 7?

New volumes are created if you intend to create new partitions or change the size of
your volume. For example, if you have recently installed an SSD on your computer, then
you will find an unallocated storage space where the previous version of your Windows
OS was stored. You can create and format a new disk volume on a hard disk, with that
unallocated disk space on your computer's hard drive.
Please follow our guide to create a new volume by assigning it a new name and
formatting it.

 Open Disk Management.

 Right-click on unallocated space on your hard disk, which is located at the bottom of
the window with the black graphical representation.
 Click on New Simple Volume and click on Next.

54
 Check the format this volume with the following setting option and click on Next

 You will be asked to assign a letter to the newly created volume.

 Click on Finish and the drive will be formatted.

55
 LO6 – Introduction Print Information
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics –

 Adding Printers and ensuring correct printer setting

 changing Default printer
 printing Information

This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to –

 Add and ensure printers to have correct printer settings

 Change default printer
 Print information

Learning Activities

1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.

2. Read the “Operation Sheet 1” and try to understand the procedures discussed.
3. Read the “Operation Sheet 2” and try to understand the procedures discussed.
4. Read the “Operation Sheet 3” and try to understand the procedures discussed.
5. Read the “Operation Sheet 4” and try to understand the procedures discussed.
6. Do the “LAP test” in page 75(if you are ready) and show your output to your
teacher.

*Your teacher will evaluate your output either satisfactory or unsatisfactory. If

unsatisfactory, your teacher shall advice you on additional work. But if satisfactory
you can proceed to the next topic.

Operation Sheet 1 Configuring the Printer

56
A computer printer is a computer peripheral device that produces a hard copy
(permanent human-readable text and/or graphics, usually on paper) from data stored in
a computer connected to it A printer is used to print anything that you want, like pictures
or documents or data. Printers are awesome devices that plug in where there is a USB
slot, from there you can click print and the document is sent to the port where you
document is printed onto a piece of paper. You can print images, documents, cards, etc.

Installing a Printer

Open the Control Panel

Select the option view devise and Printers.

57
58
 Operation Sheet 2 The Print Manager
View and delete progress of print jobs as required

I have sent the four highlighted files to the printer. I did not want to print the second file so I
need to delete it. To delete it I need to:

Click on the Printer icon on the right side of the Task Bar.

Click on the filename I wish to delete in the dialog box.

Press the delete key.

59
Click on Yes to delete the print job. Click on No if you do not want to delete it.

The word Deleting will appear in the status column of the printer dialogue box. The filename will
disappear once it has been deleted.

If you are not quick enough the document may start print before you finish deleting it.

As a cautionary measure, Windows XP has the remote access to printers turned off,
as you can see on this image.

Nevertheless, a printer can be shared, thus allowing other people to use the printer as
well.

To do this click on Printer and select Properties.

After selecting Sharing tab we will see two options; as shown in this example, you can
launch the Network Setup Wizard, or you can share the printer without launching the
assistant taking into account the risks that this entails.

If you choose the assistant it will ask you the necessary questions to configure the
network, if you choose not to configure the network it will ask you the name that you
want to give the shared printer.

Operation Sheet 3 Printer Properties

Printer properties

Through the printer properties we can control the orientation of the paper, the number of
copies to be printed, etc. Next we will explain in detail all of the options.

This window can vary according to the type of printer that we have installed, but all of
them have more or less the same appearance and options.

60
In the General tab we have
the following:

In the sections Location and

Comment we can write a
brief description of the printer.

Next we can see the

characteristics of the printer
and on the bottom part we
have two buttons.

The Printing preferences...

buttom shows some windows
that will be shown next.

The second option allows you

to verify that the printer prints
correctly; to do this, simply
click Print test page.

After this, another dialog box

will appear asking if the test
page has printed correctly; in
the event the answer is no,
help will appear to try and
help you solve the problems.

On the screen Printing preferences click on the Setup tab, from where we can control
the following options:

61
Orientation. The orientation of the page can be portrait or landscape.

Print quality. This refers to the quality of the print, whether it is Best, normal, or
FastDraft

Paper Type. Choose among different paper qualities.

Paper Size. This refers to the size of the paper you are using on your printer.

These options, like all the rest, can vary with the model of the printer that we have
installed.

These images correspond to the properties of an HP psc 1200 series printer. The
properties of your printer can vary, but the basic options will be the same.

62
 Operation Sheet 4 Installing a Printer

lnstalling a printer:

To add a printer
open the Start
menu and select
the option
Printers and
fax.

Now, click on
Add printer and
a screen like
this one will
appear.

This is the first

screen of the
add printer
wizard.

As we have
already
mentioned, if
you have a
Plug&Play printer it will not be necessary to do this process. It will install automatically.

Click Next to begin installing the printer.

63
The first thing
that the
assistant will
ask is if the
printer is
plugged directly
to your
computer (local
printer) or if it is
on the web. If it
is local you can
check the box
Automatically
detect and
install my Plug
and Play
printer.

Click Next.

The assistant
searches for a
new printer.

Normally this
screen will
appear telling us
that it has not
found anything
new. As we
have already
explained, if the
program were
Plug Play the
system would
have detected it
before starting
the assistant,
once the
equipment were
connected.

Since we want to connect it manually we click Next.

64
On this screen
we have to
indicate the port
through which
we want to
connect the
printer.

The port is the

way for the
printer to
communicate
with the
operating
system.

Usually, if the
printer is
physically
connected to
the computer
with a
connection like the one shown, it is connected to the port LPT1.

Select the port and click Next.

65
 On this screen we have to
indicate from where we are going
to install the printer´s software,
also known as the programs. We
have three options; from the list,
Windows Update, and use disk. If
we have the disks from the
manufacturer, the first option that
we should try is Have disk...
because the programs that the
manufacturer has given should
be the appropriate ones. By
clicking this option the assistant
will ask us to introduce the CD
and the programs will download.

If we do not have the disks from the manufacturer we will need to find the manufacturer
and the appropriate model on the list that is on the screen.

66
Lastly, if the printer does
not appear on the list we
can use the button
Windows Update to find
the suitable program on the
Internet.

Once this process is

completed this screen will
appear to give the name of
the printer and to allow us
to decide if we want it to be
the predetermined printer.

If we have several printers

and something is to be
printed it will, by default, be
printed by the default
printer unless otherwise
directed.

Click on Next to continue

67
On this window we can have the printer print a test page.

If the test page is completed we can verify if the printer has been installed correctly.

Click on Next.

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On this screen we will select the model of hardware that we want to install, click on
Next, and if everything is progressing correctly, the finalize screen will appear, as shown
at the bottom of the page.

This is the
screen
that
indicates
that the
process
has
finalized; it
also
shows the
details of
the

instalation.

To exit the assitant click Finish.

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70