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 1

CHAPTER 8
8.1 Ideal gas law:

RT 0.082054(400)
v= = = 13.12864
p 2.5

van der Waals equation:

⎛ a ⎞
f (v) = ⎜ p + 2 ⎟(v − b) − RT
⎝ v ⎠
⎛ 14.09 ⎞
f (v) = ⎜ 2.5 + 2 ⎟(v − 0.0994) − 0.082054(400)
⎝ v ⎠

Any of the techniques in Chaps 5 or 6 can be used to determine the root as v = 12.7908 L/mol. The
Newton-Raphson method would be a good choice because (a) the equation is relatively simple to
differentiate and (b) the ideal gas law provides a good initial guess. The Newton-Raphson method can be
formulated as

⎛ a ⎞⎟
⎜p+ (vi − b) − RT
⎜ vi2 ⎟⎠
vi +1 = vi − ⎝
⎛ a ⎞⎟ 2a
⎜p+ − (vi − b) 3
⎜ vi2 ⎟⎠
⎝ vi

Using the ideal gas law for the initial guess results in an accurate root determination in a few iterations:

i xi f(xi) f'(xi) εa
0 13.12864 0.816601 2.419491
1 12.79113 0.000711 2.415221 2.6386%
2 12.79084 5.7E-10 2.415217 0.0023%
3 12.79084 0 2.415217 0.0000%

8.2 The function to be solved is

1 + R(1 − X Af ) R +1
f ( R ) = ln − =0
R (1 − X Af ) R[1 + R (1 − X Af )]

or substituting XAf = 0.96,

1 + 0.04 R R +1
f ( R) = ln − =0
R (0.04) R (1 + 0.04 R)

A plot of the function indicates a root at about R = 0.3

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 2

2
0
-2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-4
-6

Bisection with initial guesses of 0.01 and 1 can be used to determine a root of 0.28194 after 16
iterations with εa = 0.005%.

8.3 The function to be solved is

(4 + x)
f ( x) = − 0.016 = 0
(42 − 2 x) 2 ( 28 − x)

(a) A plot of the function indicates a root at about x = 16.

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2 0 5 10 15 20

(b) The shape of the function indicates that false position would be a poor choice (recall Fig. 5.14).
Bisection with initial guesses of 0 and 20 can be used to determine a root of 15.85938 after 8 iterations
with εa = 0.493%. Note that false position would have required 68 iterations to attain comparable
accuracy.

i xl xu xr f(xl) f(xr) f(xl)×f(xr) εa

1 0 20 10 -0.01592 -0.01439 0.000229 100.000%
2 10 20 15 -0.01439 -0.00585 8.42E-05 33.333%
3 15 20 17.5 -0.00585 0.025788 -0.00015 14.286%
4 15 17.5 16.25 -0.00585 0.003096 -1.8E-05 7.692%
5 15 16.25 15.625 -0.00585 -0.00228 1.33E-05 4.000%
6 15.625 16.25 15.9375 -0.00228 0.000123 -2.8E-07 1.961%
7 15.625 15.9375 15.78125 -0.00228 -0.00114 2.59E-06 0.990%
8 15.78125 15.9375 15.85938 -0.00114 -0.00052 5.98E-07 0.493%

8.4 The functions to be solved are

(c c ,0 + x1 + x 2 )
K1 =
(c a ,0 − 2 x1 − x 2 ) 2 (c b,0 − x1 )
(c c ,0 + x1 + x 2 )
K2 =
(c a ,0 − 2 x1 − x 2 )(c d ,0 − x 2 )

or

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 3

5 + x1 + x 2
f1 ( x1 , x 2 ) = − 4 × 10 −4
(50 − 2 x1 − x 2 ) 2 (20 − x1 )
(5 + x1 + x 2 )
f 2 ( x1 , x 2 ) = − 3.7 × 10 −2
(50 − 2 x1 − x 2 )(10 − x 2 )

Graphs can be generated by specifying values of x1 and solving for x2 using a numerical method like
bisection.

first equation second equation

x1 x2 x1 x2
0 8.6672 0 4.4167
1 6.8618 1 3.9187
2 5.0649 2 3.4010
3 3.2769 3 2.8630
4 1.4984 4 2.3038
5 -0.2700 5 1.7227

These values can then be plotted to yield

12
1st eq
8 2nd eq

0
0 1 2 3 4 5
-4

Therefore, the root seems to be at about x1 = 3.3 and x2 = 2.7. Employing these values as the initial
guesses for the two-variable Newton-Raphson method gives

f1(3.3, 2.7) = –2.36×10–6

f2(3.3, 2.7) = 2.33×10–5

∂f1 ∂f 2
= 9.9 × 10 −5 = 5.185 × 10 −3
∂x1 ∂x1
∂f1 ∂f 2
= 5.57 × 10 −5 = 9.35 × 10 −3
∂x 2 ∂x 2
J = 6.37 × 10 −7
− 2.36 × 10 −6 (9.35 × 10 −3 ) − 2.33 × 10 −5 (5.57 × 10 −5 )
x1 = 3.3 − = 3.3367
6.37 × 10 −7
2.33 × 10 −5 (9.9 × 10 −5 ) − (−2.36 × 10 −6 )(5.185 × 10 −3 )
x 2 = 2.7 − = 2.677
6.37 × 10 −7

The second iteration yields x1 = 3.3366 and x2 = 2.677, with a maximum approximate error of 0.003%.

8.5 The function to be solved is

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 4

x 7
f ( x) = − 0.04 = 0
1− x 2+ x

A plot of the function indicates a root at about x = 0.02.

0.1

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06
-0.1

Because the function is so linear, false position is a good choice. Using initial guesses of 0.01 and 0.03,
the first iteration is

0.017432(0.01 − 0.03)
x r = 0.03 − = 0.020964
− 0.02115 − 0.017432

After 3 iterations, the result is 0.021041 with εa = 0.003%.

8.6 The function to be solved is

( )
f (t ) = 12 1 − e −0.04t + 5e −0.04t − 10.2 = 0

A plot of the function indicates a root at about t = 55.

2

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
-2

-4

-6

Bisection with initial guesses of 0 and 60 can be used to determine a root of 53.711 after 16 iterations
with εa = 0.002%.

8.7 Using the given values, a = 12.5578 and b = 0.0018626. Therefore, the roots problem to be solved is

0.518(233) 12.5578
f (v ) = − − 65,000
(v − 0.0018626) v(v + 0.0018626) 233

A plot indicates a root at about 0.0028.

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 5

800000
400000
0
-4000000.001 0.002 0.003 0.004

-800000
-1200000

Using initial guesses of 0.002 and 0.004, bisection can be employed to determine the root as 0.002807
after 12 iterations with εa = 0.017%. The mass of methane contained in the tank can be computed as
3/0.00275 = 1068.6 kg.

8.8 Using the given values, the roots problem to be solved is

⎡ ⎛ 2−h⎞ 2⎤
f (h) = ⎢4 cos −1 ⎜ ⎟ − ( 2 − h) 4h − h ⎥ 5 − 8 = 0
⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎦

A plot indicates a root at about 0.8.

60
40
20
0
-20 0 1 2 3 4

A numerical method can be used to determine that the root is 0.74002.

8.9 Using the given values, the roots problem to be solved is

πh 2 (3 − h)
f ( h) = − 0.75 = 0
3

A plot indicates a root at about 0.45.

4
2
0
-2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

A numerical method can be used to determine that the root is 0.43112.

8.10 The best way to approach this problem is to use the graphical method displayed in Fig. 6.3. For the
first version, we plot

h 3 + 0.7162
y1 = h and y2 =
3

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 6

versus the range of h. Note that for the sphere, h ranges from 0 to 2r. As displayed below, this version
will always converge.

2.5
y1
2

1.5
y2
1

0.5

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2

For the second version, we plot

y1 = h and y 2 = 3 3h 2 − 0.7162

versus the range of h. As displayed below, this version is not convergent.

3
y2
2
y1
1

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
-1

8.11 Substituting the parameter values yields

ε3 1− ε
10 = 150 + 1.75
1− ε 1000

This can be rearranged and expressed as a roots problem

ε3
f (ε ) = 0.15(1 − ε ) + 1.75 − 10 =0
1− ε

A plot of the function suggests a root at about 0.46.

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 7

4
2
0
-2 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

-4

But suppose that we do not have a plot. How do we come up with a good initial guess? The void
fraction (the fraction of the volume that is not solid; i.e. consists of voids) varies between 0 and 1. As
can be seen, a value of 1 (which is physically unrealistic) causes a division by zero. Therefore, two
physically-based initial guesses can be chosen as 0 and 0.99. Note that the zero is not physically
realistic either, but since it does not cause any mathematical difficulties, it is OK. Applying bisection
yields a result of ε = 0.461857 in 15 iterations with an absolute approximate relative error of
6.54×10−3%.

8.12 (a) The Reynolds number can be computed as

ρVD 1.23(40)0.005
Re = = = 13743
μ 1.79 × 10 −5

In order to find f, we must determine the root of the function g(f)

⎛ 0.0000015 2.51 ⎞⎟ 1
g ( f ) = −2.0 log⎜ + − =0
⎜ 3.7(0.005) 13743 f ⎟ f
⎝ ⎠

As mentioned in the problem a good initial guess can be obtained from the Blasius formula

0.316
f = = 0.029185
13743 0.25

Using this guess, a root of 0.028968 can be obtained with an approach like the modified secant
method. This result can then be used to compute the pressure drop as

0.2(1.23)(40) 2
Δp = 0.028968 = 1140.17 Pa
2(0.005)

(b) For the rougher steel pipe, we must determine the root of

⎛ 0.000045 2.51 ⎞⎟ 1
g ( f ) = −2.0 log⎜ + − =0
⎜ 3.7(0.005) 13743 f ⎟ f
⎝ ⎠

Using the same initial guess as in (a), a root of 0.04076 can be obtained. This result can then be used to
compute the pressure drop as

0.2(1.23)(40) 2
Δp = 0.04076 = 1604.25 Pa
2(0.005)

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 8

Thus, as would be expected, the pressure drop is higher for the rougher pipe.

8.13 The integral can be evaluated as

Cout 1 1 ⎡ ⎛ C out ⎞ ⎤
∫
K
− + dC = − ⎢ K ln⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + C out − C in ⎥
Cin k max C k max k max ⎢⎣ ⎝ C in ⎠ ⎥⎦

Therefore, the problem amounts to finding the root of

V 1 ⎡ ⎛ C out ⎞ ⎤
f (C out ) = + ⎢ K ln⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + C out − C in ⎥
F k max ⎣⎢ ⎝ C in ⎠ ⎦⎥

Excel solver can be used to find the root:

8.14 The function to be solved is

250 P
f ( P / A) = −
1 + 0.4 / cos[25 ( P / A) / 200,000 ] A

A plot of the function indicates a root at about P/A = 163.

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 9

200

100

0
0 50 100 150 200 250
-100

A numerical method can be used to determine that the root is 163.4429.

8.15 (a) This problem can be solved by determining the root of

(
f ( x) = 10 − 20 e −0.15 x − e −0.5 x − 5 = 0)
A plot of the function indicates a root at about x = 1 km.

6
4
2
0
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10
-4

Bisection can be used to determine the root. Here are the first few iterations:

i xl xu xr f(xl) f(xr) f(xl)×f(xr) εa

1 0 5 2.5 5 -3.01569 -15.0784
2 0 2.5 1.25 5 -0.87535 -4.37677 100.00%
3 0 1.25 0.625 5 1.422105 7.110527 100.00%
4 0.625 1.25 0.9375 1.422105 0.139379 0.198212 33.33%
5 0.9375 1.25 1.09375 0.139379 -0.39867 -0.05557 14.29%

After 10 iterations, the root is determined as x = 0.971679688 with an approximate error of 0.5%.

(b) The location of the minimum can be determined by differentiating the original function to yield

f ' ( x) = −0.15e −0.15 x + 0.5e −0.5 x = 0

The root of this function can be determined as x = 3.44 km. The value of the minimum concentration
can then be computed as

(
c = 10 − 20 e −0.15(3.44) − e −0.5(3.44) = 1.6433)
8.16 (a) This problem can be solved by determining the root of

f (t ) = 75e −1.5t + 20e −0.075t − 15 = 0

A plot of the function indicates a root at about t = 4.

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 10

100
80
60
40
20
0
-20 0 2 4 6 8 10

The Newton-Raphson method can be formulated as

75e −1.5ti + 20e −0.075ti − 15

t i +1 = t i −
− 112.5e −1.5ti − 1.5e −0.075ti

Using the initial guess of t = 6, an accurate root determination can be obtained in a few iterations:

i xi f(xi) f'(xi) εa
0 6 -2.23818 -0.97033
1 3.693371 0.455519 -1.57879 62.45%
2 3.981896 0.02752 -1.39927 7.25%
3 4.001563 9.84E-05 -1.3893 0.49%

The result can be checked by substituting it back into the original equation to yield a prediction close
to 15:

c = 75e −1.5( 4.001563) + 20e −0.075( 4.001563) = 15.0001

8.17 The function to be solved is

TA ⎛ 600 ⎞ T
f (T A ) = cosh⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + 6 − A − 15
12 ⎝ TA ⎠ 12

A plot of the function indicates a root at about TA = 1700.

150

100

50

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
-50

A numerical method can be used to determine that the root is 1684.365.

8.18 This problem can be solved by determining the root of the derivative of the elastic curve

dy
dx
=0=
w0
120 EIL
(
− 5 x 4 + 6 L2 x 2 − L4 )
Therefore, after substituting the parameter values, we must determine the root of

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 11

f ( x) = −5 x 4 + 2,160,000 x 2 − 1.296 × 1011 = 0

A plot of the function indicates a root at about x = 270.

2E+11
1E+11
0
-1E+11 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
-2E+11

Bisection can be used to determine the root. Here are the first few iterations:

i xl xu xr f(xl) f(xr) f(xl)×f(xr) εa

1 0 500 250 -1.3E+11 -1.4E+10 1.83E+21
2 250 500 375 -1.4E+10 7.53E+10 -1.1E+21 33.33%
3 250 375 312.5 -1.4E+10 3.37E+10 -4.8E+20 20.00%
4 250 312.5 281.25 -1.4E+10 9.97E+09 -1.4E+20 11.11%
5 250 281.25 265.625 -1.4E+10 -2.1E+09 2.95E+19 5.88%

After 20 iterations, the root is determined as x = 268.328. This value can be substituted into Eq.
(P8.18) to compute the maximum deflection as

2.5
y= (−(268.328) 5 + 720,000(268.328) 3 − 1.296 × 1011 (268.328)) = −0.51519
120(50,000)30,000(600)

8.19 (a) The function to be solved is

f (t ) = 9e −0.7t cos(4t ) − 3.5

A plot of the function indicates a root at about t = 0.25

10
5
0
-5 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

-10

(b) The Newton-Raphson method can be set up as

9e −0.7ti cos(4t i ) − 3.5

t i +1 = t i −
− 36e −0.7ti sin( 4t i ) − 6.3 cos(4t i )e −0.7ti

Using an initial guess of 0.3,

i t f(t) f'(t) εa
0 0.3 -0.85651 -29.0483
1 0.270514 -0.00335 -28.7496 10.899824%
2 0.270398 -1.2E-07 -28.7476 0.043136%
3 0.270398 0 -28.7476 0.000002%

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 12

(c) The secant method can be implemented with initial guesses of 0.3,

i ti – 1 f(ti – 1) ti f(ti) εa
0 0.2 1.951189 0.4 -3.69862
1 0.4 -3.69862 0.269071 0.038125 48.66%
2 0.269071 0.038125 0.270407 -0.00026 0.49%
3 0.270407 -0.00026 0.270398 1.07E-07 0.0034%

8.20 Two solutions are immediately apparent. We can either solve for the H in the numerator

(Qn) 3 / 5 ( B + 2 H ) 2 / 5
H=
BS 3 / 10

or the denominator

1 ⎡ S 3 / 4 ( BH )5 / 2 ⎤
H= ⎢ 3/ 2
− B⎥
2 ⎣⎢ (Qn) ⎦⎥

Physical reasoning can be helpful in choosing between these alternatives. For most rivers and streams,
the width is much greater than the depth. Thus, the quantity B + 2H should not vary much. In fact, it should
be roughly equal to B. In comparison, BH is directly proportional to H. Consequently, the first alternative
should home in more rapidly on the root. This can be verified by substituting the brackets of H = 0 and 10
into both equations. For the first equation, the results are 0.6834 and 0.9012, which are both close to the
true value of 0.7023. In contrast, the results for the second alternative are −10 and 8,178, which clearly are
distant from the root. The superiority of the first version is further supported by component plots:

As in (a), the g(H) component for the first version is almost flat. Thus, it will not only converge, but
should do so rapidly. In contrast, as in (b), the g(H) component for the second version is almost vertical,
connoting strong and rapid divergence.

8.21 The solution can be formulated as

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⎛ 2πx ⎞ ⎛ 2π (12)48 ⎞ −x
0.5 = sin ⎜ ⎟ cos⎜ ⎟+e
⎝ 16 ⎠ ⎝ 16 ⎠

or

⎛π ⎞
f ( x) = sin ⎜ x ⎟ + e − x − 0.4
⎝8 ⎠

A plot of this function suggests a root at about 7:

1
0.5
0
-0.5 0 5 10 15
-1
-1.5
-2

A numerical method can be used to determine that the root is 6.954732.

8.22 The solution can be formulated as

i (1 + i ) 6
f (i ) = 25,000 − 5,500
(1 + i ) 6 − 1

A plot of this function suggests a root at about 0.086:

500

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
-500

-1000

-1500

A numerical method can be used to determine that the root is 0.085595.

8.23 (a) The solution can be formulated as

(
f (t ) = 1.2 75,000e −0.045t + 100,000 − ) 300,000
1 + 29e −0.08t

A plot of this function suggests a root at about 40:

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may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the
publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their
individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
 14

300000
200000
100000
0
-100000 0 20 40 60 80 100

-200000

(b) The false-position method can be implemented with the results summarized as

i tl tu f(tl) f(tu) tr f(tr) f(tl)×f(tr) εa

1 0 100.0000 200000 -176110 53.1760 -84245 -1.685E+10
2 0 53.1760 200000 -84245 37.4156 14442.8 2.889E+09 42.123%
3 37.4156 53.1760 14443 -84245 39.7221 -763.628 -1.103E+07 5.807%
4 37.4156 39.7221 14443 -763.628 39.6063 3.545288 5.120E+04 0.292%
5 39.6063 39.7221 4 -763.628 39.6068 0.000486 1.724E-03 0.001%

(c) The modified secant method (with δ = 0.01) can be implemented with the results summarized as

i ti f(ti) δti ti+δti f(ti+δti) f′(ti) εa

0 50 -66444.8 0.50000 50.5 -69357.6 -5825.72
1 38.5946 6692.132 0.38595 38.98053 4143.604 -6603.33 29.552%
2 39.6080 -8.14342 0.39608 40.00411 -2632.32 -6625.36 2.559%
3 39.6068 -0.00345 0.39607 40.00287 -2624.09 -6625.35 0.003%

For both parts (b) and (c), the root is determined to be t = 39.6068. At this time, the ratio of the
suburban to the urban population is 135,142.5/112,618.7 = 1.2.

8.24 First, we can generate a plot of the function:

50

0
0 2 4 6 8 10
-50

-100

Thus, a zero value occurs at approximately x = 2.8. A numerical solution can be developed in a number
of ways. Using MATLAB, we would first formulate an M-file for the shear function as:

function f = V(x)
f=20*(sing(x,0,1)-sing(x,5,1))-15*sing(x,8,0)-57;

In addition, the singularity function can be set up as

function s = sing(x, a, n)
if x > a
s = (x - a) ^ n;
else
s = 0;
end

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may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the
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 15

We can then either design our own M-file or use MATLAB’s built-in capabilities like the fzero
function. A session using the fzero function would yield a root of 2.85 as shown here,

>> x=fzero(@V,5)
x =
2.8500

8.25 First, we can generate a plot of the moment function:

150
100
50
0
-50 0 2 4 6 8 10

-100

Thus, a zero value occurs at approximately x = 5.8. A numerical solution can be developed in a number
of ways. Using MATLAB, we would first formulate an M-file for the moment function as:

function f = Mx(x)
f=-10*(sing(x,0,2)-sing(x,5,2))+15*sing(x,8,1)+150*sing(x,7,0)+57*x;

In addition, the singularity function can be set up as

function s = sing(x, a, n)
if x > a
s = (x - a) ^ n;
else
s = 0;
end

We can then either design our own M-file implementing one of the numerical methods in the book or
use MATLAB’s built-in capabilities like the fzero function. A session using the fzero function
would yield a root of 5.814 as shown here,

>> x=fzero(@Mx,5)
x =
5.8140

8.26 First, we can generate a plot of the slope function:

200
100
0
-100 0 2 4 6 8 10
-200
-300

Thus, a zero value occurs at approximately x = 3.9. A numerical solution can be developed in a number
of ways. Using MATLAB, we would first formulate an M-file for the slope function as:

function f = duydx(x)
f=-10/3*(sing(x,0,3)-sing(x,5,3))+7.5*sing(x,8,2)+150*sing(x,7,1)+57/2*x^2-238.25;

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may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the
publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their
individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
Random documents with unrelated
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roused until four in the afternoon, when he would have breakfast and chat
with me until it was time to go to the House. On seeing the newspaper cable
from America about his sister I thought it better to wake him and tell him of
it, lest he should read it while I was away with my aunt. I knew that Fanny
Parnell was his favourite sister, and he had told me that she was the cleverest
and most beautiful woman in his family. This I knew was high praise, as
Willie had met Mrs. Thomson—another of Parnell's sisters—and had told
me that she was the most strikingly beautiful woman he had ever met.

I woke him and told him of his sister's death as gently as I could, but he
was terribly shocked, and I could not leave him at all that day. For a time he
utterly broke down, but presently a cable arrived for him—sent on from
London—saying that his sister's body was to be embalmed and brought to
Ireland, and his horror and indignation were extreme. He immediately wrote
out a message for me to cable from London on his behalf, absolutely
forbidding the embalmment of his sister's body, and saying that she was to
be buried in America.

The idea of death was at all times very painful to him, but that anyone
should be embalmed and taken from one place to another after death was to
him unspeakably awful. For this, amongst other reasons, I could not bear to
have him taken to Ireland—to Glasnevin Cemetery—after his death. My
desire was to have him near me and, as he would have wished, to have taken
care of his grave myself. But I gave way to the longing of the Ireland he had
lived for, and to the clamour of those who had helped to kill him. How they
dealt with him alive is history now, but how they dealt with him in death is
not so well known; and I give an extract from the message of a friend, who
had gone to see his grave a few short years after his death: "Your husband's
grave is the most desolate and neglected spot in the whole cemetery, and I
grieve to tell you of the painful impression it made upon me."

I then sent over a servant, with some flowers, and his report was even
worse. Fragments of glass from the broken artificial wreaths, placed there
years before; trampled, neglected grass, and little of that but weeds; and the
bare untidy backings and wires of the wreaths I had been sending for the
greeting of so many days marked only in the calendar of our love.
 Poor Ireland—a child in her asking, a child in her receiving, and so much
a child in her forgetting.

When Mr. Parnell first came to Eltham he told me that he had had, since
his boyhood at school, a habit of sleep-walking whenever he was at all run
down in health. When he was in America he used to lock the door of his
room and put the key into a box with a spring lock that he had bought for the
purpose. He feared he might wander about the hotel in his sleep. Also he
warned me, when he first came, that he was subject to "night terrors," very
much as a highly strung child is, and in these he would spring up panic-
stricken out of deep sleep, and, without fully awaking, try to beat off the
imaginary foe that pressed upon him. It was a species of nightmare; not
apparently excited by any particular cause other than general want of tone.
After a few years of careful dieting I succeeded in freeing him of these
painful and most wearing attacks.

When the attacks came on I went into his room and held him until he
became fully conscious, for I feared that he would hurt himself. They were
followed by a profuse perspiration and deep sleep of several hours. He was
terribly worried about these nightmares, but I assured him that it was only
indigestion in a peculiar form. "You really think so?" he would reply, and
when I told him that they would pass off with careful dieting he was
reassured, and he followed my directions so implicitly as to diet that he soon
proved me right.

He became very much run down again after his sister's death, but
recovered perfectly, and had no recurrence of these attacks until some years
after, when he suffered from a nervous breakdown brought on by overwork.
Sir Henry Thompson treated him then, and he quickly recovered.

Soon after I met Mr. Parnell I sent to Worcester for some white roses in
pots to keep in my hothouse in order to provide my exigeant lover with
buttonholes. He loved white roses, he told me, and would not be content
with any other flower from me; nor would he wear a rose from my garden,
as he said anyone could have those who asked me for them. So I had to keep
a constantly blooming company of white roses in my conservatory to
provide a buttonhole of ceremony on his speech days, or on other occasions
when I wished him to look particularly well. Sometimes we would drive out
miles into the country. Keston Common was a favourite resort of ours, and,
as we rarely took a servant with us, we would either put up the horse I drove
(Dictator, given to me by Mr. Parnell) at some inn, or tie him to a tree while
we wandered about or sat under the trees talking.

He would do his best to learn the names of the wild flowers he picked for
me—with uncomfortably short stalks!—but, beyond being at last able to
name a dandelion or buttercup at sight, he did not shine in any branch of
botany. "What did you call this fine plant?" he would ask with a glimmer of
fun in his eyes. "It is not a plant you have, but a single flower branch, and it
is called a king-cup—picked much too short!" I would answer severely, and
he laughed as he tumbled his trophies into my lap and insisted that the ferns
ruthlessly dug and cut out with his pocket-knife would grow all right, in
spite of their denuded roots, if I "made them do it, in the greenhouse!"

When it was too wet to go out, or if he was not well, he used to amuse
himself at home in my sitting-room practising shooting with an air-gun. He
used a lighted candle for target, and became so expert in putting out the light
this way that it became too troublesome to light the candle so often, and we
substituted other targets.

Sometimes he would go to the farther end of my aunt's park, where there

was a pond basin, dried up long before, and many happy hours were spent
there, shooting in turn, with his revolvers.

I remember on one Sunday afternoon my aunt's bailiff came down,

having heard revolver shots, though the sound was deadened by the high
banks. The bailiff was much perturbed by our Sunday sport, chiefly because
it was Sunday. He did not dare press his opinion upon me, as he knew my
position in my aunt's household was impregnable, but he had always been
jealous of my coming to Eltham, where he had served her for over forty
years, and he was now so plainly antagonistic that Mr. Parnell, who did not
particularly wish his presence with me talked about, rose to the occasion
with the tact he could exert when he considered it worth while.

"Oh, is that you, Mr. ——?" rising from an absorbed examination of his
last bull's-eye. "Mrs. O'Shea was telling me when we started this match of
your being such a good shot with a gun. Do have a shot with my revolver;
see here, I've got a bull's-eye five times running against Mrs. O'Shea's one.
Now let us see what you can do."

Mr. —— hesitated; he was a fine shot and had won prizes in his youth,
and was susceptible to flattery.

Mr. Parnell said dryly: "I don't suppose you have had so much practice as
I lately, but—" The bailiff turned a wary eye on his wife, who was waiting
for him at the gate of a rookery some way off, and Mr. Parnell smiled as he
said: "The lady will not see you," in such a gently sarcastic manner that Mr.
—— was nettled, and picking up the revolver shot so wildly that he missed
the little target altogether.

I said: "Mr. —— can shoot, really, Mr. Parnell, as I told you, but he is
nervous!" So Mr. —— went on, making shot after shot with varying success
till Mrs. —— appeared on the scene dressed in her best and Sunday virtue,
which was resplendent in Eltham. She gazed with pain upon Mr. ——, who,
to appear at ease, entered into a discussion of revolver patterns with Mr.
Parnell. I talked cheerfully to her for a few moments, and introduced Mr.
Parnell, which gratified her immensely, and the two went off happy, but so
conscious of the enormity of having given countenance to such desecration
of the Sabbath, in Sunday shooting, that we knew we were safe from their
perhaps inconvenient chatter.

Mr. Parnell was always interested in cricket, and I had a private pitch laid
out for him at Eltham in a two-acre field. As a young man he had been an
enthusiast, and the captain of his eleven. He never went to matches,
however, after he entered Parliament.

He talked to me much about Avondale. He loved the place, and was never
tired of planning the alterations and improvements he meant to make in the
old house when we could marry. He often went over to Ireland expressly to
see how things were going there, but after 1880 he could never stay even a
few days there in peace. The after-effects of the awful famine, in such
terrible cases of poverty and woe as were brought to his notice the moment
he arrived in his old home, made it impossible for him to remain there at all.
No one man could deal charitably with all these poor people and live, and as
time went on Mr. Parnell's visits became necessarily shorter, for the demands
were so many, and the poverty so great, that he could not carry the burden
and continue the political life necessary to their alleviation. He told me that
he despaired of ever having a penny in his pocket when he took me there, as
he always hoped to do.

He was very fond of the old woman he kept at Avondale in charge of the
house, and who attended to his few needs when he was there; and whenever
he went there he would get me to go to Fortnum and Mason's to buy a pound
of their 4s. a pound tea for the old dame, who much appreciated this
delicious tea, though she of course stewed it into poison before drinking it.

This old servant of his had the most curious ideas on "first aid to the
injured," and when on one occasion Mr. Parnell had his hand crushed in
some machinery at his Arklow quarries, she dressed the injured fingers with
cobwebs from the cellar walls. To my astonishment he asked for cobwebs at
Eltham once, when he had cut his finger, to "wrap it in." My children, with
delighted interest, produced cobwebs (and spiders) from the cellar, and I had
the greatest difficulty in preventing a "cure" so likely to produce blood-
poisoning. He accepted the peasant lore of Ireland with the simplicity of a
child, and I still remember his doubtful "Is that so?" when I told him it was
most dangerous to put anything so dusty as a cobweb on an open wound.
"Susan Gaffney said cobwebs would stop the poison. They all do it,"
meaning the peasants.

On August 16th, 1882, he was presented with the freedom of the City of
Dublin. He wished to avoid a public demonstration, but the Corporation
insisted on making the most of the occasion.

MORRISON'S HOTEL, DUBLIN,

Saturday, August 20, 1882.

MY OWN QUEENIE,—Your two letters have given me the greatest

pleasure, and I am so much obliged to Wifie for the trouble she has taken
about the request I made to her.

The two D.'s[1] have quarrelled with, me because I won't allow any
further expenditure by the ladies and because I have made arrangements
to make the payments myself for the future. They were in hopes of
 creating a party against me in the country by distributing the funds
amongst their own creatures and are proportionately disappointed.

I hope to have everything settled by Tuesday evening so as to enable

me to leave town then, and after a week in the country propose to return
to Wifie.

YOUR OWN HUSBAND.

In October, 1882, was founded the National League, which was to fill the
gap caused by the suppression of the Land League. A Convention had been
called for the 17th of the month.

October 10, 1882.

MY OWN QUEENIE,—I hope to be able to start for London on

Thursday evening.

The doctor says it was an attack of dysenterical diarrhoea, but not of a

severe character, and very little fever. It is now quite over. He says my
stomach must have been getting out of order for some time.

I hope Wifie has been taking good care of herself, and that she has not
been alarmed.

Her husband will go right back to her, and will not return to Avondale
for the shooting.

With ever so much love, my own Queenie,

YOUR LOVING HUSBAND.

Friday evening, October 14, 1882.

My OWN DARLING WIFIE,—I have been so longing to be with you

during all these dreary hours, still more dreary as they have been made by
the knowledge that Wifie has been unhappy and anxious all the time. Her
letters came to me quite safely and were a great pleasure, and I want
some more. On Tuesday or Wednesday, I forget which, I left my room for
the first time and caught a slight cold, which threw me back somewhat,
 but I have more than regained my lost ground to-day, and am to leave my
room again to-morrow, and if I don't over-eat myself or catch cold again,
shall go on all right.

The Conference will most probably last two days, but I hope to be able
to leave on Wednesday, or at latest on Thursday evening, to be with my
Queenie until the end of the Session.

Do please write me a nice letter, my darling.

YOUR OWN HUSBAND.

October 17.

MY DEAREST WIFIE,—I have arrived all right, and got through the
first day of the Convention successfully.

You will be glad to hear that the telegrams which I missed were of no
importance, and I received them this morning unopened, as well as yours
also unopened.

With best love to my own Katie.

The Convention duly met, Parnell presiding, and the National League
was formed, with Home Rule and peasant proprietorship as the two main
articles of its creed.

Sunday.

MY OWN DARLING WIFIE,—I have been so delighted to receive

both your letters quite safely; you have no idea how much I long for a
letter or a wire from you, and how frightened and nervous I feel when, as
sometimes happens, a whole day goes by without any news.

I was very much afraid that my little wife would not have approved of
all my speech, and so much relieved to find that you did not scold me.
 Has anything been done about the monument yet? I hope there will not
be any hitch.

Am trying to get together a meeting of directors in Dublin for next

Saturday, which I can take on my way back to you, and which I trust may
afford the desired relief. I have been doing a good deal of healthy and
necessary work since my arrival here, out riding or driving in the open air
all day long. I ride a horse called Tory, a splendid thoroughbred of my
sister's, though he has now seen his best days. He goes just like an india-
rubber ball. I have been very successful in that part of the business which
I came over for that I have been able to attend to thus far; having already
discovered several quarries on my own land, much nearer to the railway
station than the one we are working on, and for which we have to pay a
heavy royalty. I have every confidence that one and all of them will be
found suitable upon trial. Kerr is rather a duffer about anything except
book-keeping. He ought to have found these out for himself long since, as
I gave him the clue when leaving here last September.

My brother-in-law's funeral takes place to-morrow. I am going in a

closed carriage, and shall be careful not to expose myself or stand about
in the churchyard.

I am certain of being able to finish up everything here so as to leave

Ireland on Saturday or Sunday at the latest, and shall soon have my only
and best treasure in my arms again.

YOUR LOVING KING AND HUSBAND.

I shall be in Dublin on Tuesday evening, and shall sleep at Morrison's

that night, returning here next day.

From these quarries at Arklow Parnell supplied the Dublin Corporation

with "setts" for many of the streets in Dublin. These setts (granite, pavement
kerbing) were not turned out quickly enough by his men at first, so he tried
the experiment of giving the men a share in the profits, and this he found
answered well in keeping the supply up to the demand of the corporation.

Some of the polished granite work turned out by his men was beautiful,
and a heavy granite garden vase and a Celtic cross appeared in the London
(Irish) Exhibition and also in the Cork Exhibition.
 1882-83 was a very anxious time for me, and the nervous tension caused
by the agitation in the political world and the continual threatenings of
violence, intrigue, and physical force, made privately to Parnell, against him
and others, was so great that, by the end of '83, if I had not had my lover's
health to care for I should myself have broken down altogether. As it was,
there were days when the slightest sound or movement was an agony to me
in the throes of neuralgia brought on by the overstrain of the nerves. But for
his sake I concealed my misery of pain as well as I could, and in so doing
won back a measure of health for myself, which would perhaps have been
lost to me had I been able to give way to my "nerves."

During this time I attended the sittings of the House as often as I was
able, going up to town as soon as I could leave my aunt for the night, so that
I might hear Parnell if he spoke, and in any case drive home with him. We
always drove home in a hansom cab, as we both loved the cool of the night
or of the early morning air.

During these anxious days I did not let Parnell have one-half of the
threatening and other worrying letters he received. He brought me his letters
and parcels from the House, and from a London address he had, to be sorted
out. I gave him those for his secretary's answering, any personal ones I
thought he would wish to see, and just as many "threats" as I thought would
make him a little careful of himself for my sake. The bulk of the "warnings,"
threats of murder, and invitations to murder I kept to myself, fearing that he
would worry himself on my account and object to my continual "shadowing"
of him, which I considered his chief protection. He always carried a revolver
in his pocket during this time, and insisted on my being similarly provided
when I drove home with him at night.
 These precautions may appear fantastic in these later sober times, but
they were very necessary during that time of lawlessness and unrest in
Ireland, when the prophecy made by Parnell to me ere he finally decided to
leave Kilmainham on the Treaty had become fact: "If I turn to the
Government I turn away from them—and then?"

The force of his personality was carrying him through the seething of the
baffled hatred he would not use, but not without a danger so real and so
acute that many a time I was tempted to throw his honour to the winds and
implore from the Government the protection he would have died rather than
ask for himself. But I held on to the end till the sheer force of his dauntless
courage and proud will broke down the secret intrigue of spleen that, held
by him back from England's governance, would have revenged itself upon
the holding hand, had it dared.

There was a lonely part of the road between London and Eltham after
going through Lee, over a common where, to the right, was a deep ditch,
and, beyond, the land of (the late) Mr. Blenkiorn, breeder of racehorses.
There were no houses near in those days, and on moonlight nights we could
see a long way on each side of a rather desolate bit of country. The moon
which gave light also gave shadows, and more than once from some way
off we saw the shadow of a man running behind the hedge on the way we
had to pass. I always took the side of the hansom near the park, as I thought
it would conceal to some degree the fact of Parnell's being there. I knew,
too, that the fact of my being a woman was still some little protection, but I
took the precaution of telling the driver to drive quickly and not stop for
anyone at any lonely point in the road. Once, to my horror, when we were
nearly over the common, I saw a man rise from the ditch and the glint of
steel in the moonlight. The man driving saw it, too, and, with a lurch that
threw us forward in the cab, he lashed his horse into a gallop. I could just
see that the man threw up his arms as he staggered backwards into the ditch
and a shot rang out; but nothing dreadful had happened after all. The man
had obviously slipped as he sprang up the bank, and, in throwing up his
arms to recover his balance, his pistol had gone off—for neither of ours had
been discharged. So this exciting drive had no more serious consequences
than the rather heavy price of the cabman's putting up in the village till day
brought him renewed confidence in the safety of the London road.

Sometimes after a late sitting Parnell and I would get some coffee at the
early coffee stalls for workmen on the way from London. In the early
morning half-light, when the day was just beginning to break, we loved to
watch drowsy London rubbing the sleep from her eyes, hastening her
labouring sons upon their way to ease the later waking of their luxurious
brothers. Parnell was always interested in manual labourers; he loved to
watch them at work, and he liked to talk to them of their work and of their
homes. A man with a hammer or a pick-axe was almost an irresistible
attraction to him, and he would often get me to stand and watch the men
engaged on a road or harbour work.

About this time (it was in 1883) Mr. (afterwards Sir) Howard Vincent,
head of the Detective Department of Scotland Yard, sent a note to the House
of Commons asking Parnell to see him for a few minutes, as he had an
important communication to make to him. Parnell was just going to speak,
so he brought me the note up to the Ladies' Gallery, and, hastily putting it
into my hand, said: "See to this for me."

It was a morning sitting, and I hurried off to Scotland Yard hoping to get
back in time to hear Parnell speak, and yet anxious to hear what the note
meant. I was shown into Sir Howard Vincent's private room directly I
arrived, and he expressed great pleasure, as well as great surprise, at seeing
me. I showed him his note to Parnell, and asked him to what it referred. He
answered that the "officials" all considered the matter serious, and that the
Government were prepared to give Mr. Parnell protection if he wished it.

I told him that Mr. Parnell would, I was sure, not like that at all, and,
after a long conversation of no particular definiteness, Sir Howard said: "I
do not think you believe in this particular threat against Mr. Parnell, do you,
Mrs. O'Shea?"

I replied: "Well, it does seem rather like a hoax to me. Would you mind
letting me see the 'letter of warning'?" He laughed and said: "Not at all, but
I've torn it up and flung it into the waste-paper basket."
 I promptly picked up the basket in question and turned it over on his
table, saying: "Let us piece it together." He pretended to help me for a few
moments, as I neatly put together various uninteresting documents, and
then, with a deprecating smile, swept them all together, saying: "It is your
game, Mrs. O'Shea; you are too clever. Why didn't you send Mr. Parnell
round?" and we parted with laughing expressions of goodwill and
amusement on his part that we had not been taken in.

The Government, of course, were bent on forcing "police protection" on

Parnell as a convenience to themselves and a means of ascertaining the
extent of his influence over the Invincibles. The Government did not trust
Parnell, and they wished to frighten him into care of himself and thus
weaken the trust of the Irish in him.

One evening in 1882 or 1883, when Parnell and I were waiting at

Brighton station to catch the train to London, we noticed that there was
much crowding round the book-stall placards and much excitement among
buyers of newspapers. Parnell did not wish to be recognized, as he was
supposed at that time to be in Ireland; but, hearing Gladstone's name
mentioned by a passer-by, our curiosity got the better of our caution and we
went to get a paper. Parnell, being so tall a man, could see over the heads of
the crowd, and, reading the placard, turned back without getting a paper to
tell me that the excitement was over the report of "the assassination of Mr.
Parnell." I then asked him to get into the train so that we should run no risk
of his being known, and managed to get through the crowd to buy a paper
myself. How the report arose we never knew, but at that time, when every
post brought Parnell some threat of violence and my nerves were jarred and
tense with daily fear for him, it took all my fortitude to answer his smile
and joke at the unfounded report which left me sick and shaken.

[1] Dillon and Davitt.

 CHAPTER XXI
A WINTER OF MEMORIES
"Feeling is deep and still, and the word that floats on the surface
Is as the tossing buoy, that betrays where the anchor is hidden."
—
LONGFELLOW.

Mr. Forster made his notorious attack upon Mr. Parnell in February,
1883, accusing him of encouraging and conniving at murder, outrage, and
treachery. On his return home Parnell showed, as he would not deign to
show in the House, a fierce joy in the false move of his enemies and the
scorn and contempt of the lack of control which could lead a politician of
Forster's experience into such a faux pas as this personal attack on him.
Here, then, he had what he wanted; in this attack was the repudiation of
those charges, made by the "extremists" in Ireland and America, of
pandering to the Government—made by them ever since he left
Kilmainham on the Treaty—here was another cord to bind the Nationalist
forces together without in any way repudiating that Treaty. Here was a fresh
weapon given into his hand by an ex-Government official who could not
govern his personal spleen by political intelligence.

"No," he said to me, when I asked him if he did not mean to answer
Forster at all, "I shall not answer. I shall let him hang himself with his own
rope."

But the Party would not have this, and urged him so strongly that he did
—not answer—but show his contempt of the whole thing and of the English
politicians who had played their hand so badly. He said to me before he
started for the House: "By the judgment of the Irish people only do I, and
will I, stand or fall," and this he repeated in the House.

The astonishment of the House was unbounded. It had been prepared for
anything but this scornful repudiation of the right of the English to judge
him—for a downright denial of the charges made, for a skilful fencing with
the arguments. The speech of Parnell was a challenge to war. Impassive as
ever, betraying no slightest sign of emotion, he tore up the accusations and
threw them scornfully in the face of his accuser.[1]

Some time afterwards, in an interview I had with him, Mr. Gladstone

referred to this declaration of Parnell's—that he would stand or fall only by
the judgment of the Irish people.

He said: "You know Mr. Parnell's inmost feelings better than others;
does this truly represent his mind, Mrs. O'Shea?"

I answered, as I could truly do: "Yes, Mr. Gladstone, that is his only and
absolute ideal. I may say Ireland's is the only voice he regards as having any
authority over him in the whole world."

"Yet Mr. Parnell is so much an Englishman in his coldness and reserve?"

"He is a paradox, Mr. Gladstone, the enigma of genius herself, a volcano

capped with snow. Englishman himself, at least he is descended from
Englishmen, he hates England and the English and does not understand
them; he loves Ireland and her people through and through, understands
them absolutely, and is in nature as apart and aloof from the Irish nature as
you are yourself."

The hard, flint-like eyes softened a little in the eagle face as the G.O.M.
answered with a little sigh: "I have much sympathy with his ambitions for
Ireland, Mrs. O'Shea. His is a curious personality; you are right, I think—
yes, a paradox indeed, but a wonderful man!"

At the end of June, 1883, Parnell went over to conduct Mr. Healy's
election at Monaghan (an Ulster stronghold), for which division he was
returned a month after he had quitted Richmond Prison.

He immediately afterwards (on July 4) attended the Cork banquet given

in his honour. He wrote the following letter to me to allay the fears I had
expressed in regard to certain political actions which he here repudiates and
which had reached my ears from other sources:—
 MORRISON'S HOTEL, DUBLIN,
Tuesday night.

When I received your note I at once determined to go over to you to-

morrow morning and to give up my engagement to speak at the Cork
banquet to-morrow night, as I knew my own was very much troubled
about something, and felt sure that I could comfort and reassure her. I
have since been besieged the whole evening by entreaties and threats not
to throw over Cork, and it has been represented to me, and with truth,
that half the result of the Monaghan victory will be lost if I leave Cork to
the Whigs and my enemies. I have been very much perplexed and
dragged in different ways, but have at this hour (2 a.m.) made up my
mind to ask my own Wifie to suspend her judgment for another twenty-
four hours about whatever is tormenting her, to place some little
confidence in her husband's honour and fidelity for that short time, and
to believe that he now swears to her, and that he will repeat the same
oath to her on Thursday evening, that whatever statement has been made
about him which is calculated to lower him in his wife's opinion in the
slightest degree is a foul lie.

I feel that I can ask this of my own Wifie, and that she will not
withdraw her confidence and love from her own husband until he can
return and defend himself.

I shall leave for Cork by to-morrow morning's train at nine o'clock,

speak at banquet, and return by night mail the same day to Dublin, and
be in time to leave Dublin by mail train for London on Thursday
morning. Let me know at Palace Chambers where I shall see you on
Thursday evening.

Trust your husband, and do not credit any slander of him.

AVONDALE, RATHDRUM,
2 a.m., July 4, 1883.

MY DEAR MRS. O'SHEA,—I seize a vacant moment to write you a

few words, as it does not look as if Irish affairs would permit me to see
you for some time longer. Perhaps even a week or ten days may pass by
 before I can see Eltham again. I also wish you to forward enclosed to
Captain O'Shea, as I have not got his address.

I have had several conversations with Fr. White, who is a very

superior man, and has impressed me very much.

I intend to make it my first business to look up West Clare, and trust

that Captain O'Shea may be able to meet me there.—With best regards,
yours always sincerely,

C. S. PARNELL.

MORRISON'S HOTEL, DUBLIN,

Tuesday.

MY DEAREST WIFIE,—Your letters received, and always give me

the greatest happiness to read.

Please continue writing. I will make arrangements to have them kept

out of sight here.

Shall see him[2] Wednesday evening or Thursday morning, and do

what I can. I fear his position in Clare is irretrievable.—With best love,
YOUR HUSBAND.

AVONDALE,
Sunday.

MY DEAR MRS. O'SHEA,—Will you kindly direct, enclose, and

post enclosed.

Many thanks for your letter, also for two from Captain O'Shea, which
I will reply to shortly.—Believe me, in haste, yours very truly, CHAS. S.
PARNELL.

Just before Christmas in 1883 I took a furnished house in Brighton for

three months for my children. I had arranged to go into a house in Second
Avenue, which both Parnell and I liked, but Willie came down and insisted
on my taking one facing the sea in Medina Terrace; so I (with difficulty) got
out of my former agreement, and certainly the house Willie chose was very
much pleasanter, owing to its close proximity to the sea.

Willie undertook to stay here to be with the children while I went back to
my aunt (coming myself to Brighton for one or two days in the week).

Willie asked Parnell to come and stay. He did so, and Willie and he
discussed the Local Government Bill at all hours, as Parnell wished to find
out what the views of Mr. Chamberlain and the Tories were—better
ascertainable by Willie than others.

I went back to my aunt for Christmas Eve. It was bitterly cold, and as the
old lady never cared for festivities, she was soon glad to shut herself up in
her warm house and "forget in slumber the foolish junketings I permit in my
domestics, my love."

There was snow that Christmas, very deep at Eltham; and Parnell, who
had joined me there, walked round the snowy paths of my aunt's place with
me in the moonlight. Now and then he moved with me into the shadow of
the trees as a few lads and men, with the inevitable cornet and trombone of
a village "band," plunged through the drifts on their short cut to the old
house. There they sang Christmas carols to their hearts' content, knowing
they were earning their yearly bonus, to be presented with a polite message
of her "distaste" for carol singing by "Mrs. Ben's" (as she was affectionately
called in the village) man-servant the next morning.

Parnell and I enjoyed that pacing up and down the wide terrace in the
snowy moonlight. The snow had drifted up against the old urns and the
long, low balustrade that divided the north and south lawns; and the great
shadows of the beech trees looked unfamiliar and mysterious—pierced here
and there, where the blanket covering of snow had dropped off, by the cold
glitter of moonlight on the whiteness.

Right away to the south lay the "Chase," leading away to Chislehurst,
wide, cold, and lonely in the moonlight, and I told Parnell that the cloud
shadows that flitted over the glistening whiteness were the phantoms of the
hunters of King John's time, who used to hunt over this ground, renewing
their sport in the moonlight.

Parnell loved to hear these little imaginations, and I loved to tell them to
him for the sake of seeing the grave smile come, and of hearing the naïve
"Is that so?" of his appreciation.

We walked up and down in the moonlight till the carols died away, and
we heard the church clocks strike twelve. Then we stood together to listen
to the Christmas bells sound clear and sharp from many villages on the
frosty air, while Parnell again spoke to me of his belief that the soul after
death resumed life in the planet under whose influence it was born. He
spoke of his belief in a personal destiny and fate, against which it was
useless for mortals to contend or fight, and how he believed that certain
souls had to meet and become one, till in death the second planet life parted
them until the sheer longing for one another brought them together again in
after ages.[3]

I said, "But it seems so lonely like that!" and he answered, "It is lonely;
that is why I am so afraid always of death, and why I hope with every bit of
me that we shall die together."

The next day I went to Brighton to see the children for Christmas, and in
the New Year Willie went to Ireland, returning to Brighton to stay with the
children for a short time before they came home in February and he went to
Lisbon.

The following telegrams and letters show the development of affairs

during the course of this year:—

(Telegrams.)
Feb. 29, 1884.

(Handed in at the House of Commons Office.)

From PARNELL.
 To MRS. O'SHEA, ELTHAM, KENT.

Thanks. Happy to accept your invitation to dinner this evening for

seven o'clock.

May 30, 1884.

From PARNELL, AVONDALE.

To MRS. O'SHEA, ELTHAM.

Captain and I arrived safely.

(Willie went to stay at Avondale for a couple of days.—K. P.)

May 31, 1884.

(Rathdrum Office.)

From PARNELL.

To MRS. O'SHEA, ELTHAM.

Captain leaves here to-morrow (Sunday) morning, and leaves

Kingstown to-morrow evening.

DUBLIN,
Sept. 10.

Willie is looking very well indeed, in fact much better than I have
ever seen him before.

I hope soon to be through pressing business here and in country, and

to be able to leave on Saturday.—Yours, C. S. P.

Friday, Oct. 28, 1884.

 MY DEAR MRS. O'SHEA,—I shall be at Dover for a few days
longer, and afterwards propose visiting the Netherlands and returning
through Paris. If I thought that Captain O'Shea would soon be in England
I should wait for him, but if not should take my chance of meeting him
in Paris on my return.

My stay in the Netherlands will not exceed three days, but I shall
remain in Paris for at least a similar period. I say "the Netherlands"
because I don't yet know whether I shall have to go to Holland or
Belgium or both. Kindly let me have a line or wire to former address.—
Always yours,

CHAS. S. PARNELL.

I was ill at the time the following letters were written, and Captain
O'Shea was coming to Eltham a good deal.

ELTHAM, 1884.

Should have come sooner, but could not get away. There was an
explosion of a bomb at the Home Office just before I left; it blew down a
large piece of the front wall and did a great deal of damage, they say.

I will not go near the hotel to-night if I see a crowd there, and will
leave early in the morning and come down here to breakfast.

ELTHAM,
Friday, 4 p.m.

I came down here late last night and was immensely relieved to hear
that you were better.

I slept very comfortably here last night, and had an excellent

breakfast this morning, which Phyllis brought me.

Am now going up to London to settle the report of Labourers'

Committee, which had not time to attend to yesterday, and hope to be
back about eleven o'clock.—Yours, C. S. P.

ELTHAM.

Do you think I had best wait here or go up to London and wait for a
telegram from you?

We finished our committee yesterday, so if he[4] goes early I could

return perhaps early enough to see you this evening for a few minutes.

I felt very much relieved by your letter last night. However, it is

evident you must take great care.

If you think I had best not wait, will you telegraph? Otherwise see me
later, when I will wait.—Yours.

ELTHAM.

Many thanks for kind note.

I am going to London now, and hope to return reasonably early, as the

debate is not likely to last long. I do not feel the cold at all.

There ought to be no difficulty in my seeing you to-morrow, and I

will manage it.

I do not like your having a headache, and you must really take care of
yourself and not get up too soon.—Yours always.

I am obliged to go up early to attend Labourers' Committee, which

meets at eleven to-day to consider its final report.

Please send me telegram to House if you can, as I ought to be able to

return early this evening.

Phyllis is looking after me first rate.—Yours.

 Parnell was always unselfish and most considerate when I was ill, and
once when I was very weak after an illness of some duration he returned
home to Eltham in broad daylight in a hansom cab, triumphantly supporting
one end of a large couch, the other end of which spread its upholstered
length over the roof. This invalid's chair he with the help of my maids,
arranged in my sitting-room, adjusting its complicated "rests" with earnest
abstraction, after which he led the procession up to my room, and in spite of
my amused protests carried me down and placed me on the couch amid
cushions and shawls, and spent a happy evening in "watching me" as I lay
comfortably on my new possession.

In 1884 we ran down to Hastings for a few days in the middle of the
Session, when my aunt's old friend came to stay with her and gave me
freedom. Parnell delighted in these sudden "run-away" visits to the sea
when the House was in full swing of business, and said they braced and
freshened him up more than anything else could do. We stayed at the
Queen's Hotel, and Parnell revelled in the sudden freedom from politics—
casting all thought and care from him as we walked by the sea and gave
ourselves up to the enjoyment of the fresh salt air.

He was hugely pleased, on going into a shop in Robertson Street for

notepaper, to find some embossed with the monogram "K.P." in blue and
gold. He declared it was a good omen, and bought me more boxes of it than
I could use for many years. He also bought me a little red diary, after long
and earnest efforts in selection. Red he did not like much, as he said it was
the sanguinary hue of English oppression; but diaries can apparently only
be bound in red, green, or purple, and purple was the colour of sorrow, and
green the most painful expression of all ill-luck!

This diary was to make up to me for my natural indignation at, nearly,

his first act on returning to me from some absence. He had gone over to the
fire and caught sight of my diary, bound in green, that I had inadvertently
left on the mantelpiece. With an exclamation of horror he had thrown it
straight into the fire, holding me back from the rescue I struggled to
attempt, and only replying to my indignant protests that he was sorry if the
contents were really so valuable as I said, but anything between green
covers was better burnt!
 In these short visits to the seaside we always looked about for a house
that Parnell could buy later on, but as he always kept a regretful eye upon
Brighton, where it was inexpedient that we should be seen much together,
we never really settled on one for purchase, though he rented one in
Eastbourne with that idea, only to discover that a brother of his was living
there. When we had a few hours to spare we had very happy times hunting
round Sussex in the neighbourhood of Brighton (Brighton air did him so
much good), hoping to find a suitable country house, but the train service
was always a difficulty, except in the town itself.

[1] "The time will come," said Parnell in this speech, "when this House
and the people of this country will admit that they have been deceived,
and that they have been cheered by those who ought to be ashamed of
themselves, that they have been led astray as to the right mode of
governing a noble, a brave, a generous and an impulsive people."

[2] Captain O'Shea.

[3] On the day of Parnell's death, October 6, 1891, a new planet was
discovered.

[4] Captain O'Shea.

CHAPTER XXII
HORSES AND DOGS
"Amid all the forms of life that surround us, not one, excepting the dog,
has made an alliance with us."—MAURICE MAETERLINCK.

In 1885 I had a new room built on to my house at Eltham, adjoining my

sitting-room and leading into the greenhouse, and thence to the garden.
Parnell and I took the greatest interest in the building of this room; he
superintended every detail, saw that the cement was laid to the proper depth
under the flooring, and sent to Avondale for sufficient sweet-chestnut wood
to have the room panelled half-way up and to make beautiful, heavy
double-doors, window settings and the mantelpiece and fittings. It was a
very comfortable and warm room when finished, and, to celebrate its
completion—it was to be Parnell's own study and workroom—I
photographed him in it, sitting in his own special easy chair, surrounded by
his assaying paraphernalia and holding his pestle and mortar. This
photograph was published years ago without permission or
acknowledgment by one or other of two persons to whom I had given it,
after my husband's death, as a very private and special memento of him. It
hurt me much when I first knew of it—but people do these things.

Early in 1885 Parnell bought a new horse in Ireland which he arranged

to bring to England, and subsequently brought others over. The two letters
which follow refer to these matters, and were written to me in case the
horses should be noticed arriving in Eltham and the fact reported to Captain
O'Shea.

AVONDALE,
January 14, 1885.

MY OWN QUEENIE,—A word to say that your promised letter has

not yet reached me, and I suppose it may turn up to-morrow. The parcel
came safely to Dublin, and the hamper here. Mary and I unpacked it with
fear and trembling, lest there should have been no tea and sugar, as I had
forgotten to say anything to you about them; but they were all right.

The new horse is very quiet and a very fine one; strong and short legs,
with plenty of bone, a splendid fore-quarter, and a good turn of speed. I
suppose I may bring him back with me. The telegram I sent you on Day
of Convention was found late at night posted in a letter box, and was
returned to bearer, who never said anything to me about it, otherwise you
would have heard result about six o'clock.—With best love to my little
wife, YOUR KING.
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