FINAL EXAMINATION

SUBJECT: PSYCHOLOGY
CLASS: XI
Session: 2024-25

Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions
 All questions are compulsory except where internal choice has been given.
 Question Nos. 1 -15 in Section A carry 1 mark each.
 Question Nos. 16-21 in Section B are Very Short Answer Type-I questions carrying 2 marks
each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
 Question Nos. 22-24 in Section C are Short Answer Questions Type-II carrying 3 marks each.
Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
 Question Nos. 25 - 28 in Section D are Long Answer Type I questions carrying 4 marks each.
Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
 Question No. 29-30 in Section E is a Long Answer Type II question carrying 6 marks. Answer to
this question should not exceed 200 words.
 Question Nos. 31-34 in Section F are based on two cases given.

Section-A
Q1. Little Bitto is fascinated by the puppy playing on the floor nearby and does not take his eyes
off him. However, when the puppy passes behind Bitto, he makes no attempt to turn around
toward him. Bitto:
(a) Has a visual problem (b) Is not yet in the sensorimotor stage (1)
(c) Is mentally disabled (d) Lacks object permanence

Q2. A baby throws up his hands and bends his neck backwards, gets startled whenever he hears a
loud sound. Which reflex action is he demonstrating:
(a) Moro reflex (b) Babinski reflex. (1)
(c) Grasp reflex (d) Rooting reflex

Q3. Tarun looks at a car engine and, after examining the fully assembled engine, attempts to
figure out how the spark plugs work. Tarun is using_________________ (1)
(a) Top-down processing (b) Bottom-up processing
(c) Perceptual Set (d) Cocktail party phenomenon

Q4. Last year, Mishika took Political course. And this semester, she is taking Psychology.
Unfortunately, she is having difficulty remembering some of the psychological terms because
they were defined differently in her political course, and she gets them mixed up. Mishika’s
difficulty in learning the psychological terms is most likely due to_____________________.
(a) Retroactive Interference (b) Proactive Interference (1)
(c) Forgetting (d) Interference

Q5. Naturalistic observation can be conducted in_____________ (1)

(a)Hospitals (b)Home surroundings
(c)School (d)All of the above

Q6. Anuj has conducted a research for knowing whether “amount of study time is related to
student’s academic achievement”. This is an example of which research method? (1)
(a)Experimental (b)Correlational
(c)Survey (d)Observational

Q7. Two people born in different generations, one during the time of World War I and another in
the post-World War era, would have varying experiences that would influence their
development. Which principle of life span perspective is this pointing at? (1)
(a) Development is plastic (b) Development is multidirectional
(c) Development is influenced by historical events. (d) Development is lifelong.

Q8. The ‘Aha!’ or ‘I have found it’ stage of creativity is called ___________________
(a) Incubation (b) Illumination (1)
(c) Verification (d) Preparation

Q9. When a child turns one he/she can speak one word which is then gradually moved on to one
or more words that are combined to form whole sentences or phrases. These are known as
______________.
(a) Echolalia (b) Telegraphic speech (1)
(c) Babbling (d) Holophrases

Q10. In the Bobo Doll Studies, Bandura demonstrated that: (1)

(a) Aggressive children will imitate aggressive behavior.
(b) Children who are non-aggressive will not imitate aggressive behavior.
(c) Children will imitate aggressive behavior only if its reinforced with candy.
(d) Children will imitate aggressive behavior that they have observed in adults.

OR
Q10. A mother convinces her child to drink milk if he wants to be strong and powerful, like his
favorite superhero, which is this phenomenon at work here.
(a) Secondary reinforcement (b) Positive reinforcement
(c) Negative reinforcement (d) Primary reinforcement

Q11. Rohan a 13- year-old boy ran away from his home when he failed in his exams for the third
time. He knew he couldn’t tell anyone about it. Because, if his parents get to know, they would
take strict action against him. He thinks he is worthless, as he always scores lesser grades than
his brother. While running away, he broke the door of his house and stole money from his
mom’s purse. Rohan is showing ______________ behavior, which is very common in
adolescence.
(a) Substance Abuse (b) Identity crisis (1)
(c) Delinquency (d) Egocentrism

Q12. Railway tracks appear to converge as the distance increases. This is an example of
________. (1)
(a) Aerial Perspective (b) Motion Parallax
(c) Linear perspective (d) Interposition

Q13. If we think that a hammer is used only to hit the nails on the walls and nothing else. What
is the problem called? (1)
(a)Functional Fixedness (b)Mental Set
(c)Analogy (d)Lack of thought and creativity

Q14. Harlow’s monkey studies demonstrated which of the following? (1)

(a) Babies were raised in isolation developed into normal adults
(b) Babies prefer reward over ‘contact comfort’.
(c) Babies prefer contact comfort over food.
(d) All the above.

Q15. Assertion: Responses that lead organisms to get rid of painful stimuli or avoid an escape
from them provide negative reinforcement. (1)
Reason: One learns to put on woolen clothes, burn firewood and use electric heaters to avoid the
unpleasant cold weather because it gives negative reinforcement. Choose the correct response.
(a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c)A is true but R is false.
(d)A is false but R is true.
 Section B

Q16. What are the two building blocks of thinking. (2)

Q17. Explain motivational cycle with the help of a diagram. (2)

Q18. What are the two types of correlations between two variables. (2)

Q19. Briefly describe how eating disorders could be a major cause of concern in adolescence. (2)

Q20. During Diwali, the sequential flashing of hundreds of lights creates the illusion of apparent
motion. What is this known as? Describe this phenomenon. (2)

Q21. What is Psychology? (2)

Section-C

Q22. Describe the patterns of proximodistal and cephalocaudal development that takes place in
the physical development, as the child progresses from infancy to childhood stage. (3)

Q23. Rajpriya is going to study relationship between poverty and unemployment in her locality
after the pandemic. She decided to use experiment method for it, define experimental method
and explained different type of variables? (3)
OR
Q23. “I feel lazy and fatigued if I eat more.” Identify the IV and DV. Construct a hypothesis for
the same.

Q24. Ritu has a mental representation of the locations of her classroom, canteen and football
field in her school. What term would Tolman use to describe this? Explain the type of learning
Ritu has used to learn these mental representations with the help of an experiment done by
Tolman on rats. (3)

Section-D

Q25. What is the basic idea behind Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? Explain with suitable
examples. (4)
Q26. A friend approaches you and asks for help in learning material for psychology exam. What
techniques you will suggest that your friend use to prevent forgetting the material? (4)

Q27.Eric has been with us since kindergarten. Already, then he expressed difficulty learning
letters and sounds. But still he moved to grade one. We coped with extra one-on-one help to help
him thrive but he didn’t. At parent request and with school approval, he repeated the class. His
second time though was more successful. But when he hit grade 2 and had to start reading more,
identifying more sight words, writing sentences and short paragraphs, it was obvious that he
didn't have that skills yet. His writing was poor, and he tends to forget manual writing as he
concentrates on reading. Describe Eric’s condition. What are its other diagnostic symptoms. (4)

Q28. How was Triesman attenuation theory successful in showing a major limitation to
Broadbent existing theory? Explain using suitable example. (4)

OR

Q28. If you move your finger closer and closer to your nose and focus on perceiving only one
image of the finger, even when it is almost touching the nose, your eyes begin to turn inward.
Which movement of the eye is being referred to here? How does it help us in perceiving depth?

Section E

Q29.Vikas is planning to work on a research study for which he is looking for research
participants to collect the data. Explain in detail the ethical issues which Vikas must keep in
mind while planning psychological research. (6)

OR
Q29. Dr Kishnan is going to observe and record children’s play behavior at a nursery school
without attempting to influence or control the behavior. Which method of research is involved?
Explain the process and discuss its merits and demerits.

Q30. Different approaches provide multiple perspectives on the development of Psychology.

Write in detail about the Evolution of Psychology.

(6)

OR
Q30. Explain the branches of Psychology in detail.
 Section-F

Read the case and answer the following questions (Q31-32) that follows:

“It is always a difficult question to ask, where to begin to tell the story of the history of
psychology. Some would start with ancient Greece; others would look to a demarcation in the
late 19th century when the science of psychology was formally proposed and instituted. These
two perspectives, and all that is in between, are appropriate for describing a history of
psychology. Rather than a dry collection of names and dates, the history of psychology tells us
about the important intersection of time and place that defines who we are. Consider what
happens when you meet someone for the first time. The conversation usually begins with a series
of questions such as “where did you grow up?” “How long have you lived here?” “Where did
you go to school?” The formal development of modern psychology is usually credited to the
work of German physician, physiologist and philosopher, Wilhelm Wundt. Wundt helped to
establish the field of experimental psychology by serving as a strong promoter of the idea that
psychology could be an experimental field and by providing classes, textbooks and a laboratory
for training students. In 1875, he joined the faculty at the University of Leipzig and quickly
began to make plans for the creation of a program of experimental psychology. In 1879, he
complemented his lectures on experimental psychology with the laboratory experience. Wundt
attracted students from around the world to study the new experimental psychology and work in
his lab. Students were trained to offer detailed self -reports of their reactions to various stimuli, a
procedure known as introspection. The goal was to identify the elements of consciousness.
By David B. Baker and Heather Sperry University of Akron, The University of Akron .

31. How can they distinguish between the school of psychology that Wundt proposed and
contrasted with functionalism? 1
32. What was the Gestalt school of psychology? How did it contribute to the later work on
perception? 2

Read the statement and answer the questions

The stage model of memory compares processes with the working of a computer and suggests
that the incoming information is processed through three different stages that is sensory memory,
STM and LTM. But sometimes memory loss happens before the actual memory process begins,
while encoding failure. We can’t remember something if we never stored it in our memory in the
first place. This would be like trying to find a book on your e- reader that you actually never
purchased and downloaded. Often, in order to remember something, we need to pay attention to
the details and actively work to process the information. Lots of time we don’t do this. For
instance, think of how many times in your life you have seen a dollar. Can you accurately recall
what the front of the US Dollar looks like? It is most likely an encoding failure. Most of us don’t
encode the details of the dollar. We only encode enough information to be able to distinguish it
from other coins. If you don’t encode the information then it is not in our long term memory So
we will not be able to remember it.

33. With regard to the above case study explain briefly stage model and who proposed it. 1
34. How does information travel from one store to another store? Briefly explain. 2