DRS.

KIRAN & PALLAVI PATEL GLOBAL UNIVERSITY (KPGU)

Krishna School of Emerging Technology
&
Applied Research

B.Tech. 3rd Semester

Subject: Mathematics-III
Assignment No. - 1
1 What is the probability for a leap year to have 52 Mondays and 53 Sundays?
2 In a class there are 10 boys and 5 girls. A committee of 4 students is to be selected from
the class. Find the probability for the committee to contain at least 3 girls.
3 Determine the probability for each of the following events: A non-defective bolt will be
found if out of 600 bolts already examined 12 were defective.
4 Out of 15 items 4 are not in good condition, 4 are selected at random. Find the
probability that (i) all are not good (ii) two are not good.
5 A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of cards. What is the probability that it is
either a spade or an ace?
6 Three students A, B, C are in running race. A and B have the same probability of
winning and each is twice as likely to win as C. find the probability that B or C wins.
7 Find the probability of drawing 2 red balls in succession from a bag containing 4 red
and 5 black balls when the ball that is drawn first is (i) not replaced (ii) replaced.
8 Two marbles are drawn in succession from a box containing 10 red, 30 white, 20 blue
and 15 orange marbles, with replacement being made after each draw. Find the
probability that (i) both are white (ii) first is red and second is white.
9 Three machines I, II, III produce 40%, 30%, 30% of the total number of items of
factory. The percentages of defective items of these machines are 4%, 2%, 3%. If an
item is selected at random, find the probability that the item is defective.
10 Four cards are drawn from a pack of cards. Find the probability that (i) all are diamonds
(ii) there is one card of each suit (iii) there are two spades and two hearts.
11 A room has three lamp sockets. From a collection of 10 light bulbs of which only 6 are
good. A person selects 3 at random and puts them in the socket. What is the probability
that the room will have light?
12 In a box, 100 bulbs are supplied out of which 10 bulbs have defects of type A, 5 bulbs
have defects of type B and 2 have defects of both types. Find the probabilities that a
bulb to be drawn at random has a B type defect under the condition that it has an A type
defect.
13 In producing screws, let A mean “screw too slim” and B “screw too short”. Let 𝑃(A=
0.1) and let the conditional probability that a slim screw is also too small be 𝑃( B/A =
0.2) What is the probability that the screw that we pick randomly from the lot produced
will be both too slim and too short?
14 An urn contains 10 white and 3 black balls, while another urn contains 3 white and 5
black balls. Two balls are drawn from the first urn and put into the second urn and then
a ball is drawn from the latter. What is the probability that it is a white ball?
15 Two students x and y work independently on a problem. The probability that x will
solve it is 3/4 and the probability that y will solve it is 2/3. What is the probability that
problem will be solved?
16 A company has two plants to manufacture hydraulic machines. At plant I manufactures
70% of the hydraulic machines and at plant II manufactures 30%. At plant I, 80% of
hydraulic machines are rated standard quality and at plant II, 90% of hydraulic
machines are rated standard quality. A machine is picked up at random and is found to
be of standard quality. What is the chance that it has come from plant I?
17 Three boxes contain 10%, 20% and 30% of defective finger joints. A finger joint is
selected at random which is defective. Determine the probability that it comes from
i) 1st box ii) 2nd box iii) 3rd box.
18 State Bayes’ theorem. A microchip company has two machines that produce the chips.
Machine I produce 65% of the chips, but 5% of its chips are defective. Machine II
produces 35% of the chips and 15% of its chips are defective. A chip is selected at
random and found to be defective. What is the probability that it came from Machine I?
19 In a certain assembly plant, three machines, B1, B2, and B3 make 30%, 45%, and 25%,
respectively, of the products. It is known from past experience that 2%, 3%, and 2% of
the products made by each machine, respectively, are defective. Now, suppose that a
finished product is randomly selected. What is the probability that it is defective?
20 State Bayes’ theorem. In a bolt factory, three machines A, B and C manufacture 25%,
35% and 40% of the total product respectively. Of these outputs 5%, 4% and 2%
respectively, are defective bolts. A bolt is picked up at random and found to be
defective. What are the probabilities that it was manufactured by machines A, B and C?
21 Let X denote the number of heads in a single toss of 4 fair coins. Determine
𝑖) 𝑃(𝑋 < 2) 𝑖𝑖) 𝑃(1 < 𝑋 ≤ 3).
22 Two dice are thrown. Let X assign to each point (𝑎, 𝑏) in S the maximum of its
numbers 𝑖. 𝑒. , 𝑋(𝑎, 𝑏) = 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚(𝑎, 𝑏). Find the probability distribution. X is a
random variable with 𝑋(𝑠) = {1,2,3,4,5,6}. Also find the mean and variance of the
distribution.
23 A random variable X has the following probability function:
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 2
p(x) 0 K 2K 2K 3K K 2K 7K2+K
Determine K.
Evaluate 𝑃(𝑋 < 6), 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 6), 𝑃(0 < 𝑋 < 5), 𝑃(0 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 4).
Determine the distribution function of X, Mean and Variance.
24 Let X denote the minimum of the two numbers that appear when a pair of fair dice
thrown once. Determine the Discrete probability distribution, Expectation, Variance,
Standard Deviation and F(x).
25 A random variable X is defined as the sum of the numbers on the faces when two dice
are thrown. Find mean and distribution function.
26 A sample of 4 items is selected at random from a box containing 12 items of which 5
are defective. Find the expected number of defective items.
27 The probability distribution of a random variable X is given below:

X -2 -1 0 1 2
p(x) 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1
Find 𝐸(𝑋), 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋), 𝐸(2𝑋 − 3), 𝑉𝑎𝑟(2𝑋 − 3).
28 A sample of 3 items is selected at random from a box containing 10 items of which 4
are defective. Find the expected number of defective items?
29 The probability density function of a variate X is
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
p(x) a 3a 5a 7a 9a 11a 13a
Find a, 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 5), 𝑃(3 < 𝑋 ≤ 6)
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 2) > 0.3?
30 A manufacturer firm produces steel pipes in three plants, with daily production volume
of 500, 1000 and 2000 units respectively. According to past experience; it is known that
the fraction of defective outputs produced by these plants are respectively 0.005, 0.008
and 0.010. If a pipe is selected from day’s total production and found to be defective,
find out the probability that it came from the first plant.
2
31 The probability density function is 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑘(3𝑥0, −1), −1≤𝑥≤2
𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
Find the value of k and find 𝑃(−1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0).
2
32 Find the constant k such that 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑘𝑥0, , 𝑖𝑓 0<𝑥<3
𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
is a probability function. Find the cumulative distribution function
1 1
F(x), 𝑃 (𝑋 ≤ ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃 (𝑋 > ) .
2 2
33 A continuous random variable has the probability density function
𝑘𝑥𝑒 −𝜆𝑥 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥≥0,𝜆>0
𝑓(𝑥) = { 0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 . Determine k, mean and variance.
34 The probability density f(x) of a continuous random variable is given by f(x) =
c𝑒 −|𝑥| , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞. Show that c=1/2 and find the mean and variance of the
distribution. Also, find the probability that the variate lies between 0 and 4.
35 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 be the probability density function of a continuous
random variable X. Determine a and b such that
𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 𝑎) = 𝑃(𝑋 > 𝑎) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 𝑏) = 0.05.
36 If the probability density of a random variable is given by
𝑥, 0 < 𝑥 < 1
𝑓(𝑥) = {2 − 𝑥, 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 2 Find the probabilities that a random variable having this
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
probability density will take on a value between 0.6 and 1.2.
37 Let the joint probability density function be given by
𝑘𝑒 −𝑥−2𝑦 ; 𝑥>0,𝑦>0
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { 0 ; 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
 Find k, the probability for x<2 and y>2, the joint cumulative distribution function, the
marginal density function of X and Y, the conditional probability density of Y given X.

38 The joint probability distribution of X and Y is given by

6−𝑥−𝑦
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { ; 0 < 𝑥 < 2, 2 < 𝑦 < 4
8
0 ; 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Find f(y/x=2) and cumulative distribution function.
39 The joint pdf of (X,Y) is given by
𝑒 −|𝑥|−|𝑦|
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = , − ∞ < 𝑥 < ∞, −∞ < 𝑦 < ∞
4
Are X and Y independent?
Find 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 1, 𝑦 < 0).
40 Let the joint probability density function be given by
6𝑒 −2𝑥−3𝑦 ; 𝑥>0,𝑦>0
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { 0 ; 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
Find the joint cumulative distribution function, the marginal density function of X and
Y, the conditional probability density of X given Y.
41 Out of five cars, two have tyre problems and one has brake problem and two are in good
running condition. Two cars are required for the journey. If two cars are selected among
five at random and if X denotes the number with tyre problem, Y denotes with brake
problem then find the joint probability distribution, the probability of 0 or 1 total
problem among the selection, the marginal probability function of X and Y, the
conditional probability distribution of X given Y=0.
42 For discrete random variables X and Y, the joint probability function f(x,y) is given in
the following table:
Y X 0 1 2
0 0.1 0.1 0.2
1 0.2 0.3 0.1
Find P(X+Y<3), the marginal probability function of X and Y, the conditional
probability of X given Y=0. Also, find the probability distribution of (X+Y).
43 The joint distribution of X and Y is given by
𝑥+𝑦
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = , 𝑥 = 1,2,3; 𝑦 = 1,2. Find the marginal distribution, the
21
conditional distribution of Y given X=2. Also, check X and Y are independent or not.
44 The joint distribution of X and Y is given by
Y X 1 2 3
2 1/8 1/24 1/12
4 1/4 1/4 0
6 1/8 1/24 1/12
Find 𝑃(𝑋 < 4), 𝑃(𝑌 > 1), 𝑃(𝑋 < 4/𝑌 > 1), 𝑃(𝑌 = 2/𝑋 = 2),
𝑃(𝑋 + 𝑌 ≤ 7).