XI – Artificial Intelligence

S. Ramya
PGT Teacher, Computer Science Dept
Introduction: Artificial Intelligence for Everyone
➢ What is Intelligence? → Ability to response (handle) to situations very
flexibly.

➢ Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for logic,
understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning,
planning, creativity, critical thinking and problem-solving.

➢ What is AI ? → Enables the Machine to think. Any technique that enables

computer to mimic human intelligence.
(i.e.) without any human intervention the machine can able to perform cognitive
task like thinking, learning and take decisions etc.

➢ AI is a technique that facilitates a machine to perform all cognitive functions

such as perceiving, learning and reasoning that are otherwise performed by
humans.

➢ Goal of AI: To make computers more intelligent, so that they can act like a
human.
➢ Machine Learning and Deep Learning “Algorithms” are the Major Subset of
Artificial Intelligence.
➢ Data Science also plays a vital role in Artificial Intelligence.
AI vs ML vs DL
 Techniques to Create AI Model:
➢ Speech Recognition System

➢ Natural Language Processing

➢ Computer Vision

➢ Robotics

➢ Pattern Recognition

➢ Neural Networks etc.

These are the Major Techniques used in creation of Artificial
Intelligence Models (Applications), which are the things we are using at
present.
 Human vs AI

Techniques to Create AI Model

 Human vs AI

Speech Recognition System

 Human vs AI

Natural Language Processing

 Human vs AI

Computer Vision
Human vs AI

Robotics
 Human vs AI

Pattern Recognition
 Human vs AI

Neural Network
 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS
➢ Smart Assistants
(like Alexa, Siri and Google Assistant.)
➢ Amazon and Online Commerce.
➢ Uber and Ola.
➢ Self Driving Car.
➢ YouTube, Netflix and Spotify.
➢ Flying Drone.
➢ Highlights
Data Sciences:
➢ Data Science is the Study of Data.
➢ Data Science has many resolved solutions which helps to create our Model.
➢ Its related to data mining, data analytics ,deep learning.
➢ It makes use of scientific methods, processes, algorithms, visualization and
systems to extract knowledge and understandings from many structural and
unstructured data.
 History of Artificial Intelligence
In 1950, Mr. Alan Turing one of the famous computer scientist
proposed the Turing Test. He proposed that: Turing Test to determine
”Whether or not machines can think intelligently like humans?”
➢ In 1955 August 31, Mr. John McCarthy coined the term “artificial
intelligence”, placed a proposal at (Dartmouth College Conference),
that “ a 2 month, 10 man study of artificial intelligence be carried”,

➢ Every aspect of learning and any other feature of intelligence be so

precisely described: so that intelligent agents (systems) can be built,
which can be to solve problems and progress by themselves.
➢ In July and August 1956, is generally considered as the official birthdate
of the new field (AI).

➢ In 1958, John McCarthy develops programming language Lisp which

becomes the most popular programming language used in artificial
intelligence research.

➢ In 1958, Arthur Samuel coins the term “Machine Learning,” reporting

on programming a computer “so that it will learn to play a better game of
checkers than can be played by the person who wrote the program.”

➢ In 1958, Frank Rosenblatt invented the “Neural Network” ,intended to

model how the human brain processed visual data and learn-to recognize
objects.

➢ In 1959, Oliver Selfridge describes a model for a process by which

computers could “Recognize Patterns” that have not been specified in
advance.

➢ In 1960, Larry Roberts who invented the “Computer Vision” technique.

➢ In 1961, The first industrial robot, Unimate, starts working on an assembly line
in a General Motors plant in New Jersey.

➢ In 1965, MIT AI laboratory-created Eliza, the first Chabot on “Natural

Language Processing (NLP)”.

➢ In 1970’s, 70 s saw an upsurge of computer era. These machines were much

quicker, affordable and stowed more information. They had an amazing
character to think abstract, could self-recognize and accomplished natural
language processing.

➢ In 1970, The first robot, WABOT-1, is built at Waseda University in Japan. It

consisted of a limb-control system, a vision system and a conversation system.

➢ In 1980’s, These were the years that saw flow of funds for research and
algorithmic tools. The learning skills were enhanced and computers improved
with deeper user experience.

➢ In 1980, Wabot-2 is built at Waseda University in Japan, a musician humanoid

robot able to communicate with a person, read a musical score and play tunes of
average difficulty on an electronic organ.
➢ In 1986,First driverless car, a Mercedes-Benz van equipped with cameras and
sensors, built at Bundeswehr University in Munich under the direction of Ernst
Dickman's, drives up to 55 mph on empty streets.

➢ In 1989, Yann LeCun and other researchers at AT&T Bell Labs successfully
apply a back propagation algorithm to a “Multi-Layer Neural Network”,
recognizing handwritten ZIP codes.

➢ In 1997, IBM’s Deep Blue becomes the first computer chess-playing program
to beat a leading world chess champion Garry Kasparov.

➢ In 1998, Dave Hampton and Caleb Chung create Furby, the first domestic or
pet robot.

➢ In 1999, MIT AI laboratory-developed Kismet, the first emotional AI demo.

➢ In 2000’s, Many unsuccessful attempts, Alas! The technology was successfully

established by years 2000.The milestones were realized, that needed to be
accomplished. AI could somehow manage to thrive despite lack of government
funds and public appreciation.
➢ In 2009 ,Self-Driving cars was developed by Google.

➢ In 2011 IBM Watson, a natural language question answering computer

which defeats two former champions AI. Jeopardy

➢ In 2011 A convolutional neural network wins the German Traffic Sign

Recognition competition with 99.46% accuracy (vs. humans at 99.22%).

➢ In 2016, World champion Lee Sedol was defeated (an ancient Chinese
board game) by Google Deep Mind’s Alpha Go .

➢ In 2016,Sophia is a Humanoid Robot developed by Hong Kong based

company and become world first robot to got the citizenship, in Saudi
Arabia.

➢ In 2017- skin cancer and heart rhythms were diagnosed by medical

breakthroughs with AI.
World Famous AI Machines(Few Names):
➢ Google’s Driverless Car (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdgQpa1pUUE)
➢ The Assistant / Chabot Google’s Home(Assistant), Alexa, Siri.
➢ IBM Watson (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_wgf75GwCM)
➢ Sophia, the Humanoid Robot (https://www.youtubeom/watch?v=cdgQpa1pUUE)
➢ Honda Asimo (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1urL_X_vp7w)
➢ Boston Dynamics AI Robot (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NR32ULxbjYc)
 How do machines become Artificially Intelligent?

More Data > Better Model > Higher Accuracy

 How do machines become Artificially Intelligent?
➢ Humans become more and more intelligent with time as they gain
experiences during their lives.
➢ In elementary school, we learn about alphabets and eventually we move
ahead for making words with them.
➢ we takes help from others while learning how to walk and once we
knows it, we keeps on upgrading it by learning how to run, jump, etc.
➢ Similarly, machines also become intelligent once they are trained with
some information which helps them achieve their tasks. AI machines
also keep updating their knowledge to optimize their output.
➢ Machine Learn from Mistakes.
Example 1:
➢ Let’s play a game. Find the missing number 2, 4, 8, 16, 32,___,128,256
➢ And I am sure, you would have guessed the correct answer which is 64.
➢ But how did you arrive at 64? This calculation must have taken place inside
your brain cells and the technique you used to decipher this puzzle, has actually
helped you to decode Machine Learning (ML).
➢ That’s exactly the kind of behavior that we are trying to teach the machines.
‘Learn from experience’ is what we want machines to acquire.

Example 2:
➢ Let us take another example from Cricket. Assume you are the batsman
facing a baller.
➢ By looking at the baller’s body movement and action, you predict and move
either left or right to hit the ball. But if the baller throws a straight ball, what will
you do? Apart from the baller’s body movement, you also try to find out the
patterns in baller’s bowling habit, that after 2 consecutive left side balls, he/she
throws a straight ball and you prepare yourself to face the next ball.
➢ So what you are doing is learning from past experience in order to perform
better in the future.
➢ When a computer does this, it is called Machine Learning. You let the
computer to learn from its past experience / data.
 Data
Data maybe represented with the help of characters such as
alphabets (A-Z, a-z), digits (0-9) or special characters (+, -, /, *, <,>, =
etc.)
Structured Data:
➢ Structured data is data that has clear definable relationships between the
data points, with a predefined model containing it.
➢ Here the data is often held in tables such as Excel files and SQL
Databases.
➢ Structured data has a long history of being stored in Relational SQL
Databases.
➢ In a Machine Learning context, structure data is easier to train a machine
system on, because the patterns within the data are more explicit(clear).
➢ ‘Structured data’ is most often categorized as quantitative data, and it's the
type of data most of us work with every day. Structured data has predefined data
types and format so that it fits well in the column/ fields of database or
spreadsheet.
Unstructured Data:
➢ Unstructured data is data that isn't organized in a
predefined manner and lacks a specific data model.
➢ Unstructured data is difficult to analyze and making sense of
unstructured data often involves examining individual pieces of
data.
➢ ‘Unstructured data’ is most often categorized as qualitative
data, and it cannot be processed and analyzed using conventional
relational database (RDBMS) methods.
➢ Unstructured data is difficult to deconstruct because it has no
pre-defined model, meaning it cannot be organized in relational
databases.
➢ Instead, Non-Relational, or NOSQI databases, are best fit for
managing unstructured data.
E.g. Images, Audios, Videos, Emails, Social Media
Activity, Chats, Customer Transactions, Mobile Activity, Satellite
Imagery and Surveillance Imagery etc.
 Difference between Conventional Programming and
Machine Learning
Conventional Programming:
We have the input data, and someone (programmer) coded a
program that uses that data and runs on a computer to produce the desired
output.

Machine Learning:
Machine Learning, on the other hand, the input data and output are
fed to an algorithm to create a program.
 Example: Below are the steps to Convert Celsius Scale to Fahrenheit Scale
Conventional Programming:
Step 1: Take input (Celsius)
Step 2: Apply the Conversion Formula: Fahrenheit = Celsius * 1.8 + 32
Step 3: Print the Output (Fahrenheit)
Did you notice, we are telling the computer what to do on the input data i.e. multiply
Celsius with 1.8 and then add 32 to obtain the value in Fahrenheit.

Machine Learning:
Step 4: Feed lot many values in Celsius (i.e. -40, -10, 0, 8, 15, 22, 38)
Step 5: Feed corresponding Fahrenheit values (i.e. -40, 14, 32, 46, 59, 72, 100)
Step 6: Pass these 2 sets of values to Machine Learning (ML) algorithm
Step 7: Now you ask the ML program to predict (convert) any other Celsius value to
Fahrenheit, and program will tell you the answer.
For example, ask the computer to predict (convert) 200 Celsius to
Fahrenheit, and you will get the answer as 392.
Can you notice - in the ML approach, nowhere this conversion step (F =
C*1.8 +32) has been mentioned.
 How is Machine Learning related to AI?
➢ It is a method of training algorithms such that they can learn how to make
decisions. Training in machine learning entails giving a lot of data to the
algorithm and allowing it to learn more about the processed information.
➢ The intention of ML is to enable machines to learn by themselves using the
provided data and make accurate predictions for the Input Data.

➢ The table above, the fruits are differentiated based on their weight and surface
(texture).
➢ However, the last row gives only the weight and surface, without the type of fruit.
➢ And, a machine learning algorithm can be developed to try to identify whether the
fruit is an orange or an apple.
➢ After the algorithm is fed with the training data, it will learn the differing
characteristics between an orange and an apple.
➢ Therefore, if provided with data of weight and surface, it can predict accurately the
type of fruit(apple) with those characteristics.
 Machine Learning (ML)
➢ Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence which enables machines
to improve at tasks with experience (data).
➢ In ML we want to make machine learn, by giving huge amount of input data
and training algorithms we can train machines to learn.
➢ It makes use of algorithms and statistical models to perform a task.
➢ The intention of Machine Learning is to enable machines to learn by
themselves using the provided data and make accurate Predictions/
Decisions for the Given Input Data.
➢ “Machine learning is the science of getting computers to act without being
explicitly programmed.” – Stanford University
➢ “Machine learning algorithms can figure out how to perform important tasks by
generalizing from examples.” – University of Washington
➢ “Machine Learning is a discipline that deals with programming the systems so as
to make them automatically learn and improve with experience. Here, learning
implies understanding the input data and taking informed decisions based
on the supplied data”. In simple words, Machine Learning is a subset of AI
which predicts results based on incoming data.
Machine Learning Techniques and Training:
1. Supervised Learning.
2. Unsupervised Learning.
3. Reinforcement Learning.
Machine Learning (ML)
Supervised Learning:
➢ The machine is provided with the labeled/Past dataset, which already has input
and output parameters.
➢ So, when the machine is given a new dataset, the supervised learning algorithm
examines the data and produces the correct output according to the labeled data.
➢ If we train the machine with labeled data (i.e. some data is already tagged with
correct answer). It is then compared to the learning which takes place in the presence
of a supervisor or a teacher.
➢ A supervised learning algorithm learns from labelled training data, and then
becomes ready to predict the outcomes for unforeseen data.
Example 1:Detecting a Person is Obese or Fit.
 Now the first step is to train the machine to find BMI and then compare the BMI with
labelled data.
➢ If BMI <18.5 then it will be labelled – Underweight,
➢ If BMI 18.5-25 then it will be labelled – Normal weight (Fit).
➢ If BMI 25-30 then it will be labelled – Over weight.
➢ If BMI >35 then it will be labelled – Obese.
➢ After training, the machine will find BMI and compare with labeled datasets and
predict correct answer.

Example 2:
For instance, suppose you are given a basket full of different kinds of fruits. Now the
first step is to train the machine to identify all the different fruits one by one in the following
manner:
➢ If the shape of the object is round with depression at the top and its color being Red, then it
will be labelled – Apple.
➢ If shape of object resembles a long-curved cylinder with tapering ends and its colour being
Green or Yellow, then it will be labelled – Banana.
Now suppose after training, you bring a banana and ask the machine to identify it, the
machine will classify the fruit on the basis of its shape and colour and would confirm the fruit to
be BANANA and place it in the Banana category.
Unsupervised Learning:

➢ The machine not has any labeled dataset.

➢ The algorithm is designed in a way, that tries to learn by itself

without any kind of input data.

➢ Here is Technique used Clustering & Classification, that is

grouping of similar objects.

➢ Unsupervised learning is a ML technique where we don’t need to

supply labelled data, instead we allow the machine learning model
(algorithm) to discover the patterns on its own.

➢ The task of the machine is to assemble unsorted information

according to resemblances, patterns and variances without any former
training of data.
 Example 1: Consider few objects such as pencil, eraser, and matchbox.

➢ Step 1: You provide the system with a data that contains photos of different kinds
of items and ask it to segregate it. Remember, in case of unsupervised learning
you don’t need to provide labelled data.
➢ Step 2: The system will look for patterns in the data. Patterns like shape, colour
and size and group the items based on those attributes.
➢ Step 3: Here, the machine does not even know what these objects are; rather, it
makes clusters of similar objects, and when any input dataset is given, it gives the
output by examining the data it has clustered.
Example 2:
➢ If somebody gives you a basket full of different fruits and asks you to
separate them, you will probably do it based on their colour, shape and size, right?
➢ Step 1: You provide the system with a data that contains photos of different kinds
of fruits and ask it to segregate it. Remember, in case of unsupervised learning
you don’t need to provide labelled data.
➢ Step 2: The system will look for patterns in the data. Patterns like shape, colour
and size and group the fruits based on those attributes.
➢ Step 3: Here, the machine does not even know what these objects are; rather, it
makes clusters of similar objects, and when any input dataset is given, it gives the
output by examining the data it has clustered.
Reinforcement Learning:
➢ It’s a reward based learning or its works on the principle of feedback. The
algorithms are designed in such a way that the machine tries to find an optimal
solution.
➢ It adopts the principle of reward and punishment, and by this approach it
moves to the correct result.
➢ In reinforcement learning, the machine is not given examples of correct
input-output pairs, but a method is provided to the machine to measure its
performance in the form of a reward.
➢ Reinforcement learning methods resemble how humans and animals learn, the
machine carries out numerous activities and gets rewarded whenever it does
something well.
Example
Let’s play a game:
➢ We have an agent, a robot, and a reward (diamond here) with many
hurdles (fires) in between. The goal of the robot is to get the reward
(diamond) and to avoid the hurdles (fire).
➢ The robot learns by trying all the possible paths and then chooses the
path which reaches the reward while encountering the least hurdles.
➢ Each correct step will bring the robot closer to the diamond while
accumulating some points and each wrong step will push the robot away
from the diamond and will take away some of the accumulated points.
➢ The reward (diamond) will be assigned to the robot when it reaches
the final stage of the game.
Activity 1 :
Question - 1: Can you please find two real world applications of Supervised
Learning?
____________________________________________________________________
Question - 2: Can you write down two real world applications of Unsupervised
Learning?
____________________________________________________________________
Question - 3: What kind of learning algorithm do you think works behind the
Computer chess engine?
____________________________________________________________________
Question - 4: Let's suppose you have never seen a Cricket match before and by
chance watch a video on the internet. Can you classify players on the basis of
different criterion?
____________________________________________________________________
Question - 5: Suppose you have a data set entailing images of different bikes and
cars. Now you need to train the machine on how to classify all the different images.
How will you create your labelled data?
____________________________________________________________________
Activity:
Based on the understanding you have developed till now, how do you think
Machine Learning could help some of the problems being faced currently by your
school. Fill the problems in the blank circles given below:
 Neural Networks
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) :
It can be described as layers of software units called neurons (also called
node), connected with different neurons in a layered manner.
These networks transform data from one neuron to another neuron until
they can classify it as an output. Neural network is again a technique to build a
computer program that learns from data.
❑ Input Node: This is the layer where information or initial data from the real
world gets introduced into the neural network. The information is then passed
onto the hidden node where computations can begin.
❑ Hidden Node: There is no connection to the real world at this stage. This is the
point where the machine uses the information received from the input node, it
carries out computation and processing on it. There can be more than one hidden
layer.
❑ Output Node: This is the final stage where the computations conclude, and data
is made available to the output layer from where it gets transferred back into the
real-world environment.

➢ A Neural Network is a series of algorithms that endeavors to recognize

underlying relationships in a set of data through a process that mimics the
way the human brain operates.

➢ In this sense, neural networks refer to systems of neurons, organic or

artificial in nature.
Example
➢ Let me share an example to further explain Artificial Neural Networks…
➢ A school has to select students for their upcoming sports meet.
➢ The school principal forms a group of three teachers (a selection jury) and entrusts
them with the responsibility of selection of students based on the following criteria:
➢ Students’ Marks (in Grade X)
➢ Students’ Gender
➢ Students’Age
➢ Students’ Emotional Stability
The process that will be followed for this exercise is as below:
➢ (I would like to remind that this whole exercise is being performed on the previous
batch of students and the purpose of this exercise is to sharpen the decision making
accuracy of the jury for the upcoming selection)
➢ Every jury member is given a maximum of 10 points (weight) on which they rate a
student. They need to distribute the 10 points across the four criteria of marks, gender,
age and emotional stability.
➢ The cut-off average required for a student to qualify is fixed at ‘6’. So, a student
needs to have an average score of ≥ 6 to reserve his/her spot in the sports team.
➢ After the jury gives their verdict on a particular student (using the above four criteria),
the principal will reveal whether their verdict of "Selected" or "Not Selected" matches
the original selection outcome.
Based on the above deliberation, let us take a look at how the jury members
have scored Student # 1:

➢ Average score for Student # 1: (7 + 6 + 10)/ 3 = 7.6

➢ As per the selection rule (cut-off ≥ 6), Student # 1 should have ideally qualified,
but the principal reveals that this student actually did not make the team as per the
original decision.
Based on the above deliberations, let us take a look at the score table for
Student # 2:

➢ Average score for Student # 2: (6 + 6 + 5) /3 = 5. 6

➢ As per the selection rule (cut-off ≥ 6), Student # 2 will not qualify and the principal reveals
that indeed this student did not make the team as per the original decision as well.
➢ So in this case the jury decision matches the original verdict!
➢ In the above fashion the jury proceeds to evaluate student after student and in doing so a
pattern emerges for the right 'weightage' for each criteria (per jury member) that yields the
highest number of correct predictions.
And this whole process of learning and developing an accuracy is nothing but Artificial
Neural Networks (ANN).
To explain the above illustration:

➢ The selection criteria (marks, age, gender and emotional stability), is what we call
the ‘Input Layer’ in a neural network – the input to the network, which will be assigned
weightage and eventually decide an outcome.

➢ The decision/prediction is what we call the ‘Output Layer’ in a neural network. In

this case, ‘Selected’ and ‘Not Selected’ is the output layer. It should be noted that it can
either be a continuous outcome (regression, as in a number like 3.14 or 42) or categorical
outcome (true/false, yes/no, selected/not selected etc.)

➢ The jurors (group of teachers) form the ‘Hidden Layer’. It's called ‘hidden’
because no one besides them know how much weightage they are attaching to each criteria
(or input). To the input and output neuron, the hidden layer is a ‘black box’ that simply
listens and jointly decides an outcome.
Recommendation:
AI has not only made our lives easier but has also been taking care of
our habits, likes, and dislikes.
This is why platforms like Netflix, Amazon, Spotify, YouTube etc. show
us recommendation on the basis of what we like.
They also send us customized notifications about our online shopping
details.

Robotics:
Sophia is a realistic humanoid robot, capable of displaying more than 60
facial expressions like human., move and interacting with people.
It's designed for research, education, and entertainment, and helps
promote public discussion about AI ethics and the future of robotics.
Rainfall Predictions :
➢ The neural networks contain a number of hidden layers through which the data
is processed, allowing the machine to go "deep" in its learning.
➢ Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) allows researchers to generate accurate
rainfall predictions six hours ahead of when the precipitation occurs.
 Deep Learning (DL)
➢ Deep Learning makes use of Deep Neural Networks Technique, also inspired
by the structure and function of the human brain.

➢ The neural networks contain a number of hidden layers through which the data is
processed, allowing the machine to go "deep" in its learning.

➢ Deep Learning is the most advanced form of Artificial Intelligence out of these
three. Then comes Machine Learning which is intermediately intelligent and
Artificial Intelligence covers all the concepts and algorithms which, in some way or
the other Deep Learning mimic human intelligence.

➢ Deep learning is a branch of machine learning which is completely based on

artificial neural networks, as neural network mimics the human brain so deep
learning is also a kind of imitation of the human brain.

➢ There are a lot of applications of AI out of which few are those which come under
ML out of which very few can be labeled as DL.

➢ Therefore, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) are part of Artificial
Intelligence (AI), but not everything that is Machine learning will be Deep
learning.
 Various Techniques of Deep Learning
ANN(Artificial Neural Network):
➢ An Artificial Neural Network is an information processing model that
is inspired by the way biological nervous systems, such as the brain, process
information.
➢ Artificial Neural Network(ANN) uses the processing of the brain as a
basis to develop algorithms that can be used to model complex patterns and
prediction problems.
➢ If the input is in text kind of data ANN is used.

Application of ANN:
✓ Spell Checking, Text Classification,
✓ Speech Recognition, Semantic Parsing.
✓ Machine Translation, Question Answering .
CNN(Convolution Neural Network):
➢ A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a type of artificial neural
network used in image recognition and processing, classification,
segmentation that is specifically designed to process pixel data.
➢ CNN have their “neurons” arranged more like those of the frontal lobe,
the area responsible for processing visual stimuli in humans and other animals.
➢ Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) allows researchers to
generate accurate rainfall predictions six hours ahead of when the
precipitation occurs.

Application of CNN:
✓ Understanding Climate.
✓ Visual Search.
✓ Image Tagging.
✓ Character Recognition.
✓ Predictive Analytics - Health Risk Assessment
✓ Historic and Environmental Collections.
RNN(Recurrent Neural Network):
➢ If the input is in time series kind of data RNN is used.
➢ RNNs are designed to recognize a data's sequential
characteristics and use patterns to predict the next likely scenario.
➢ A Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is a type of artificial neural
network commonly used in business perspective and natural
language processing (NLP).

Application of RNN:
✓ Time Series Prediction.
✓ Prediction Problems.
✓ Music Composition.
✓ Speech Recognition.
✓ Call Center Analysis.
✓ Robot Control.
✓ Machine Translation.
✓ Rhythm Learning.
Example of Deep Learning at Work:

❑ Automated Driving: Automotive researchers are using profound learning to

robotically spot entities such as stop lights and traffic signals. In addition, deep
learning is also used to detect pedestrians, reducing the incident of accidents.

❑ Aerospace and Defense: Identifying objects from satellites and locate safe and
unsafe zones for troops is another area where Deep Learning is playing major
role.

❑ Medical Research: Deep Learning is used by cancer researchers to automatically

detect cancer cells.

❑ Industrial Automation: Deep learning is helping to improve worker safety

around heavy machinery by automatically detecting when people or objects are
within an unsafe distance from the machines.
 What Machine Learning Can and Can’t Do
Machine Learning Can Do:
Virtual Personal Assistants

➢ Alexa, Google, Siri now are some of the popular examples of virtual
personal assistants.
➢ It is capable of voice interaction, music playback, making to-do lists,
setting alarms, streaming podcasts, playing audiobooks, and providing
weather, traffic, sports, and other real-time information, such as news.
 Predictions while Commuting
Traffic Predictions: We all have been using GPS navigation services. While we do
that, our current locations and speeds are being saved at a central server for
managing traffic.
This data is then used to build a map of current traffic. While this helps
in preventing the traffic and does congestion analysis, the underlying problem is that
there are less number of cars that are equipped with GPS.
Machine learning in such scenarios helps to estimate the regions where
congestion can be found on the basis of daily experiences.
Online Transportation Networks: When booking a cab, the app estimates the price
of the ride. When sharing these services, how do they minimize the detours? The
answer is machine learning.
Jeff Schneider, the engineering lead at Uber ATC reveals in a an interview
that they use ML to define price surge hours by predicting the rider demand. In the
entire cycle of the services, ML is playing a major role.
 Videos Surveillance
➢ The video surveillance system nowadays are powered by AI
(Computer Vision) that makes it possible to detect crime before they
happen. They track unusual behavior of people like standing motionless
for a long time, stumbling, or sleeping on benches etc.
➢ The system can thus give an alert to human attendants, which can
ultimately help to avoid mishaps and when such activities are reported and
counted to be true, they help to improve the surveillance services.
 Social Media Services
People You May Know: Facebook continuously notices the friends that
you connect with, the profiles that you visit very often, your interests, workplace,
or a group that you share with someone etc. On the basis of continuous learning, a
list of Facebook users are suggested that you can become friends with.
Face Recognition: You upload a picture of you with a friend and
Facebook instantly recognizes that friend. Facebook checks the poses and
projections in the picture, notice the unique features, and then match them with
the people in your friend list.
Similar Pins: Machine learning is the core element of Computer Vision,
which is a technique to extract useful information from images and videos. Pinterest
uses computer vision to identify the objects (or pins) in the images and
recommend similar pins accordingly.
 Email Spam and Malware Filtering
➢ Spam is defined as unwanted and uninvited messages sent to an enormous list
of recipients.
➢ There are a number of spam filtering approaches that email clients use. To
determine that these spam filters are continuously updated, they are powered by
machine learning. When rule-based spam filtering is done, it fails to track the
latest tricks adopted by spammers. Multi Layer Perceptron, C 4.5 Decision
Tree Induction are some of the spam filtering techniques that are powered by
Machine Learning(ML).
➢ Over(Approximately) 325,000 malwares are detected everyday and each
piece of code is 90–98% similar to its previous versions. The system security
programs that are powered by machine learning understand the coding
pattern. Therefore, they detects new malware with 2-10% variation easily and
offer protection against them.
 Online Customer Support
➢ A number of websites nowadays offer the option to chat with customer support
representative while they are navigating within the site.
➢ However, not every website has a live executive to answer your queries. In most of
the cases, you talk to a Chabot.
➢ These bots tend to extract information from the website and present it to the
customers. Meanwhile, the Chabot's advances with time.
➢ They tend to understand the user queries better and serve them with better
answers, which is possible due to its machine learning algorithms.
 Search Engine Result Refining
Google and other search engines use machine learning to improve the
search results for you. Every time you execute a search, the algorithms at the
backend keep a watch at how you respond to the results.
If you open the top results and stay on the web page for long, the search
engine assumes that the results it displayed were in accordance to the query.
Similarly, if you reach the second or third page of the search results but do not
open any of the results, the search engine estimates that the results served did
not match requirement. This way, the algorithms working at the backend improve
the search results.
 Product Recommendations
You shopped for a product online few days back and then you keep receiving
emails for shopping suggestions. If not this, then you might have noticed that the
shopping website or the app recommends you some items that somehow matches with
your taste.
Certainly, this refines the shopping experience but did you know that it’s
machine learning doing the magic for you? On the basis of your behavior with the
website/app, past purchases, items liked or added to cart, brand preferences etc.,
the product recommendations are made.
 Online Fraud Detection
➢ Machine learning is proving its potential to make cyberspace a secure
place and tracking monetary frauds online is one of its examples.
(e.g.) PayPal is using ML for protection against Money Laundering.
➢ The company uses a set of tools that helps them to compare millions of
transactions taking place and distinguish between genuine or illegal
transactions taking place between the buyers and sellers.
 Machine Learning Currently Can’t Do:
➢ Machine Learning can’t take over the world & Replace all jobs.
➢ Machine Learning has less Reasoning Power and Its won’t Analysis in Deep.
➢ Machine Learning can’t able to gives solution for complex problem.
➢ Only handle very narrow aspects of natural language.
➢ Machine Learning as Won’t think Ethically.
➢ It can’t work for longer dimensions (or) higher amount of data, compared to
Deep Learning, on that its has Less efficient.
➢ Don’t Play complex 3d video games.
➢ Can’t Understanding which processes need automation.
➢ Any Problems or questions which require social context will take longer for a
machine to solve.
➢ Particularly with respect to text analytics, there are two main challenges.
✓ First is “Ambiguity” - this means that the same word can mean many
things. (e.g. Bat, Lead…etc.)
✓ Second is “Variability” - indicating the same thing can be said in many
different ways.(e.g. Announce, Post, Declare, Explain, Spell Out, Describe )
 Specific Jobs in AI
Which Companies Are Hiring for Artificial Intelligence Roles?
❑ Amazon
❑ NVIDIA
❑ Microsoft
❑ IBM
❑ Accenture
❑ Facebook
❑ Intel
❑ Tesla
❑ Samsung
❑ Lenovo
❑ Adobe
❑ MoTek Technologies
❑ Uber
❑ PCO Innovation
❑ Rakuten Marketing
❑ Wells Fargo
 Specific Jobs in AI
10 Most In-Demand AI Jobs Worldwide and The Percentage of
Overall AI Jobs:
➢ Software Engineer (8.48%)
➢ Data Scientist (5.95%)
➢ Intern (5.39%)
➢ AI Researcher (5.17%)
➢ Intelligence Specialist (4.94%)
➢ Consultant (4.6%)
➢ AI Data Analyst (3.82%)
➢ Machine Learning Engineer (3.62%)
➢ Sales Engineer (3.14%)
➢ Product Manager (3.08%)
Data Mining Analysts:
➢ Data mining analysts turn data into information, information
into insight and insight into business decisions.
➢ Data mining analysts are generally considered experts in
business intelligence. Not only do they understand data, but they are
also capable of translating the results of data mining into actionable
ideas. $69,885
 Specific Jobs in AI
Machine Learning Engineer:
➢ Machine learning engineers are highly sought after and command
an annual median salary of $114,856.
➢ The role of a machine learning engineer is at the heart of AI
projects and is suitable for those who hail from a background in applied
research and data science.
➢ However, it’s also necessary to be an AI programmer and
demonstrate a thorough understanding of multiple programming
languages.
➢ Machine learning engineers should also be able to apply
predictive models and leverage natural language processing when
working with enormous datasets.
➢ To be considered, applicants must demonstrate an in-depth
working knowledge of modern programming languages like the
following:

Java, Python, Scala

 Specific Jobs in AI
Data Scientist :
➢ Data Scientists are charged with collecting, analyzing, and
interpreting large, complex datasets by leveraging both machine
learning and predictive analytics. They also play a vital role in
developing algorithms that enable the collection and cleaning of data
for analysis.
➢ When it comes to careers in artificial intelligence, data scientists
command an annual median salary of $120,931. Candidates looking to
get started in data science need to be comfortable with big data platforms
and tools like the following:
Hive, Hadoop, Map Reduce, Pig, Spark
➢ Data scientists should also be highly experienced in statistical
computing languages and programming languages:
Perl, Python, Scala, SQL
 Specific Jobs in AI
Business Intelligence (BI) Developer:
➢ The primary objective of this role is to analyze complex data sets to
identify business and market trends.
Related: Our 24 Favorite BI Tools
➢ Business intelligence developers play a key role in improving the efficiency
and profitability of a business. It’s a career that’s in high demand and commands
an annual median salary of $92,278.
Machine Learning Researchers/ Research Scientist:
➢ These individuals are experts in multiple AI disciplines, including
applied mathematics, machine learning, deep learning, and computational
statistics.
➢ To get hired, candidates should demonstrate extensive knowledge and
experience in computer perception, graphical models, reinforcement
learning, and natural language processing.
➢ Research scientists are in high demand and command an annual median
salary of $99,809.
 Specific Jobs in AI
Big Data Engineer/Architect:
➢ Big data engineers and architects have among the best paying jobs
in artificial intelligence. In fact, they command an annual median salary
of $151,307.
➢ As big data engineers and architects play a vital role in
developing an ecosystem that enables business systems to
communicate with each other and collate data, most companies prefer
professionals who have completed a Ph.D. in mathematics, computer
science, or a related field.
AI Engineer:
➢ An AI engineer builds AI models using machine learning
algorithms and deep learning neural networks to draw business
insights, which can be used to make business decisions that affect the
entire organization.
➢ AI engineers have a sound understanding of programming,
software engineering, and data science. $101,677
➢ The World Economic Forum predicts that AI and ML will displace 75 million
jobs but generate 133 million new ones worldwide by 2022. Another Gartner
report claims that in 2020, Artificial Intelligence will create 2.3 million jobs
and eliminate 1.8 million jobs.
➢ Job losses due to Artificial Intelligence is a baseless fear as AI will NOT
take over the employment market – as simple as that. It will merely introduce a
paradigm shift, similar to the one which occurred after the Industrial Revolution.
➢ Consequently, while many professions will become obsolete and disappear,
some occupations will become much more popular, with new ones emerging on
the go.

It’s important to keep two things in mind:

1. Acquiring basic tech-related skills is not something you will live to

regret.

2. Understanding what is happening in the field of AI may help you gain a

significant career advantage, either by investing time and money into
learning a new skill or leveraging your existent knowledge into solving
relevant AI-related problems.
1) Creative Jobs
➢ Professionals like artists, doctors, scientists are only a few which can be labelled
creative. Such category of jobs is only going to get refined and advance by use
of AI.

➢ The number of such professionals required will not increase. But AI will make
certain parts of these jobs less complex for humans, so it will become easier in
the future to learn the skill in lesser time and flourish.

2) Management Jobs
➢ Management jobs cannot be replaced by artificial managers. Human
managers have to manage artificial managers. Managing is a very complex
task which involves deep understanding of people and communication.

➢ There are already few smart tools which help managers become more
effective at their LEVEL 1: AI INFORMED (AI FOUNDATIONS) TEACHER
INSTRUCTION MANUAL 30 job. So, if you’re interested in this kind of job,
you can learn to use them and gain some advantage in the field.
3) Tech Jobs
➢ Programmers, Data Scientists, people who work on the creation and
maintenance of AI systems are the jobs of the future and they will be very
important for humanity to make the next large step of its evolution.

➢ They too should undergo certain changes. Few of the tech jobs which are in
demand today may become less common, while others may become more vital.

Few of the jobs title, which can be expected to appear by 2030:

1. Chief Bias Office
2. Data Detective
3. Man – Machine Teaming Manager
4. AI Business Development Manager
5. AI Assisted Medical Professional (this I am sure, will appear before
2030)
6. AI Tutor I will leave up to you guys to take up as a project and define the
roles and responsibilities of these jobs profile.
Can you guess the jobs depicted in the pictures below:
Picture – 1 Picture -2

The jobs depicted in the pictures above, were professions from not long
back, may be 20-30 years ago. There are so many jobs, which used to exist few
decades ago but are redundant in today’s age. Similarly, there are jobs which were
unheard of 30 years ago but are very popular now.
Activity:
1.Can you please prepare a list of 10 such jobs which existed in the 80’s but no
longer relevant now?

____________________________________________________________________

2.Can you prepare a list of 5 jobs, which were not in 80’s but are popular now?

____________________________________________________________________

3. Can you imagine 5 jobs / professions that do not exist now but maybe popular in
2035?

____________________________________________________________________
Data Sets & Predictions – FOR TEACHERSY
➢ TASK: Get a forecast from a weather app DATA SET: what the weather was like in
the past PREDICTION: what the weather will be like in the future
➢ T: Send a voice-to-text message D: transcribed audio of people talking P:
transcription of your audio message
➢ T: Search for something on Google D: past links you’ve clicked on in Google P:
which search results you’d want to see first
➢ T: Have Google autocomplete your search query D: past searches of people who
share your interests P: your full search after you type the first word
➢ T: Have a writing assignment graded by a computer D: examples of graded writing
assignments P: the grade a new assignment deserves
➢ T: Use “safe search” on Google D: examples of websites that are safe and unsafe
P: new websites that are safe and unsafe
➢ T: Get a suggested email response on Gmail D: people’s responses from past email
exchanges P: a response you might give to a new email
➢ T: Use a Snapchat filter D: examples of people’s faces P: where to paste glasses on
your face
➢ T: Play a motion-sensitive video game on Nintendo or Wii D: examples of different
motions that correspond with actions in a video game P: the action you’re trying to
take when you make a motion
➢ T: Replace letters, like “lol,” with a suggested emoji D: what each emoji could
mean P: the best emoji to replace what you’ve texted
➢ T: Receive a product recommendation on Amazon D: the products people have
bought together in the past P: a product you might like with what you just bought
➢ T: Have an email go to your spam folder D: examples of emails that are or
aren’t spam P: whether a new email is spam
➢ T: Click on an Instagram ad D: the Instagram accounts people follow and
what they buy P: what you might buy based on who you follow
➢ T: Have a news app suggest an article D: the news articles you’ve read in the
past P: the news articles you may like to read
➢ T: See a suggested ad on Snapchat D: the Snapchat accounts people follow and
what they buy P: what you might buy based on who you follow
➢ T: Have your words autocorrected in a text D: examples of how people
misspell words P: the word you’re trying to spell
➢ T: Listen to a recommended song on Spotify D: past songs that you’ve listened
to P: new songs you may like
➢ T: See a recommended product on Facebook D: the Facebook posts people
engage with and what they buy P: what you might buy based on posts you engage
with
➢ T: Get “nudged” to respond to an email on Gmail D: how quickly people have
responded to emails in the past P: how quickly you should respond to an email
➢ T: Use your face to unlock a device D: images of your face P: whether a face is
yours
➢ T: Use a map app to find a path to a destination D: how long it historically
takes to get from point A to B P: the shortest commute from point A to B
➢ T: Use an app like Shazam to identify a song D: examples of what songs sound
like in noisy environments P: the name of a song playing in a noisy environment
➢ T: Communicate with a customer service bot D: the most helpful answers to
past customer questions P: the best answer to your question
➢ T: Have an email labelled as “important” D: examples of emails that are or
aren’t important P: whether a new email is important
Thank You