KWARA STATE POLYTECHNIC, ILORIN, KWARA STATE

STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

A TECHNICAL REPORT OF FOUR (4) MONTHS INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE

AT

RADIO KWARA FM ILORIN

PERPARED BY

NAME: MAMUD ABDULSALAM KAYODE

MATRIC NO: ND/23/MAC/PT/0351

DEPARTMENT: MASS COMMUNICATION

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT TO THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF

DURATION: AUGUST TO DECEMBER 2024

This report is dedicated to Almighty Allah, for his mercies and blessing shown
on me before, during and after my SIWES program. I will also like to dedicate
this report to my parents who stood by me and also help me in many ways
during this period of preparing this report

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Thank be to almighty Allah for his blessing, guidance, protection, the courage and the

opportunity given to me to the successful completion of my SIWES program, may his

protection and blessing continue to be with us (amen).

I wish to express my thanks to my beloved parents for their moral and support toward the

completion of this program.

My last acknowledge the effort of my Supervisor and the entire staff of Mass Communication

department for their relevant suggestion and contribution toward the completion of this

program and I also thank the staff and management of probity hub for their understanding

and opportunity given to the work in their organization.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i

Acknowledgement ii

Table of Contents iii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Background of SIWES 2

1.2 Objectives of SIWES 3

1.3 Organization and Departmental Overview 4

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 Job description and Responsibilities 7

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 Skills and Knowledge gained 8

3.2 Challenges faced 8

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 Results and achievements 9

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Conclusion 14

5.2 Recommendations 14

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

SIWES which mean Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme, is Compulsory Skills

training programme designed to expose and prepare students of Nigeria Universities,

Polytechnic, Colleges of Education, Colleges of Technology and Colleges of Agriculture, for

the industrial work situation they’re likely to meet after graduation.

The Scheme also affords students the opportunity of familiarizing and exposing themselves to

the needed experience in handling equipment and machinery that are usually not available in

their institution.

Before the Establishment of the scheme, there was a growing concern among industrialists

that graduates of institutions of higher learning leaked adequate practical background studies

preparatory for employment in industries.

Thus, employers were of the opinion that the theoretical education in higher institutions

wasn’t responsive to the needs of the employers of labour.

The Industrial Training Fund (I. T.F) did SIWES Introduction, Initiation and design 1993 to

acquaint students with skills of handling employer’s equipment and machinery.

The industrial Training (I. T. F) solely funded the scheme during its formative years.

However, because of financial constraints, the fund withdrew from the Scheme in 1978.

The Federal Government, noting the significance of the skills training, headed the

management of the scheme to both the National Universities Commission (N. U. C) and the

National Board for Technical Education (N. B. T. E) in 1979

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1.1 BACKGROUND

SIWES was established by ITF in 1973 to solve the problem of lack of adequate practical

skills preparatory for employment industries by Nigerian graduates of tertiary institutions.

The scheme exposes students to industry based skills necessary for a smooth transition from

the classroom to the world of work. It affords students of tertiary institutions the opportunity

of being familiarized and expose to the need experience in handling machinery and

equipment which are usually not available in the education institutions.

Participation in industrial training is a well-known education strategy. Classroom studies are

integrated with learning through hands-on work experiences in field related to the student’s

academic major career goals. Successful internship foster an experience learning process that

not only promotes career preparation but provides opportunities for learner to develop

skills necessary to become leaders in their chosen professions.

One of the primary goals of the SIWES is to help students integrate leadership development

into the experiential learning process. Students are expected to learn and develop basic non-

profit leadership skills through a mentoring relationship with innovative non-profit leaders.

By integrating leadership development activities into the industrial training experience we

hope to encourage students to actively engage in non-profit management as a professional

career objective. However, the effectiveness of the SIWES experience will have varying

outcomes based upon the individual student, the work assignment, and the supervisor/mentor

requirements. It is vital that each internship position description includes specific, written

learning objectives to ensure leadership skills development is incorporated.

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Participation in SIWES has become a necessary pre-condition for the award of diploma and

degree certificates in specific disciplines in most institutions of high learning in the country,

in accordance with the education policy of government.

Operators- the ITF, the coordinating agencies (NUC, NCCE, NBTE), employers of labour

and the institutions

Funding – The Federal Government of Nigeria

Beneficiaries – Undergraduate students of the following: Agriculture, Engineering,

Technology, Environmental, Science, Education, Medical Science and Pure and Applied

Science

Duration – four months for Polytechnics and colleges of education, and Six months for the

Universities

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF SIWES

The following are some of the objectives of SIWES

 SIWES will provide students opportunity to test their interest in a particular career

before permanent commitments are made

 SIWES students will develop skills in the application of theory to practical work

situation

 SIWES will aid students in adjusting from colleges to full-time employment

 SIWES will increase a student’s sense of responsibility

 SIWES students will develop skills and techniques directly applicable to their career

 SIWES student will be prepared to enter into full-time employment in their area of

specialization upon graduation in educational institution.

 It helps them to gain interpersonal and entrepreneur skills.

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1.3 Organizational and Department overview

1.3.1 History of Radio Kwara FM (99.1) Ilorin

The Kwara State Broadcasting Corporation, Ilorin, with broadcasting identification, Radio

Kwara, started broadcasting service in Ilorin in 1956 as a relay station. It was then known as

provincial Broadcasting House. At Radio Kwara FM (99.1) the programming languages are

English Yoruba, Hausa, Nupe, etc.

1.3.2 Organization Chart of Radio Kwara FM (99.1) Ilorin

General Manager

Manager

Programme News Sales Admin / Finance Engineering

Executive News Directors Editorial Writer

Producer Assignment Editors

Report Presenters Camera Crew

1.3.3 Department at Radio Kwara FM 99.1

 Sales Department

 Operational Department

 Engineering Department

 Programming Department

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SALES DEPARTMENT

The sale department led by a sale manager is responsible for the sale of all commercial time

to local, regional and national sale advertisers. Larger stations may have a sale manager for

local advertiser and a national sales manager of spot advertising accounts. The sales

department usually includes a promotions director and research manager

OPERATIONAL DEPARTMENT

Operations department or traffic department led by an operations manager is responsible for

placing the advertising on the air in compliance with the contracts executed with advertise.

This can be a complicated and difficult task in that there may be dozens of different contracts

each requiring scheduled air time, position and length. Therefore many stations have

automated their traffic functions to varying

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

The engineering department led by the chief engineer is responsible for keeping the station on

the air with the best signal possible. The improvement of electronic equipment, competition

from other businesses for engineering talent, and relaxed Federal regulations has led to

smaller or streamlined engineering departments at most stations. Some stations also employ a

part-time consulting engineer to keep the station operating optimally.

PROGRAMMING DEPARTMENT

The programming department led by the program director is responsible for the audio sound

and format of the station including news, music and public affairs coverage. Stations with a

news/talk format may have a news director to coordinate news and public affairs coverage.

Stations with a music format may have a music director to coordinate the development and

implementation of the station’s music format.

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The general manager or station manager has overall responsibility for leading the four “core

departments” and the day-to-day operation of the radio station. The general manager must

hire the department heads and establish their goals and monitor and evaluate their

performance. The general manager has overall responsibility for the station’s business

performance including profits and losses, business and financial matters, budgeting, and

forecasting revenues and expenses. The general manager must maintain the station’s

reputation in the community. Finally the general manager must run the station in compliance

with all local, county, state and Federal government laws and regulations

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.1 JOB DESCRIPTION AND RESPONSIBILITIES

During my students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) program, on my first day

of resumption, I was introduced to the staff members of the program department where all the

Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme students were observing their SIWES period. I

was taken to the live studio in the organization where news is being broadcasted and

encouraged to ask questions as much as I want. I was assigned to a group that carry out a

program at the live studio.

I was always present at every call to visit the studio most especially during the live studio

programs. I was taught about the activities of the studios, which are live studio and recording

studio. In the live studio we have the console room which consist of computer system,

headphone, microphone, cameras, wall clock e.t.c

I was taught how to edit news and read the same. My supervisor was always willing to

correct me at every point in time. I was exposed to broadcasting, Radio production, usage of

gadget and equipment. I can do this independently. I was trained on essential practical and

theoretical aspect.

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 CHAPTER THREE

3.1 SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE GAINED

I learnt how to apply my knowledge gained in a professional environment. I had experience

with tools, gadget and processes used in the radio studio. I also got to observe how workers

interact among themselves and their supervisors, how they solve problems together.

Through the program I was able to gain vast exposure to the following;

 How to use different studio gadget

 How to prepare jingle for adverts

 How to interpret news from English to Yoruba Language.

 How to arrange News

3.2.2 CHALLENGES FACED

Major challenges encountered during the SIWES Program include:

There are some noticeable challenges I faced during my student’s industrial Work Experience

scheme which impede the fulfillment of the SIWES Objective. These challenges include

finances which affect certain aspects of my operation as a student most especially the high

cost of transportation to my SIWES Centre.

Furthermore, the employer are not willing to accept students into their establishments due to

the attitudes of some students and for not wanting to take responsibility of remuneration of

student after completion of the scheme; this is also one of the challenges I encountered.

Also time factor i.e I was not given adequate time to have access to the studio and some of

the gadget during session or programs

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 Result and Achievements

Equipment worked with at Radio Kwara FM 99.1 Ilorin

4.1:1 Microphone:

Technically, the Microphone captures the sound and converts it into electrical impulses. In

practice. its primary responsibility is to carry the voice through to the listeners. On the

microphone depends: timbre, depth, clarity, body and softness of voice. We can imagine it as

the object that moves the speaker from the studio and makes him/her appear right in front of

the listener. It cannot be explained scientifically, but listeners unconsciously recognize the

difference between a professional, good quality microphone, and a low quality, consumerist

one. Even if the budget is limited, an important part-of it must still be destined to the

microphone. In any case, today there are wonderful microphones at affordable prices.

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4.1:2 Microphone Processor

To stabilize the voice ‘of the speaker 6 on a constant level, a Microphone Processor is

necessary. This is an audio compressor than can decrease the volume of the voice when it is

too loud, or amplify it when it is too low. Doing so produces a sound that captures all the

details of the voice but levels out volume changes. Too high a volume level could distort the

signal; or, if too low, it could make speech incomprehensible. A microphone processor helps

smooth the audio, minimizes background noise and cleans the signal. It helps with the mixer

control, since it is not necessary to continuously adjust the level of the microphone.

4.1:3 MIC ARM

Studio microphones are often mounted on a special arm that keeps the microphone at the

proper height. A MIC Arm helps you move the MIC around and adjust it to your liking.

These arms often extend over the audio console, computer monitors, and other equipment —

leaving plenty of free table space for other instruments and paper.

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4.1:4 Headphones

Allow you to listen carefully to the audio you broadcast. These are connected to the same

audio channel that feeds the speakers: when you plug in the headphones, the speakers will

mute automatically. If you want to have complete control over your audio, you need to be

able to monitor it using headphones. You won't otherwise be able to monitor what the audio

is like as well as ensure that your setup is working properly. Headphone Distributor is

necessary to connect several users to the same source. Headphone distributors have four,

eight or more outputs; each one with an independent volume adjuster so as to allow cach user

to set a self-comfortable level.

4.1:5 Audio Mixer Console

This is the interface used to control what’s heard on air, and to choose which sounds should

be broadcasted. Each channel represents an “input”. The fader (slider) attenuates or amplifies

the incoming signal; it can change the volume and the dynamics of the sources, and combine

the various audio signals. "The Audio Mixer Console is the device that allows us to monitor

and control the audio.

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4.1:6 Studio Monitor Speakers

Show you how the music sounds without headphones. They must be of high quality, so that

all the abnormal sounds can be detected. It is also advisable to have another speaker, small

and of low quality, lo cross-check how the out is even in this kind of speakers. Ultimately, the

sound must be good but also understandable for every type of audience. It is recommended to

use speakers specifically designed for music, as they can provide the most accurate

representation of the signal

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4.1:7 On-Air light

How do you know a MIC in the studio is live? There is a special light just for that! This light

is automatically turned on/off by the audio console whenever a microphone channel is turned

on. In fact, in order to show everybody that the program is live, you need an On-Air light.

The one inside the studio, and one outside. It prevents people from coming into the studio,

opening doors or disturbing the show with any kind of noise.

4.1:8 Computer with Automation Software

This computer system makes it possible to play background music and commercials. The

software is called Automation Software or “Playout”, and it is designed to continually play

music in the background, The heart of these programs is the Playlist - which is a list with all

the audio files that need to be played. Most of the time these programs contain hotkeys, a

music database, and a lot more

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 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION

The students industrial work experience scheme is an interesting and educative programmed

that has exposes me to various forms of practical which have not been expose in school. This

programme has greatly exposed me to broadcasting, Radio production, usage of gadget and

equipment. I can solemnly do this independently. The training is also essential because it

provide adequate both practical and theoretical aspect of the course offered in various

institutions

5.1 RECOMMENDATION

The (SIWES) is very important to the student undergoing the training. I hereby thank the

government for introducing the scheme and Radio Kwara FM Ilorin and their Staff. However,

most students are facing a lots of problem this is because many establishments do not pay

money to the students. To undergo the training this creates a lot of problems such as transport

and accommodation. Therefore, government should pay student a stipend during the course

of the training. Again, students are also advice to take the scheme serious cooperate with the

government and their place of SIWES in order to make good use of the opportunity.

Allowances should be paid to students during their programme and not after. This would help

them a great deal to handle some financial problems during their training

Lastly, the various organizations that train student for the scheme should also cooperate with

government by given the training desired Knowledge so that they allow them handle most

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procedures being performed in their establishment instead of allowing them only to watch

those procedures.

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